5/6/2013

Physics 122 A & D

Lecture 15:
RC Circuits

Exam 2 Thursday 5:00 pm

Draft Topics to be Posted Revised Topics & Equations Will Be Posted Soon Seat Assignments Coming Wednesday

WebAssign HW 5 Due 10 pm Wednesday Wednesday is Also Review Day

So Bring Your Questions for Discussion

Kirchhoffs Rules
Junction Rule:
At Any Junction in a Circuit, the Net Current Entering the Junction Must Equal the Net Current Leaving the Junction. I I
in out

Comes From Conservation of Electric Charge

Loop Rule:
The Sum of Changes in Potential (Voltage) Around Any Closed Path Through a Circuit Must Equal Zero. V 0
i

Comes From Conservation of Energy

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Sign Conventions*
Mine, Opposite SmartPhysics!

Rules for Changes in Potential (Voltage Drops)

Circuit Element Battery Symbol Voltage Loop Direction & Sign

Capacitor

Resistor

I
3

Example Circuit
Finishing Up Worksheet from Last Time

Clicker Q1

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Q1: What is the Current Through the 50 Resistor? A. B. C. D. E. F. 0.17 A 0.12 A 0.060 A 0.033 A 0.00 A None of These

Clicker Q2

Q2: What is the Magnitude of Voltage Across the Capacitor?

A. B. C. D. E. F.

15 V 9. 0 V 6. 0 V 3. 0 V 0. 0 V None of These

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Todays SmartPhysics Results

PreLecture:
How Does Current Flow thru a Capacitor: 54% Voltage at t = 6s From V at t = 2s: 57%

Checkpoint:
Initial V Across Capacitor: 69% Final V Across Capacitor : 73% Initial Discharge Current in R: 42% Final V Across Capacitor, Both Switches: 39% Time Constants for 2 Circuits: 76% Charge Remaining for 2 Circuits: 44%

Your Concerns: Where the e Came From, The Upcoming Exam, This is Useless.
7

RC Circuits
Transient Behavior (While Capacitors are Charging or Discharging)
Initial Current is Large Charge or Discharge Current Dies Exponentially Characterized by Time Constant = RC

I (t )

I0 e

Charge or Discharge Voltage Behavior Differs Charge: Voltage Builds From Initial Zero Discharge: Voltage Dies Out from Initial Maximum Still Characterized by Time Constant = RC
8

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RC Discharge
Apply Kirchhoffs Rules At an Instant (t )
Discharge:
Initial Values Q(0) =Q0 V(0) = V0, and I(0) = I0

+
Q(t ) , I (t ) C
t

I
dQ(t ) dt RC
t t

Vcap (t ) I (t ) R dQ(t ) dt Q(t ) RC 0

0, Vcap (t )

Q(t ) Q0e
Vcap (t ) Q(t ) C V0 e R
t

,
Q0 e C I0 e

V0 e

I (t )

dQ(t ) dt

Q0 e RC

RC Charging
Same Approach for Charging:
Initial Values Q(0) = 0 V(0) = 0, and I(0) = I0

I
dQ(t ) dt RC
t

V0 dQ(t ) dt

I (t ) R Vcap (t ) Q(t ) RC V0 R

0, Vcap (t )

Q(t ) , I (t ) C
t

Q(t ) CV0 1 e
t

Vcap (t ) I (t ) dQ(t ) dt

Q(t ) CV0 1 e C C CV0 t V0 t e e RC R

Clicker Q3

V0 1 e I0 e
t

10

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Q3: A 100 F Capacitor Charged to 12 Volts is Discharged Through a 5000 Resistor. What Charge Q Remains After 1.0 s ? A. B. C. D. E. 1.20 10-3 C 4.41 10-4 C 1.62 10-4 C 5.97 10-5 C Cannot be Determined

11

Power in RC Circuits
Power is Always Current x Voltage
Battery:
t

V (t ) V0 , I (t ) P V (t ) P IV
Resistor:

I0 e
t

I 0V0e

RI (t ), I (t ) IV
2 RI 0 e 2t

I0 e

Capacitor:

V (t ) V0 1 e P IV
Clicker Q4

t t

, I (t ) 1 e

I0 e
t

I 0V0e

12

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Q4: What Feature of This Graph Shows the Energy Stored in the Capacitor? A. Green Curve

B. C. D. E. F. G.

Blue Curve Blue Curve Slope Green Curve Slope Area Under Blue Curve Area Under Green Curve None - Energy Not Shown Here
Clicker Q5 13