LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

UNIT OPERATIONS GENERATING TDS Beam house operations Tanyard operations Dyehouse oerations

MEASURES ADOPTED TO REDUCE TDS Effluent treatment system Present leather processing technology Process technology for tomorrow

50000 50000 50000 45000 45000 45000 40000 40000 40000 35000 35000 35000 30000 30000 30000 25000 25000 25000 20000 20000 20000 15000 15000 15000 10000 10000 10000 5000 5000 5000 0 0 0
Soaking Soaking Soaking Liming Liming Liming Deliming Deliming Deliming Pickling Pickling Pickling Cr Tanning Cr CrTanning Tanning Neutn. Neutn. Neutn. Dye&Fat Dye&Fat Dye&Fat

TDS TDS (ppm) TDS(ppm) (ppm)

T D S GENERATION
LERIG 2004 CLRI C KALYANAM & CO

SOAKING Problems
Huge Huge volume volume of of wastewater wastewater High High level level of of TDS TDS High High level level of of Chloride Chloride

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

SOAKING Solutions
Evaporation Evaporation - viable viable solution solution Solar Solar Evaporation Evaporation - not not a a complete complete solution solution

Mechanical evaporation - high high operating operating cost cost Mechanical evaporation
Accelerated Accelerated Evaporation Evaporation - Viable Viable Suspended Suspended Solids Solids need need to to be be removed removed Wet Wet air air Oxidation Oxidation - Viable Viable and and effective effective

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

LIMING Problems
Use Use of of Lime Lime and and Sulfide Sulfide Pulping Pulping or or Burning Burning of of Hair Hair

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

LIMING Solutions
Lime Lime with with low low sludge sludge Sulfide Sulfide free free // Less Less sulfide sulfide Enzyme Enzyme Process Process Hair Hair Saving Saving Process Process

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

PICKLING Problems
High High Chloride Chloride High High TDS TDS

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

PICKLING Solutions
Pickle Pickle free free Process Process Pickling Pickling liquor liquor Recycling Recycling

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

CHROME TANNING Problems

High High TDS TDS Significant Significant level level of of Chromium Chromium High High Sulfate Sulfate

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

CHROME TANNING Solutions

Enhancing Enhancing the the uptake uptake Direct Direct Chrome Chrome Liquor Liquor recycling recycling Recycling Recycling and and Reuse Reuse

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

WETFINISHING Problems
Poor Poor Exhaustion Exhaustion Neutral Neutral salt salt content content

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

WETFINISHING Solutions

Auxiliaries Auxiliaries with with better better exhaustion exhaustion levels levels Liquid Liquid auxiliaries auxiliaries

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

GENERAL Problem
High High fluctuations fluctuations in in pH pH level level - responsible responsible for for

salt results high salt formation formation -results high TDS TDS

Solution
Close Close range range pH pH profile profile process process

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
Soaking Soaking Soaking Liming Liming Liming Deliming Deliming Deliming Pickling Pickling Pickling Cr Tanning Cr CrTanning Tanning Neutn. Neutn. Neutn. Dye&Fat Dye&Fat Dye&Fat

Wastewater Wastewater (L Kg) Wastewater(L (L///Kg) Kg)

WASTEWATER GENERATION
LERIG 2004 CLRI C KALYANAM & CO

SOAKING

Counter Counter Current Current Soaking Soaking

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

LIMING

Paste Paste or or Paint Paint Liming Liming for for unhairing unhairing Reuse Reuse of of reliming reliming liquor liquor

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

DELIMING
Reuse Reuse of of Deliming Deliming and and Washing Washing liquor liquor Reuse Reuse of of Pickling Pickling liquor liquor

PICKLING CHROME TANNING

Reuse Reuse of of Chrome Chrome tan tan liquor liquor

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO

WETFINISHING
One One bath bath process process - water minimization minimization

LERIG 2004 CLRI

C KALYANAM & CO