Prelim I. II. AICS School Policies and Standard Operating Procedures General Ethics a. The Study of Ethics b.

. The Human Acts c. The Modifiers of Human Acts d. The End of Human Acts e. The Determinant of Morality f. The Forms of Morality

Mindterm g. Values & Theories h. Filipino Values i. Man as Person Special Ethics a. Right of Duties b. Love of God c. Love of Oneself d. Problem of Biothics

III.

Final e. f. g. h. i. Work of Ethics Love of Neighbor Marriage Family Love of Country

Environmental Ethics

Ethics Characteristics belonging to a man as a rational being evolved intellectually and free-willed Characteristic way of acting Derived from the Greek word Ethos Ethos includes mannerism, religion, politics, laws and social aspiration as a group of people.

Ethos as a man is revealed in the following 1. He is able to distinguish good from bad, right and wrong, and moral and immoral. 2. He feels within himself an obligation to do what is good and to avoid what is evil. 3. He feels himself accountable for his actions, expecting reward or punishment for them.

Man is endowed by nature with a moral sense. Hes self conscious of his dignity and submits to the duty of doing what is good and avoiding what is wrong. This man is expected of man that he conduct himself according to dictates of reason.

Human Acts- are the manifestation of ones character or moral conduct. A person who has the habit on inclination to do well is said to be virtuous. On contrary, one who has the habit of doing a wrong is vicious. IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS ETHICS- is an indispensable knowledge without moral perception man is only an animal without morality, man is rational being is failure. TWO ETHICAL SYSTEMS 1. ATHEISTIC- approach assume that only matter exists and that man is responsible only to himself once there is no God who creates and rule the universe. ATHEISTIS PRINCIPLE 1. Matter is only reality. 2. Man is matter and does not have spiritual dimension. 3. Man is free and must exercise his freedom to promote the welfare of society. 4. There is no life after death. 5. Man is accountable only to the state. 2. THEISTIC- approach begins with the assumption that God is supreme law giver. Everything must conform to God eternal plan of creation. THEISTIC PRICIPLE 1. God is the supreme creator and law giver. 2. Man is free and must use his freedom to promote his personal and social interests along with his fellowmen.

KINDS OF HUMAN ACTS Human acts are either elicited acts or commanded acts. Elicited acts are those perform by the will and not bodily externalized. 1. WISH- is the tendency of the will towards something, whether this is realizable or not. 2. INTENTION- is the tendency of the will towards something attainable but without necessarily committing oneself to obtain it. 3. CONSENT- is the acceptance of the will of those needed to carry out the intention. 4. ELECTION- is the selection of the will of those means effective enough to carry out the intention. 5. USE- is the command of the will to make use of those means elected to carry out the intention. 6. FRUITION- is the enjoyment of the will derived from the attainment of the thing he had desired earlier. Commanded acts are those done either by means mental or bodily powers under the command of the will, commanded acts are either internal or external movements. MORAL DISTINCTION Dictates of reason- refers to the shared consciousness of people about the propriety of the certain action or manners of the behavior it shows what is permissible in a given action is the best option as a matter of facts. 1. MORAL ACTIONS- are those actions which are in conformity with the norms of morality. They are good actions and are permissible. 2. IMMORAL ACTIONS- are those actions which are not on conformity with the norm of morality. They are bad or evil and are not permissible. 3. AMORAL ACTIONS- are those actions which stand neutral in relation to the norm of the morality. They are neither good nor bad in themselves but certain amoral actions may become good or bad because of the circumstances attendant to them. EXTRINSIC & INTINSIC EVIL The relation of actions to the norm of morality is either intrinsic or extrinsic. Something is intrinsic to a thing when it is integral to nature of the thing. The sweetness of a mango fruit is extrinsic, but the apple a mango to a particular person is extrinsic that such quality is not integral element of it as fruit. Some actions are intrinsically evil because of their nature is defective by excess of certain attribute.

Some other actions are extrinsically evil because certain factor attained to them by way of circumstances render them oppose to the norm of morality. Extrinsic- outer/ outside apperance3 Intrinsic- inner

VOLUNTARINESS- referring to the will, it is essential act. 1. PERFECT VOLUNTARINESS- is present in a person who fully knows and intends an act. 2. IMPERFECT VOLUNTARINESS- is present in a person who acts without fully realizing what he means to do; on without intending the acts. 3. CONDITIONAL VOLUNTARINESS- is present in a person who is force by circumstances beyond his control to perform an act which he called not do under normal condition. 4. SIMPLE VOLUNTARINESS- it is present in a person doing an without willfully, regardless of whether he likes to do it or not. It is either positive or negative. MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS 1. IGNORANCE- is the absent of knowledge which a person cough to posses ignorance is either visible or invisible. a. VINCIBLE IGNORANCE- can be easily reminded to ordinary diligence and reasonable effects. b. INVISIBLE IGNORANCE- is the type which a person posses without aware of it, or having awareness of it. 2. PASSIONS OR CONCUPISENCE- either tendencies towards desirable, object or tendencies away from undesirable or harmful thing. 3. FEAR- is the disturbance of the mind of a person who is confronted by intending danger to harm himself or love ones. 4. VIOLENCE- refers to any physical force extended on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling to act against its will. 5. HABITS- defined is a lasting readiness and facility born frequently repeated acts, for acting I a certain manner. TYPES OF VOLUNTARINESS 1. DIRECT VOLUNTARINESS- accompanies an act primarily intended by the doer either has an end in itself or means to achieve something else. Example: eating- carried on voluntariness go to school. 2. INDIRECT VOLUNTARINESS- accompanies an act or situation which is the mere result of a directly willed act. Getting a failed mark is indirectly voluntary on the part of the student who has willingly neglected to study.

The ends of Human Acts Kinds of Ends The End of the doer Ultimate End desired for its own sake Remote End Intermediate End you do all the things to complain all your goals

Midterm Human values are ideas, actions, habits or experiences that contribute to the promotion of human life. Since values are not equal in the world, the conduct of a person depends largely on his wise choice of values. Man is not a mere animal; he is a person. No other corporal substance is a person, only Man is. Man is a person because he has the gift of intellect and will. We often refer to a persons self as ego. Value is intimately related to the search for meaning when Man has found something capable for arousing his commitment to it. Something deserving of his best efforts, something worth giving for, and of need be worth dying for. It had been said that the va lues are the good mans striving; which purpose is to make human existence meaningful and to achieve the complete fulfillment of Mans personality as individual and as a part of community. Values enable man to change to establish self-control and self-direction.

KINDS OF VALUES according to the level of human life. 1. Biological values necessary to the physical survival of man a. Life and health b. Food and shelter c. Work 2. Social values necessary for several needs and fulfillment Ex. The consumption of food is value in itself, but overeating is abuse of food, therefore a disvalue. So is deprivation of food to eat because of loftiness like hunger strike in protest of human rights violation

CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN VALUES 1. GOOD - has intrinsic qualities of desirability 2. UNIVERSAL appeals to man as men and as a specific individual 3. OBLIGATORY comes as natural query because possession of them is expected as an integrated quality to man as rational creature directed natural towards truth, beauty and goodness.

OTHER VALUES 1. Religious values pertains to mans relationship with God. 2. Cultural values those man shares with others in a given community of a person sharing spiritual, kinship and directing their attention to definite ideals of behavior. 3. Social Values those that are necessary for the promotion of human society as a whole integrating, the motivation and interest of members towards the common goal on objective.

CHOOSING OUR VALUES 1. Permanent or lasting values must be preferred our temporary or perishable values- education over courtship. 2. Values favored by a greater number of people must be preferred over those that appeal only to a fewdiscipline over personal freedom. 3. Values that are essential must be preferred over those that are accidental- health over beauty. 4. Values that give greater satisfaction must be preferred over those that provide short lived pleasures - pursuing your artistic hobby over financial devotion to a movie star. GOD THE HIGHEST VALUE God is Goddess, the perfect good. He is the Summum Bonum, the ultimate and absolute God that will fulfill all human desires. FILIPINO VALUES Values are universal shared by all people. What we call FILIPINO VALUES are those given emphasis in the culture and, tradition of the Filipinos UGALING PILIPINO. Filipino values are those derived from our culture or way of life, from distinctive way of becoming human in this particular and time. Examples: Pananalig sa maykapal, comes from the belief that God is the supreme creator. The values

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FINALS BASIC DUTIES OF WORKERS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Work honesty and comply all agreements. Never injure capital, nor steal from the employer. Never outrange the person of the employer. Never employ deceit nor violence in presenting a cause; Never consort with agitator or men of evil principles.

BASIC DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Respect the human dignity of employer. Appreciate their work. Never threat them as slaves for making money; Never assign task beyond their strength, do not employ them in work not suited to their age or sex. Give them commensurate wage. Provide for their health and social religion. Provide their time for practice of their money wisely. Instruct them to love their family. Provide them with the opportunities for promotion.

Neighbor is every person of oneself: parents, Relatives, friends, acquaintances, classmates, employees, superior and servants. Even those we regard as our enemies remain neighbors whom we ought to love and respect. PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBORLY RELATION Do not unto under what you do not want to be done to you. love your neighbor as yourself. DIFFERENT APPLICATION OF JUSTICE Justice as the firm and control will to give each his due- means giving to one his own or his rights. TYPES OF JUSTICE 1. COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE- regulates and harmonizes the exercise of rights between man and woman. It covers private person as well as juridical persons to render to each other according to the principle of give and take. 2. DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE- regulates the exercise of rights between the individual and the community upon the individual members. 3. h