RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

1.

An Ir-192 radioactive source with activity of 185GBq is used for radiography RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/mt/hr. At what distance a cordon will be placed? Solution: Activity = 185 GBq RHM = 0.55 rem/Ci/mtr/hr. We know that, 37 GBq = 1 Ci 185 GBq = 1 Ci x 185 GBq = 5 Ci 37 GBq Now, for 5 Ci the radiation level at 1 mtr. Will be 5 Ci x 0.55 rem/Ci/hr = 2.75 rem/hr. = 2.75 x 1000 mRem/hr. = 2750mRem/hr. Also, we know that the radiation level at cordon of distance is 0.75 mRem/hr. From Inverse Sq. Law: I1 = D2 I2 = D1 Where, I1 I2 D1 D2 = 2750 mRem/hr. = 0.75 mRem/hr. = 1 meter = Cordon of distance, D2 to be calculated.

From above equation

D2 = I1 xD1 = I2 2750 x 1 mtr. 0.75

= 60.55 mtr.

Cordon will be placed at a distance of 60.55 mtr.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

2.

A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.05 mSv/h. A radiographer has worked for three hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in micro Sv?

Ans. Here, Dose rate 1 mSv 0.05 mSv Dose Rate = 0.05 mSv/hr. = 1000 Sv = 0.05 x 1000 Sv = 50 Sv/hr.

Radiographer worked for 3.5 hrs: Dose = Dose Rate x Time = 50 Sv/hr. x 3.5 hr. = 175 Sv/hr.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

3.

An Ir-192 radioactive source gives out radiation of 1.5 mSv/hr. A radiographer has worked for two hours 30 minutes. What is dose received in Rem?

Ans.: Note: 10 mSv = 1 Rem Dose rate = 1.5 mSv/hr. = 1.5 mSv hr. 1 Rem 10 mSv

= 0.15 Rem/hr. Time = 2 hrs. 30 minutes = 2.5 hrs.

We know, Dose = Dose Rate x Time = 0.15 Rem 2.5 hr. hr. Dose = 0.375 Rem

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

4. An radiation survey meter measured a dose rate of 32 mSv/hr. from a distance of one meter. What is the dose rate at a distance of 48 meter in Rem and micro Sv? I1 = d1 = I2 = d2 = According to Inverse Square law; I1 x d1 = I2 x d2 I2 = = I1 x d1 d2 32 x 1 48 x 48 0.0138 mSv/hr. 1 Rem 10 mSv 32 mSv/hr. 1m ? 48m

I2 =

In Rem, dose rate = 0.0138 mSv hr. = 0.00138 Rem/hr.

Dose rate = 1.38 x 10-3 Rem/hr. 103Sv 1 mSv [10 mSv = 1 Rem]

In Sv, Dose rate = 0.0138 mSv hr. Dose rate = 13.8 Sv/hr.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

5. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 185 GBq is used, RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./h. A radiographer is working at 15 meter from source. If radiographer worked for 3 hours, what is the dose received by him? Source strength = 185 GBq 37 = 5 Ci [37 GBq = 1Ci] = 5 x 0.55 Rem/Hr./Mtr. = 2.75 Rem/Hr./Mtr.

I1 = d1 = I2 = d2 =

2.75 Rem/Hr. 1m Final dose rate 15 mtr.

According to Inverse Square Law I2 x d2 = I1 x d1 I2 = I1 x d1 d2 = 2.75 x 1 15 x 15 Rem/hr.

= 0.0122 Rem/hr. = 0.0122 Rem hr. = 12.2 mRem/hr. Dose received = Dose rate x Time = 12.2mRem 3 hr. hr. = 36.6 mRem [ Time = 3 Hrs] 103 mRem 1 Rem

Dose received

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

6. A Ir-192 radioactive source, 10m distance 6mRem/hr. dose rate observing. If we are observing 0.75 mRem/hr. dose rate at 20m. How many half value we have to put between the source and specimen? HVL thickness of lead is 0.22 inch. Here I1 = 6 mRem/Hr. d1 = 10 Meters d2 = 20 meters I2 = ? X =? HVL = 0.22 According to Inverse Square Law; I2 = = = Again, I1 x d1 d2 6 x 10 x 10 20 x 20 1.5 mRem/hr.

Io = 1.5 mRem/hr. I = 0.75 mRem/hr. X = ?

We know, I = IOe Or Or
-0.693 x X
HVL

X 0.75 = 6e-0.693 x HVL

0.75 = 1.5 x e

-0.693 x X

0.22

Or

0.75 = Ln 1.5 +0.693

X e -0.693 0.22

= + 0.693 X 0.22

X = 0.22 no. of HVL = X = 0.22 HVL 0.22 = 1 Ans.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

7. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.15 mSv/h. A radiographer has worked for two hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem? Ans: Given that: Dose rate = 0.15 mSv/h. Time during which radiation received = 2 hours. To find dose received in Rem: Dose = Dose Rate x Time 1 Sv = 100 Rem or, 1000mSv = 100 Rem or, 1mSv = 100/1000 Rem = 0.1 Rem Dose rate = 0.15 mSv/hr = 0.15 mSv/hr. x 0.1 Rem/mSv Now, Dose received = 0.015 Rem/hr x 2.5 hours = 0.0375 Rem = 3.75x10- Rem Dose Received = 3.75 x 10- Rem. = 0.015 Rem/hr.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

8. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 4440 GBq is used. RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr/Hr. At what distance a Radiographer will receive radiation 15 mRem/h? Solution: Given that: Source Activity RHM I2 We know, 37 GBq 4440 GBq = 1Ci = 1Ci x 4440GBq 37 GBq = 120 Ci = = = = Ir-192 4440 GBq 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. 15 mRem/Hr.

RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr x 0.55 x 103mRem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. = 550 mRem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. For 120 Ci the radiation level at 1 Mtr. will be = 120 Ci x 550 mRem/Ci/Hr. = 66000 mRem/Hr. For finding distance; Inverse Sq. Law =

I1 = D2 I2 = D1 I1 I2 D1 D2 = = = = 66000mRem/hr. 15 mRem/hr. 1 Mtr. ?

Given,

D2 = I1 x D1 I2 or, D2 = I1 x D1 Mtr. = I2 66000x 1 15 Mtr. = 66.33 Mtr.

Ans.: The required distance = 66.33 Mtr.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

9. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 2590 GBq is used. RHF is 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft/hr. At what distance a radiographer will receive radiation 3 mRem/h? Solution: Given that: Source Activity RHM I2 Now, we know that, 37 GBq 2590 GBq = = = = Ir-192 2590 GBq 5.9 Rem/Hr. 3m Rem/Hr.

For,

= 1 Ci = 1 Ci x 2590 GBq = 70 Ci 37 GBq RHF = 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft/hr = 5.9 x 103mRem/Ci/ft/hr 70 Ci source the radiation level at 1ft.will be = 70 Ci x 5.9 x 103 mRem/Ci/hr = 413000 mRem/hr.

Now, as per Inverse Square Law: I1 = D2 I2 = D1

Where,

I1 I2 D1 D2

= = = =

413000mRem/hr. 3 mRem/hr. 1 ft. ?

D2 = I1 x D1 I2 or, D2 = I1 x D1 Mtr. = I2 413000x 1 3 ft.. = 371.03 ft.

The required distance = 371.03 ft.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

10. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 1110 GBq is used. RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/mtr/hr. At what distance a radiographer will receive radiation 15 mRem/h? Solution: Given that, Source is Activity RHM I2 We know that, 37 GBq = 1 Ci 1110 GBq = 1 Ci x 1110 GBq = 30 Ci 37 GBq RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. = 0.55 x 103 mRem/Ci/Mtr./hr. = 550 mRem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. For, 30 Ci source the radiation level at 1 mtr. distance will be 30 Ci x 550 mRem/Ci/hr. = 16500 mRem/hr. From Inverse Sq. Law I1 = D2 I2 = D1 Or D2 = I1 x D1 I2 D2 = I1 x D1 I2 = = = = Ir-192 1110 GBq 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr/Hr. 15 mRem/Hr.

Or

Where, I1 I2 D1 D2 D2 = = = = = 16500mRem/hr. 15 mRem/hr. 1 mtr.. ?

16500 x 1 Mtr. = 33.16 Mtr. 15

The required distance = 33.16 Mtr.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

11. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.6 mSv/h. A radiographer has worked for two hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem? Solution: Dose received = Dose Rate x Time Given, Dose Rate = 0.6 mSv / Hr. = 0.6 mSv/Hr. x 0.1 Rem/mSv = 0.06 Rem/hr. = 2 Hrs. 30 Min. = 2 Hr. = 0.06 Rem/ hr. x 2 Hr. = 0.15 Rem

Time Dose

The dose received by the radiographer = 0.15 Rem.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

12. An Ir-192 Radioactive Source with activity of 4850 m Curie is used for Radiography, RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. at what distance a cordon will be placed? Solution: Activity = 4850 mCi = 4850/1000 Ci = 4.85 Ci

RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. For 4.85 Ci at 1 meter distance the Radiation level will be; = 4.85Ci x 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. = 2.6675 Rem/hr. Where, I1 I2 D1 D2 We know I1 = D2 I2 = D1 = = = = 2.6675 Rem/hr. 0.75 mRem/hr. = 0.00075 Rem/hr. 1 mtr. ?

D2

I1 x D1 I2 2.6675 x 1 0.00075

= 59.63 meter Cordon of distance = 59.63 Ans.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

13. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.05 mSv/hr. A radiographer has worked for three hours 30 minutes that is the dose received in micro Sv? Solution: We know, Dose = Dose rate x Time Dose rate = 0.05 mSv/hr. Time = 3.5 hrs. = = = Dose = 0.05 mSv/hr. x 3.5 hrs. 0.175 mSv 175 Sv [1mSv = 1000 Sv] 175 Sv

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

14. An Ir-192 Radioactive Source of 3700 m Curie is used. RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. at what distance a radiographer will received radiation 5 mRem/hr. Here, 3700 Ci 1000 = 3.7 Ci

for 3.7 Ci at 1 meter distance the radiation Level will be = 3.7 x 0.55 = 2.035 Rem/hr. I1 = D2 I2 = D1

I1 = 5.035 Rem/hr. I2 = 5mRem = 5 mRem =0.005Rem/hr. 1000 D1 = 1 Meter D2 = ?

D2

I1 x D1 I2 2.035 x I 0.005 = 407 = 20.17 meter

The received distance = 20.17 meter.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

15. An Ir-192 Radioactive Source of 3700 GBq is used. RHF is 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft./hr. distance a radiographer will receive Radiation 5mRem/hr.? 37 GBq = 1 Ci 1 GBq = 1 37 3700 GBq = 3700 = 100 Ci 37 RHF = 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft./hr.

At what

From 100 Ci at 1 feet distance the radiation level will be 5.9 x 100 = 590 Rem/hr.

I1 = D2 I2 = D1

I1 = 590 mRem/hr. I2 = 5 mRem/hr. = 5 mRem/hr. 1000 = 0.005 mRem/hr. D1 = 1 ft. D2 = ?

D2

I1 x D1 I2 590 x I 0.005 = 343.5 ft.

The distance = 343.5 ft. -------------------------------Another process, The distance = Ci x RHM x 1000 5 = 100 x 5.9 x 1000 5 = 343.5 ft.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

16. An Ir-192 Radioactive source of 740 GBq is used RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. At what distance a radiographer will received radiation 10 mSv? 37 GBq = 1 Ci 740 GBq = 740 Ci = 20 Ci 37 RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr.

For 20 Ci at 1 meter distance the radiation level will be 0.55 x 20 = 11 Rem/hr. I1 = D2 I2 = D1 I1 = I2 = D1 = D2 = 11 Rem/hr. 1 Rem/hr. [10 mSv = 1 Rem] 1 Mtr. ?

D2

I1 x D1 I2 11 x I 1 = 3.31 Mtr.

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

17. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.8 mSv. A radiographer has worked for 4 hours 20 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem?

We know,

10 mSv = 1 Rem 0.8 mSv = 0.8 = 0.08 Rem 10

Dose = Dose rate x Time = 0.08 x 4.33 = 0.3464 Rem [4 Hrs. 20 min. = 4.33 Hrs.]

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

18. A Radioactive source gives out Radiation of 8500Sv/hr. A Radiographer has worked for 3 Hour 30 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem? Here given = 8500Sv/hr. = 8500 = 8.5 mSv/hr. 1000 [1 mSv = 1000Sv]

We know

10 mSv = 1 Rem 1 mSv = 1 Rem 10 8.5 = 8.5 = 0.85 Rem 10 [3 hours 30 minutes = 3.5 hours] = 2.975 Rem

Dose = Rate x Time Dose = 0.85 x 3.5

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

19. A radioactive source gives out Radiation of 0.5 mSv/hr. A radiographer has worked for 4 hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in micro Rem? We know, 1 mSv = 100 mRem 0.5 mSv = 100 x 0.5 mRem 1 mRem = 1000 Rem 50 mRem = 50 x 1000 = 50000 Rem. Dose = Dose Rate x Time = 50000 x 4.5 = 225000 Rem. [4 hours 30 minutes = 4.5 hours] = 50 mRem

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

20. A radiation survey meter measured a dose rate of 0.032 Sv/h from a source at a distance of one meter. What is the dose rate at a distance of 40 meter in micro Sv for Co-60 Source? We know, 1 Sv = 106 Sv 0.032Sv = 0.032 x 106 Sv I1 = D2 I2 = D1 Or I2 = I1 x D1 D2 I2 = 0.032 x 106 x 1 40 = 20 Sv/hr. I1 = 0.032 x 106 Sv D1 = 1 Meter D2 = 40 Meter I2 = ?

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

21. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 18,500 milli Curie is used. RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. Radiographer is working at 25 meter from source. If radiographer during his duty of 8 hours decides to work 4 hours, what is the dose received by him in mSv? Ans. For 18,500 milli Curie at 1 meter distance the radiation level will be: = 18,500 x 0.55 x 1000 1000 = 10175 mRem/Hr. As per Inverse Square Law, I1 = D2 I2 = D1 Or I2 = I1 x D1 D2 I2 = 10175 x 1 25 = 16.28 mRem/hr. Dose = Dose Rate x Time = 16.28 x 4 = 65.12 mRem So, 1 mRem = 1 mSv 100 65.120 mRem = 65.12 mSv 100 = 0.6512 mSv I1 = 10175 mRem/hr. D1 = 1 Meter D2 = 25 Meter I2 = ?

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RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION Sample Problems

22. A radioactive source Ir-192 35ci exposed only 35 second. How much dose will receive at 48m long? RHM of Ir-192 = 0.55 Rem/Ci/mtr/hr. Here, Source Activity = 35 Ci RHM of Ir-192 = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. Dose Rate = 35 Ci x 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. = 19.25 Rem/hr. @ 1 mtr. If the Source exposed 35 Sec. Dose = 19.25 Rem x 1 hr. x 35 Min. hr. 60 min. 60 Sec. = 0.187 Rem @ 1 meter. I1 = 0.187 Rem/hr. D1 = 1 Meter D2 = 48 Meter I2 = ? As per Inverse Square Law, I1 = D2 I2 = D1 I2 = I1 x D1 D2 = 0.187 x 1 (48) = 8.12295 x 10-5 Since, 1 Rem = 1000 mRem I2 = 8.12295 x 10-5 Rem x 1000 mRem Rem = 0.08123 mRem Ans. 1 Rem = 1,000 mRem (milliRem) 1 Rem = 1,000,000 Rem (microRem) 1 Sv 1 Sv 1 Sv 1 mSv 1 Sv = = = = = 1,000 mSv (milliSv) 1,000,000 Sv (microSv) 100 Rem 100 mRem 100 Rem Direct Conversions: 10 Sv 10 mSv

1 mRem 1 Rem

= =

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