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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Objective
At the conclusion of this presentation the student will describe and identify: Safety precautions when using test equipment Analog Multimeters Digital Multimeters How to connect a voltmeter to a circuit to measure voltage How to connect an ammeter to a circuit to measure current How to connect an ohmmeter to measure resistance The student will be able to: Read voltage from an analog voltmeter Read current from an analog ammeter Read resistance from an analog ohmmeter
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Each of the above may be used to represent either an ammeter (A), a voltmeter (V), or an ohmmeter ()
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Measuring a Resistor
Remove power if necessary and isolate the component from the circuit under test
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The analog voltmeter and ammeter must be connected to the circuit with proper polarity to avoid damaging the meter movement The ohmmeter may only be used on unenergized components
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Voltage Measurements
To measure voltage, the voltmeter is placed in parallel across the component; that is, one lead is place on each side of the component Set an analog ammeter to the highest range when measuring an unknown voltage Then switch to the next lowest rage until maximum deflection of the pointer is obtained while remaining on the scale
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Current Measurements
To measure current, the ammeter must be placed in series with the component; that is, it must be in line with the current path Usually, power is removed from the circuit before connecting or removing the ammeter Set an analog ammeter to the highest range when measuring an unknown current Then switch to the next lowest rage until maximum deflection of the pointer is obtained while remaining on the scale
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Resistance Measurements
To measure resistance If necessary circuit power must be removed Usually at least one lead of the component must be removed from the circuit the ohmmeter is connected across a component
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Example 1
Assume that the VOM shown is on the AC/DC 6 V scale. What is the reading?
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Example 1 Solution
Assume that the VOM shown is on the AC/DC 6 V scale. What is the reading?
4.5 V
Note that the reading is made on the 60 V scale and the user places the decimal.
5
MS OH
20
4
150 30 6
10
OH M
50
1k
50 10
100 20 4
2
5 2 1
4
200 40 8
20 8 4
1
25 50 0 10
10 4 2
2
0
A DC C AM A C PS 0 dB 0 m 0
25 10 5
10
11 d B
0 C 30 0 A C 6 D 12 AC PS M 30 A 12 6
20
10
ANALOG MULTIMETER
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Example 2
Assume that the VOM shown is on the AC AMPS 3 A scale. What is the reading?
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Example 2 Solution
Assume that the VOM shown is on the AC AMPS 3 A scale. What is the reading? Note that the reading is made on the 30 A AC
1.25 A
MS OH
20
10
4 150 30 6
OH M 1
25 50 0 10
50
1k
50 10
100 20 4
2
5 2 1
4
200 40 8
20 8 4
10 4 2
2
0
A DC C AM A C PS 0 dB 0 m 0
25 10 5
10
11 d B
0 C 30 0 A C 6 D 12 AC PS M 30 A 12 6
20
10
ANALOG MULTIMETER
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Example 3
When you change resistance scales on a VOM, what must first be done before measuring a resistor?
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Example 3 Solution
When you change resistance scales on a VOM, what must first be done before measuring a resistor? Zero the meter by shorting the leads together and adjusting the Zero Adjust control.
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Example 4
Assume that the VOM shown is on the x100 scale. What is the reading?
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Problem 4 Solution
Assume that the VOM shown is on the x100 scale. What is the reading?
340
Note that the reading is made on the scale and the user multiplies the reading by 100.
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