FORMULAS FOR ESTIMATING VHP-G, GSI & GL BRAKE HORSEPOWER AND INTAKE MANIFOLD PRESSURE

VHP G Series Engines:

1. The following are guides for estimating the average brake horsepower or intake manifold pressure of VHP-G engines using standard timing. If the nameplate timing specifies a timing other than the standard timings listed in Table 1 or Table 2, these formulas will not apply. The formulas are based on a statistical average of test data. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). 2. There are many factors that influence the accuracy of the formulas. The most influential are: A. Exhaust Oxygen: The only accepted method of measurement is with an exhaust oxygen meter analyzer to measure the percentage of exhaust O2 present. Any other method will only increase the margin of error. See S-sheet S8483 (or latest revision) for percentages of excess exhaust oxygen as related to the carburetor adjustment. The measurement must be taken at the exhaust elbows. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). B. Spark Timing: For ignition timing refer to Table 1 and Table 2 below. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). C. Intake Manifold Pressure Measurements: Use the taps that are provided in the intake manifold. Pressures are measured in inches of mercury (inches Hg gauge) with a digital manometer. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). NOTE: Other methods of measurement may increase the margin of error. D. Intake Manifold Temperature Measurement: Use the taps that are provided in the intake manifold. Temperatures should be measured by thermocouple for maximum accuracy. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). NOTE: Other methods of measurement may increase the margin of error. E. Site Altitude: Altitude must be known at the engine site. Altitude is measured in feet. F. Engine Speed: Use a digital tachometer to measure engine speed. 3. The engine must be in good operating condition and properly adjusted in order to obtain reasonable agreement with these formulas. 4. These formulas are only good for engines operating on commercial quality natural gas. The use of other fuels will increase the margin of error.

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NOTE: Changing the engine timing will also the exhaust emissions and fuel economy. CAUTION! Engine damage may result if detonation occurs. If detonation occurs at the specified name plate timing, a timing adjustment be made to retard the ignition timing until NO audible detonation exists. The formulas below for VHP "G" gas engines are based on the following data ranges: 45-110 psi BMEP 50-110F inlet air temperature 800-1200 rpm engine speed Standard natural gas ignition timing Exhaust oxygen 0.3% to 1.3% dry Accuracy is 5% on power and 2 inches Hg for intake manifold pressure at rated load. Table 1. Standard Ignition Timing Chart for "G" 8:1 Compression Ratio Engines Engine F2895G F3521G L5108G L5790G L7042G P9390G 900-1200 RPM 24BTDC 24BTDC 24BTDC 24BTDC 24BTDC 28BTDC

Table 2. Standard Ignition Timing Chart for "G" 10:1 Compression Ratio Engines Engine F2895G F3521G L5108G L5790G L7042G P9390G 600-1000 RPM 20BTDC 22BTDC 22BTDC 20BTDC 22BTDC 24BTDC 1001-1200 RPM 20BTDC 24BTDC 24BTDC 20BTDC 24BTDC 24BTDC

To calculate power or intake manifold pressure use the following procedure: a. Enter the value of each parameter identified in Column 1, into Column 2. use the units as given in Column 1. For naturally aspirated engines, intake manifold pressure is actually a vacuum, therefore enter this value as a negative, with a minus "-" sign in front of it. The factor "Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) X Engine Speed (rpm) will also be negative. b. After entering the values in Column 2, the program will automatically multiply by the constants in Column 3, calculate the results and total in Column 4. c. The total BHP or IMP result at standard temperature (77F) in Column 4 will automatically be inserted into the BHP77 or IMP77 in Column 7. Enter the value for the Intake Manifold Temperature at Site (IMTsite ) or (BHPsite) in Column 5. The BHPsite or IMPsite will be calculated in Column 6. Definitions: IMPsite ________ = Intake Manifold Pressure (inches Hg gauge) At Site Intake Manifold Temperature IMP77_______ = Intake Manifold Pressure (inches Hg gauge) At 77F Intake Manifold Temperature

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IMTsite _______ = Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Measured At Site

VHP GSI Series Engines: 1. The following are guides for estimating the average brake horsepower or intake manifold pressure of VHP-GSI engines using standard timing. If the nameplate timing specifies a timing other than the standard timings listed in Table 3, these formulas will not apply. The formulas are based on a statistical average of test data. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). 2. There are many factors that influence the accuracy of the formulas. The most influential are: A. Exhaust Oxygen: The only accepted method of measurement is with an exhaust oxygen meter analyzer to measure the percentage ofexhaust O2 present. Any other method will only increase the margin of error. See S-sheet S8483 (or latest revision) for percentages of excess exhaust oxygen as related to the carburetor adjustment. The measurement must betaken at the exhaust elbows before the turbocharger. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). B. Spark Timing: For ignition timing refer to Table 3 below. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). C. Intake Manifold Pressure Measurements: Use the taps that are provided in the intake manifold. Pressures are measured in inches of mercury (inches Hg gauge) with a digital manometer. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). NOTE: Other methods of measurement may increase the margin of error. D. Intake Manifold Temperature Measurement: Use the taps that are provided in the intake manifold. Temperatures should be measured by thermocouple for maximum accuracy. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). NOTE: Other methods of measurement may increase the margin of error. E. Site Altitude: Altitude must be known at the engine site. Altitude is measured in feet. F. Engine Speed: Use a digital tachometer to measure engine speed. 3. The engine must be in good operating condition and properly adjusted in order to obtain reasonable agreement with these formulas. 4. These formulas are only good for engines operating on commercial quality natural gas. The use of other fuels will increase the margin of error. NOTE: Changing the engine timing will also the exhaust emissions and fuel economy. CAUTION! Engine damage may result if detonation occurs. If detonation occurs at the specified name plate timing, a timing adjustment be made to retard the ignition timing until NO audible detonation exists. The formulas below for VHP "GSI" gas engines are based on the following data ranges:

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65-160 psi BMEP 85-130F inlet water temperature 800-1200 rpm engine speed Standard natural gas ignition timing Exhaust oxygen 0.3% to 1.3% dry Accuracy is 5% on power and 2 inches Hg for intake manifold pressure at rated load. Table 3. Standard Ignition Timing Chart for "GSI" Engines Engine F2895 F3521 L5108 L5790 L7042 P9390 600-1000 RPM 21BTDC 24BTDC 18BTDC 21BTDC 24BTDC 21BTDC 1001-1200 RPM 21BTDC 24BTDC 15BTDC 21BTDC 24BTDC 21BTDC

To calculate power or intake manifold pressure use the following procedure: a. Enter the value of each parameter identified in Column 1, into Column 2. Use the units as given in Column 1. b. After entering the values in Column 2, the program will automatically multiply by the constants in Column 3, calculate the BHP results and total in Column 4. VHP GL Series Engines: 1. The following are guides for estimating the average brake horsepower or intake manifold pressure of VHP-GL engines using standard timing. If the nameplate timing specifies a timing other than the standard timings listed in Table 3, these formulas will not apply. The formulas are based on a statistical average of test data. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). 2. There are many factors that influence the accuracy of the formulas. The most influential are: A. Exhaust Oxygen: The only accepted method of measurement is with an exhaust oxygen meter analyzer to measure the percentage ofexhaust O2 present. Any other method will only increase the margin of error. See S-sheet S8483 (or latest revision) for percentages of excess exhaust oxygen as related to the carburetor adjustment. The measurement must be taken at the exhaust elbows before the turbocharger. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). B. Spark Timing: For ignition timing refer to Table 4 below. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). C. Intake Manifold Pressure Measurements: Use the taps that are provided in the intake manifold. Pressures are measured in inches of mercury (inches Hg gauge) with a digital manometer. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). NOTE: Other methods of measurement may increase the margin of error. D. Intake Manifold Temperature Measurement:

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Use the taps that are provided in the intake manifold. Temperatures should be measured by thermocouple for maximum accuracy. Reference Service Bulletin 14-2755A (or latest revision). NOTE: Other methods of measurement may increase the margin of error. E. Site Altitude: Altitude must be known at the engine site. Altitude is measured in feet. F. Exhaust Manifold Pressure: Use the taps that are provided in the exhaust outlet. Pressures are measured in inches of mercury (inches Hg) by a mechanical device. NOTE: Other methods of measurement may increase the margin of error. G. Engine Speed: Use a digital tachometer to measure engine speed. 3. The engine must be in good operating condition and properly adjusted in order to obtain reasonable agreement with these formulas. 4. These formulas are only good for engines operating on commercial quality natural gas. The use of other fuels will increase the margin of error. NOTE: Changing the engine timing will also the exhaust emissions and fuel economy. CAUTION! Engine damage may result if detonation occurs. If detonation occurs at the specified name plate timing, a timing adjustment be made to retard the ignition timing until NO audible detonation exists. The formulas below for VHP "GL" gas engines are based on the following data ranges: 2895GL, 3521GL, 5790GL,7042GL,9390GL Engines 65-160 psi BMEP 85-130F inlet water temperature 800-1200 rpm engine speed Standard natural gas ignition timing Lambda=1.74 (9.8% O2 dry) Accuracy is 5% on power and 2 inches Hg for intake manifold pressure at rated load.

Table 4. Standard Ignition Timing Chart for "GL" Engines Engine F2895 F3521 L5108 L5790 L7042 P9390 600-1000 RPM 10BTDC 10BTDC 14BTDC 10BTDC 10BTDC 10BTDC 1001-1200 RPM 11BTDC 10BTDC 14BTDC 11BTDC 10BTDC 10BTDC

To calculate power or intake manifold pressure use the following procedure:

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a. Enter the value of each parameter identified in Column 1, into Column 2. Use the units as given in Column 1. b. After entering the values in Column 2, the program will automatically multiply by the constants in Column 3, calculate the BHP results and total in Column 4.

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SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR A VHP "G": The following example shows how to calculate estimated brake horsepower for a VHP "G" engine. The engine is running at 1000 rpm at an altitude of 1000 ft., and has a measured site intake manifold temperature of 95F and a measured site intake manifold pressure (vacuum) of -5 inches of mercury gauge. After performing the calculations in Table 1,insert the horsepower value obtained for the standard 77F into the adjustment formula to obtain actual site estimated horsepower. F2895G BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 10 -5.0 1000 -5000 0.3 1000 1.00 x x x x x x x

-5

x Engine Speed (RPM) 1000

Column 3 Multiplier 5.24 = 4.24 = 0.41 = 0.0166 = -25.3 = -0.012 = 10.7 = BHP77= =

Column 4 Result 52.4 -21.2 410 -83 -7.59 -12 10.7 349.31

Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Column 5 BHP77 Column 6 537/(460+IMTsite(F))

95

BHPsite

340.0

SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR A VHP "GSI": The following example shows how to calculate the expected intake manifold pressure (inches Hg gauge) for a F2895GSI. The engine is running at 1000 rpm at an altitude of 1000 ft. It is driving a 95% efficient generator with a measured output of 340 kWe. The radiator fan uses 26 horsepower. Intake manifold temperature is measured at 130 F. The engine is equipped with a catalyst and so has an exhaust oxygen level of 0.3%. Site power = (340 x 1.341) / 0.95 + 26 bhp = (456 / 0.95) + 26 = 480 + 26 = 506 bhp F2895GSI Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) BHP506 /RPM 1000 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 Column 3 Multiplier 506 x 0.0183 130 x 0.0379 1000 x -0.00689 0.506 x 33.9 0.30 x 1.3 1000 x 0.001 1.00 x -18.3 Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

= = = = = =

Column 4 Result 9.26 4.93 -6.9 17.2 0.39 1 -18 7.54 2 inches Hg

SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR A VHP "GL": The following example shows how to calculate estimated brake horsepower for a L7042GL. The engine is running at 1200 rpm. Altitude is 750 feet above sea level. Engine settings are the standard 10 BTDC ignition timing and 9.8% exhaust oxygen. Intake manifold pressure was measured as 28.5 inches Hg gauge inches Hg gauge, and intake manifold temperature was measured as 135 F. L7042GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 28.5 x Engine Speed (RPM) 1200 = 34200 x 135 x 1200 x 750 x 1.00 x Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0281 -2.01 0.461 -0.0281 255 BHP

= = = = = =

Column 4 Result 961.02 -271.35 553.2 -21.075 255 1480

F2895G, GSI, GL Prediction

F2895G BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x x

0.00

Engine Speed (rpm)

1.00

Column 3 Multiplier 5.24 4.24 0.41 0.0166 -25.3 -0.012 10.7 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

10.7 10.7 10

BHP77 F2895G Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) BHP Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

x 537/(460+IMTsite(F))

BHPsite

Column 2 x x x x x x x

1.00

Column 3 Multiplier -0.281 0.0118 -0.00263 35.8 1.25 0.001 -17.2 IMP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = =

-17.2 -17.2 -19.0 2 inches Hg

(IMP77+29.92) x F2895GSI BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

(460+IMTsite)/537-29.92

IMPsite

Column 2 x x x x x x x

0 x Engine Speed (rpm)

1.00 Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 5.16 -0.74 0.398 0.0136 -25.8 -0.0187 82.4 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = =

82.4 80

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F2895G, GSI, GL Prediction

F2895GSI Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x x

1.00 Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0183 0.0379 -0.00689 33.9 1.3 0.001 -18.3

Column 4 Result = = = = = =

-18.3 -18.3 2 inches Hg

F2895GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x Engine Speed (rpm) = x x x x x

1.00 Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0112 -0.123 0.171 -0.0112 39.5 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = =

39.5 40

F2895GL Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP /RPM Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 = x x x x x

1.00 Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 86.5 0.0148 0.0038 0.001 -22.2

Column 4 Result

= = = =

-22.2 -22.2 2 inches Hg

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F3521G, GSI, GL Prediction

F3521G BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x x

0.00

Engine Speed (rpm)

1.00

Column 3 Multiplier 0.409 9.23 0.431 0.0164 -36.2 -0.015 163 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = =

163 163

BHP77 F3521G Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) BHP Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

x 537/(460+IMTsite(F))

BHPsite

190

Column 2 x x x x x x x

1.00

Column 3 Multiplier -0.0315 0.0155 -0.00279 23.2 1.43 0.001 -20.2 IMP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

-20.2 -20.2 -4.0 2 inches Hg

(IMP77+29.92) x F3521GSI BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

(460+IMTsite)/537-29.92

IMPsite

Column 2 x x x x x x x

0 x Engine Speed (rpm)

1.00 Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 10.8 -0.83 0.394 0.0126 -26.5 -0.0234 202 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = =

202 200

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F3521G, GSI, GL Prediction

F3521GSI Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x x

1.00 Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0206 0.0379 -0.00569 21.4 1.16 0.001 -19.7

Column 4 Result = = = = = =

-19.7 -19.7 2 inches Hg

F3521GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x Engine Speed (rpm) = x x x x x

1.00 Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 0.014 -0.0166 0.226 -0.014 40.2 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = =

40.2 40

F3521GL Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP /RPM Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 = x x x x x

1.00 Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 71.2 0.00138 0.00369 0.001 -22.7

Column 4 Result

= = = =

-22.7 -22.7 2 inches Hg

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L5108G, GSI, GL Prediction

L5108G BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

0.00

Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 14.4 6.31 0.729 0.0302 -46.3 -0.0204 -69.9 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = =

-69.9 -69.9 -80

BHP77 L5108G Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) BHP Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

x 537/(460+IMTsite(F))

BHPsite

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

Column 3 Multiplier -0.429 0.00561 -0.00327 21.6 1.35 0.001 -14.4 IMP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

-14.4 -14.4 -17.0 2 inches Hg

(IMP77+29.92) x

(460+IMTsite)/537-29.92

IMPsite

Page 14

L5108G, GSI, GL Prediction

L5108GSI BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

0 x Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 7.77 -0.937 0.634 0.0245 -44 -0.0323 147 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = =

147 150

L5108GSI Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 0.00893 0.0349 -0.00515 21.6 1.36 0.001 -19.5

Column 4 Result = = = = = =

-19.5 -19.5 2 inches Hg

Page 15

L5108G, GSI, GL Prediction

L5108GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x Engine Speed (rpm) = x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0199 -0.957 0.359 -0.0199 106 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = =

106 110

L5108GL Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP /RPM Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) =

Column 3 Multiplier 49.9 0.0479 -0.00018 0.001 -22.9

Column 4 Result

= = = =

-22.9 -22.9 2 inches Hg

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L5790G, GSI, GL Prediction

L5790G BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

0.00

Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 23.7 1.8 0.954 0.0404 -59.2 -0.0247 -237 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

-237 -237 -280

BHP77

x 537/(460+IMTsite(F))

BHPsite

L5790G Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) BHP Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

Column 3 Multiplier -0.508 0.00337 -0.00242 19.8 1.25 0.001 -14.8 IMP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

-14.8 -14.8 -20 2 inches Hg

(IMP77+29.92) x

(460+IMTsite)/537-29.92

IMPsite

Page 17

L5790G, GSI, GL Prediction

L5790GSI BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

0 x Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 10.5 -1.01 0.734 0.0274 -50.6 -0.0379 178 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = =

178 180

L5790GSI Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 0.00815 0.0374 -0.00533 17.7 1.34 0.001 -19.6

Column 4 Result = = = = = =

-19.6 -19.6 2 inches Hg

Page 18

L5790G, GSI, GL Prediction

L5790GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x Engine Speed (rpm) = x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0227 -0.575 0.364 -0.0227 91.5 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = =

91.5 90

L5790GL Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP /RPM Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) =

Column 3 Multiplier 43.3 0.0244 0.00194 0.001 -21.5

Column 4 Result

= = = =

-21.5 -21.5 2 inches Hg

Page 19

L7042G, GSI, GL Prediction

L7042G BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

0.00

Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 17.7 13.4 0.977 0.0381 -58.8 -0.03 46.2 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

46.2 46.2 50

BHP77

x 537/(460+IMTsite(F)

BHPsite

L7042G Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) BHP Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

Column 3 Multiplier -0.365 0.0062 -0.0032 13 1.19 0.001 -16.4 IMP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

-16.4 -16.4 -18.3 2 inches Hg

(IMP77+29.92) x

(460+IMTsite)/537-29.92

IMPsite

Page 20

L7042G, GSI, GL Prediction

L7042GSI BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

0 x Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 15.6 -0.964 0.838 0.0302 -50.9 -0.0458 262 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = =

262 260

L7042GSI Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 0.00833 0.025 -0.00495 13.2 1.14 0.001 -19.2

Column 4 Result = = = = = =

-19.2 -19.2 2 inches Hg

Page 21

L7042G, GSI, GL Prediction

L7042GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x Engine Speed (rpm) = x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0281 -2.01 0.461 -0.0281 255 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = =

255 260

L7042GL Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP /RPM Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) =

Column 3 Multiplier 35.1 0.0691 0.003 0.001 -27.9

Column 4 Result

= = = =

-27.9 -27.9 2 inches Hg

Page 22

P9390G, GSI, GL Prediction

P9390G BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

0.00

Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 38.7 7.91 1.43 0.0622 -111 -0.04 -232 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

-232 -232 -270

BHP77

x 537/(460+IMTsite(F)

BHPsite

P9390G Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter Compression Ratio (8.2 or 10) BHP Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept Intake Manifold Temperature (F)

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x

Column 3 Multiplier -0.596 0.00224 -0.00166 11.9 1.57 0.001 -14.9 IMP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = =

-14.9 -14.9 -17.1 2 inches Hg

(IMP77+29.92) x

(460+IMTsite)/537-29.92

IMPsite

Page 23

P9390G, GSI, GL Prediction

P9390GSI BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

0 x Engine Speed (rpm)

Column 3 Multiplier 15.4 -0.144 1.06 0.0445 -97.5 -0.0599 170 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = =

170 170

P9390GSI Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) BHP 0 /RPM 0 Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 Multiplier 0.00538 -0.00255 -0.00404 11.2 1.63 0.001 -16.4

Column 4 Result = = = = = =

-16.4 -16.4 2 inches Hg

Page 24

P9390G, GSI, GL Prediction

P9390GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x Engine Speed (rpm) = x x x x 1.00 x Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 0.0375 -1.06 0.473 -0.0375 335 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = =

335 340

P9390GL Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Parameter BHP /RPM Intake Manifold Temperature(F) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x 1.00 x Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) =

Column 3 Multiplier 26.4 0.0278 0.00699 0.001 -28.3

Column 4 Result

= = = =

-28.3 -28.3 2 inches Hg

Page 25

L5115GL Prediction

5115GL BHP Prediction Column 1 Parameter Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Exhaust Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) Ignition Timing (BTDC) Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) Engine Speed (RPM) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x x x x

1.00 Calculated

Column 3 Multiplier 22.49 -1.27 4.49 -173 14.6 -0.312 0.342 -0.027 1735 BHP77=

Column 4 Result = = = = = = = = = =

1735 1735

5115GL Intake Manifold Prediction Column 1 Engine Speed (RPM) Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) BHP Ignition Timing (BTDC) Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) Intake Manifold Temperature (F) Exhaust Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) Altitude (ft) Intercept

Column 2 x x x x x x x x x

1.00 Calculated Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge)

Column 3 -0.0254 0.42 0.00699 -0.00899 0.0205 0.056 0.84 0.00016 10.84

Column 4 = = = = = = = = = =

10.84 10.84

Page 26

BRAKE HORSEPOWER PREDICTING FORMULA -- VHP 3524GSI Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Parameter (User Inputs) Multiplier Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) x 24.0471 = Intake Manifold Temperature (F) x -0.9570 = Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) x -32.6793 = Ignition Timing (BTDC) x 6.6498 = Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) x -1.4489 = Engine Speed (RPM) x 0.5845 = Altitude (ft) x -0.0240 = Intercept 1.00 x 7.0878 = Calculated BHP = This formula for the VHP 3524GSI gas engine is based on the following data ranges: (-12.9) - 15.9IMP (in Hg) 700 - 1200 Engine Speed (Rpm) 111- 144 IMT (F) 225 - 925 BHP 0.22 - 1.56 Exhaust oxygen ( % dry) 50 - 173 BMEP (psi) 12 - 27 Ignition timing (BTDC) 130 - 150 ICWT (F) TM 37 - 94 WKI 180 - 240 JWT (F) Bhp Prediction Accuracy is 36 Bhp ( 4.3 % on power at a rated load of 840 Bhp @ 1200 Rpm)

INTAKE MANIFOLD PRESSURE PREDICTING FORMULA -- VHP 3524GSI Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Parameter (User Inputs) Multiplier Brake Horsepower (BHP) x 0.0416 = Intake Manifold Temperature (F) x 0.0398 = Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) x 1.3590 = Ignition Timing (BTDC) x -0.2765 = Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) x 0.0603 = Engine Speed (RPM) x -0.0243 = Altitude (ft) x 0.0010 = Intercept 1.00 x -0.2947 = Calculated IMP = This formula for the VHP 3524GSI gas engine is based on the following data ranges: (-12.9) - 15.9IMP (in Hg) 700 - 1200 Engine Speed (Rpm) 111- 144 IMT (F) 225 - 925 BHP 0.22 - 1.56 Exhaust oxygen ( % dry) 50 - 173 BMEP (psi) 12 - 27 Ignition timing (BTDC) 130 - 150 ICWT (F) TM 37 - 94 WKI 180 - 240 JWT (F) Bhp Prediction Accuracy is 36 Bhp ( 4.3 % on power at a rated load of 840 Bhp @ 1200 Rpm)

GSI Column 4 Result Sample Calculation IMP IMT EXH O2 TIMING WKI RPM ALTITUDE 7 7 BHP 11.3 127 0.30 22 94.0 1200 800 840

@ 1200 Rpm)

524GSI Column 4 Result Sample Calculation BHP IMT EXH O2 TIMING WKI RPM ALTITUDE -0.3 -0.3 IMP 840 127 0.30 22 94.0 1200 800 11.3

@ 1200 Rpm)

BRAKE HORSEPOWER PREDICTING FORMULA -- VHP 5794GSI Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Parameter (User Inputs) Multiplier Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) x 39.348812 = Intake Manifold Temperature (F) x -1.00296 = Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) x -50.07904 = Ignition Timing (BTDC) x 7.6696731 = Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) x -1.969549 = Engine Speed (RPM) x 0.8394128 = Altitude (ft) x -0.039349 = Intercept 1.00 x 17.23084 = Calculated BHP = This formula for the VHP 5794GSI gas engine is based on the following input/output ranges: (-12) - 17 IMP (in Hg) 700 - 1200 Engine Speed (Rpm) 117 - 145 IMT (F) 372 -1518 BHP 0.1 - 1.7 Exhaust O2 ( % dry) 50 - 173 BMEP (psi) 12 - 27 Ignition timing (BTDC) 128 - 153 ICWT (F) TM 36 - 95 WKI 180 - 241 JWT (F) Bhp Prediction Accuracy: 64 Bhp ( 4.6% at rated load of 1380 Bhp @ 1200 Rpm)

INTAKE MANIFOLD PRESSURE PREDICTING FORMULA -- VHP 5794GSI Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Parameter (User Inputs) Multiplier Brake Horsepower (BHP) x 0.0254137 = Intake Manifold Temperature (F) x 0.025489 = Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) x 1.2726951 = Ignition Timing (BTDC) x -0.194915 = Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) x 0.0500536 = Engine Speed (RPM) x -0.021333 = Altitude (ft) x 0.001 = Intercept 1.00 x -0.4379 = Calculated IMP = This formula is based on the following input/output ranges: (-12) - 17 IMP (in Hg) 700 - 1200 Engine Speed (Rpm) 117 - 145 IMT (F) 372 -1518 BHP 0.1 - 1.7 Exhaust O2 ( % dry) 50 - 173 BMEP (psi) 12 - 27 Ignition timing (BTDC) 128 - 153 ICWT (F) TM 36 - 95 WKI 180 - 241 JWT (F) Bhp Prediction Accuracy: 64 Bhp ( 4.6% at rated load of 1380 Bhp @ 1200 Rpm)

GSI Column 4 Result Sample Calculation IMP IMT EXH O2 TIMING WKI RPM ALTITUDE 17 17 BHP 13.7 129 0.40 24 94.3 1200 800 1380

794GSI Column 4 Result Sample Calculation BHP IMT EXH O2 TIMING WKI RPM ALTITUDE -0.4 -0.4 IMP 1380 129 0.40 24 94.3 1200 800 13.7

BRAKE HORSEPOWER PREDICTING FORMULA -- VHP 7044GSI Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Parameter (User Inputs) Multiplier Intake Manifold Pressure (Inches Hg gauge) x 45.990 = Intake Manifold Temperature (F) x -1.368 = Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) x -58.047 = Ignition Timing (BTDC) x 10.632 = Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) x -2.811 = Engine Speed (RPM) x 1.060 = Altitude (ft) x -0.04599 = Intercept 1.00 x 104.939 = Calculated BHP = This formula for the VHP 7044GSI gas engine is based on the following data ranges: (-13.8) - 15.6 IMP (in Hg) 700 - 1200 Engine Speed (Rpm) 115 - 143 IMT (F) 444 - 1843 BHP 0.16 - 1.56 Exhaust O2 ( % dry) 50 - 173 BMEP (psi) 12 - 27 Ignition timing (BTDC) 130 - 150 ICWT (F) TM WKI 37 - 94 180 - 240 JWT (F)

Column 4 Result

105 105

Bhp Prediction Accuracy is 84 Bhp ( 5.0% on power at a rated load of 1680 Bhp @ 1200 Rpm)

INTAKE MANIFOLD PRESSURE PREDICTING FORMULA -- VHP 7044GSI Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Parameter (User Inputs) Multiplier Brake Horsepower (BHP) x 0.022 = Intake Manifold Temperature (F) x 0.030 = Exhaust Oxygen (% dry) x 1.262 = Ignition Timing (BTDC) x -0.231 = Waukesha Knock IndexTM (WKITM) x 0.061 = Engine Speed (RPM) x -0.023 = Altitude (ft) x 0.001 = Intercept 1.00 x -2.282 = Calculated IMP = This formula for the VHP 7044GSI gas engine is based on the following data ranges: (-13.8) - 15.6 IMP (in Hg) 700 - 1200 Engine Speed (Rpm) 115 - 143 IMT (F) 444 - 1843 BHP 0.16 - 1.56 Exhaust O2 ( % dry) 50 - 173 BMEP (psi) 12 - 27 Ignition timing (BTDC) 130 - 150 ICWT (F) TM WKI 37 - 94 180 - 240 JWT (F)

Column 4 Result

-2.3 -2.3

Bhp Prediction Accuracy is 84 Bhp ( 5.0% on power at a rated load of 1680 Bhp @ 1200 Rpm)

Sample Calculation IMP IMT EXH O2 TIMING WKI RPM ALTITUDE BHP 12.2 126 0.29 22 94.3 1200 800 1680

Sample Calculation BHP IMT EXH O2 TIMING WKI RPM ALTITUDE IMP 1680 126 0.29 22 94.3 1200 800 12.2