Specify the type of implementation that will be suitable for both (Packet and circuit switching) Ans: Packet

switching that support data and circuit switch that support audio Which device can you use to identify the defective network adapter? ANS: Protocol analyzer You are designing a 100-Mbps network. Which media should you use? Ans. UTP cable Find the relation between the following terms (B.W, Data bit rate , and Frequency)
B.W Capacity of the channel B/S Media Data bit rate Data transferee B/s Signal Frequency Changing of the signal per unit time Cycle / S Signal (analog or digital)

Which of the following has more great impact rather other to improve network performance? (Adding more ram, increasing processor speed, and, segmentation of the network). Ans segment the network) Specify the parameters must be considered in designing the network Ans : Nature of the application , Area , and no of nodes) For a given LAN with 6 nodes which of them can work as a Server ? Any one can work as a server when it response for a request For a given LAN calculate the time required to transmit ( 2 M Byte file), Assume the transmission environment will be one of the following ( [i] Coax cable with (10 MbPS ) [ii] Multimode Fiber optic (600 MbPS , [iii] Radio wave (2 MbPS) ) Then state which of them will be preferable Which of the following Net types can be implemented as Server based (and why) (i) Star (ii) Bus (iii)tree Ans : All of them can be implemented as server based
Q1- A) What is the main objective of the networking, and then specify the advantages of achieving such objective?

Objective : Sharing of resources: Adv: Reducing Cost , Flexibility, Decentralization

Q1- B) Computer network can be categorized based on to set of characteristics; state 5 of these Characteristics, then give some examples?

(Area, sharing of information, data transferee, topology)

Q1- C)When circuit switching is used, how many users can be supported? Explain.

Based on the No of the available No Sw

Q1- D)Name the Topology that offers the highest level of redundancy (topology of the internet) , then state its main features

Mesh
Q1- E) In internetworking concepts what is meant by scalability and reliability? Q1- F) What does segmentation provide to communication? High

link Utilization Q1- G) What is one way to improve security? Restrict server access,
Q1- H) A system has an n-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length M Bytes. At each of the layers, an h byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth used by the application is wasted on headers

Fraction = ( nh / M + nh)

Q2-A) Which of the following Net types can be implemented as (a) Star (b) Bus (i) LAN (ii) Man (iii)WAN

Star and Bus for LAN (i.e is physical topology for LAN)
Q2-B) Which of the following Net types can be implemented as Server based (and why)Star (ii) Bus (iii)tree

ALL
Q2-C) An image is 1024 x 768 pixels with 3 bytes/pixel. Assume the image is uncompressed. How long does it take to transmit it over a 56-kbps modem channel? Over a 1-Mbps cable modem? Over a 10-Mbps Ethernet? Over 100-Mbps Ethernet?

Recognize the mean of the bPS , Bit and Byte

Q2-D) Find the relation between of the following terms Node and host Sever and services Socket and Port IP V4 IPv6 TCP and UDP Data, Segment, datagram, Packet, frame Q2-E) List two applications for which a connection oriented protocol would make sense and two applications for which a connection-less protocol would make the most sense. E-Mail and File transfer Q2-F)What is the purpose of a sequence number ? Used

in reassemble segments at transport layer Q2-G) What are TCP sequence numbers used for? No generated at sender for the original segment
Q3-A)Name the following "amount of data that can be transmitted before TCP ACK must be received". Then specify the different parameters must be considered to calculate it. Is this value can vary between sender and receiver

Windows
Q3-B) Which the OSI layer responsible for name recognition, security logins, and synchronization of the connection?

Session
Q2-C) Your IP address is 135.72.14.43/16 . What portion of this IP address identifies your network ID?

135.72
Q2-D)What are the important fields in the TCP, UDP, and IP headers? Without these fields, the protocols would clearly not work.

TCP = ports #s, seq/ack #s, flags, checksum, and windows size UDP = port #s and checksum IP = addresses, checksum for header
Q2-E) Which of the OSI layers handles each of the following:

Layer 2 (b) Determining which route through the subnet to use Layer 3
(a) Dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames. Q2-F) What are the unique roles of layer2, layer3, and layer 4 addresses? layer2 Physical Add, layer3 Logical Add, and layer4 port Add Q2-G) Why is there at least one IP address per network interface and not one IP address per host

Q1-A) Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks

Q1-B) Why is there at least one IP address per network interface and not one IP address per host

Network must accessed by one Add , on the other hand some host may be member in two network
PDU has a different name to reflect its new appearance. If this right explain, and give a mathematical model to represent ur explanation.

Data - at the Application layer Segment - Transport Layer its value is Data +Transport Layer Header Packet - Internetwork Layer its value is segment +Tnetwrok Layer Header Frame

Bits - A PDU used when physically data over the medium its value is - Network Access Layer PDU + header at physical layer
In the following figure 1Mbps IP phone, FTP share 1.5 Mbps link. bursts of FTP can congest router, cause audio packets to be excessively delayed or lost; suggest new router policy needed to treat packets accordingly.

Adding a field to distinguish between audio and data

Dividing the network message is preferred than transferring the message as a one unit. If this right Specify the parameters that considered when the network message fragmented into packet.

Right , where that will improve the reliability , the BW must be consider when decomposing the transferred data
Using of Packet switched transferee mode can help in improving the link utilization? If this right specify?

Right where the date will transferred via any open link
Find the relation between (Communication schema, LAN Access method, and shared channel access control)

All of them are have the same meaning

What are the differences between the following terms (Node, host, and workstation)

Node : any computerized dev Host the any nod has shared data Ws any node machine that will allow users access to a LAN and its resources
List the different ways for increasing the speed of the LAN systems , Then Discuss the effect of such increasing on an LAN Network which used the following access methods (CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA , Time slot, token passing)

Using of High BW Shared Channel , Increasing the No of link Increasing of the speed in the case of CSMA will lead to increasing the chance of collision while it will improve the performance
Suppose that you had to design a 100 Mbps CSMA/CD protocol in which the maximum one-way propagation delay between any two hosts is 10 0 Micro S. What will you use as the minimum size of a transmitted frame if you wish the transmitting node to detect a collision before completing the transmission of the frame?

Max size = Data Bit Rate (size/time) * Time (i.e. (100 *106) * (10 -6) )
Consider a token ring network, in which the token-holding time is T, i.e., a station is allowed to transmit for time T each time it captures the token. Let D be the time it takes for the token to make one complete rotation around the ring when all stations are idle. What is the efficiency of this network when only one station is transmitting? Ignore overheads associated with the token length and the processing delays in the transmitting station.

Efficiency = time of usage / total time = T/D+T *100

When comparing optical fiber and satellite communications: i) Which is more secure? optical fiber i) Which is simpler to implement in a point-to-multipoint configuration? optical fiber ii) Which is quicker to deploy and provides more flexibility for network reconfiguration? satellite A system has an n-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length M Bytes. At each of the layers, an h byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth used by the application is wasted on headers? Fraction = ( nh / M + nh)

At any given instant, assuming normal operation on a token-ring LAN, how many tokens may be circulating on the ring? ONE
For a given LAN with 6 nodes which of them can work as a Server ?

Answer :Any one can work as a server when it response for a request
Explain why a doubling of the speed of the systems Which based on CSMA/CD may result in decreased network performance. What changes could be made to ameliorate the problem?

Answer: Faster systems may be able to send more packets in a shorter amount of time. The network would then have more packets traveling on it, resulting in more collisions, and therefore less throughput relative to the number of packets being sent. More networks can be used, with fewer systems per network, to reduce the number of collisions. You are designing a 100-Mbps network. Which media should you use? Ans. UTP cable
Give one reason why a telecommunications company might choose to send data using microwave transmission?

Answer : Security and there is no another alternative

For a given LAN with 6 nodes which of them can work as a Server ?

Answer :Any one can work as a server when it response for a request You have a main office and 3 branches. Each branch has 2 floors. Each floor has a cable length requirement up to 150 meters. Each branch is 20 miles away from main office. Your job is to link the main office and 3 branches together. There are two proposal (I ) LANs can talk to each other within a branch (II) LANs can talk to the main office. For Each solution specify (i) The most suitable shared channel , and required devices within each branch and between branches (ii) Draw the physical structure of the generated network in each case and give it a suitable name Ans: Proposed solution: Link each branch to main office with fibre optics (doesn't say single mode or multi mode fibre). On each floor use an active hub with UTP cable. Link active hubs together on these 2 floors (doesn't say what to link) in each branch
List the 8 different computerized devices which may be appearing in the network? Based no the area network categorization classify the following networks (Internet, small office in one floor, 3 machine at your office, and communication system that support GIS for recent cars) A network diagram is a schematic depicting the nodes and connections amongst nodes in a computer network or, Give 4 slandered symbols which are used in such diagram. State the most important issues which may be considered for using of Switch instead of Hub? Then compare between them? Use the following terms in comparison (OSI layer, routing function, speed, and internetworking)

Convert the following binary IP address to 10110110 11110111 10110100 00100000 (a) Hexadecimal, and (b) Dotted decimal notation Which of the OSI layers handles each of the following:

(a) Dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames. (b) Determining which route through the subnet to use Given the IP address 200.1.1.130 and the mask 255.255.255.224, what are the assignable IP addresses in this subnet? What command displays the addresses configured on your PC? What the difference between: a. IP address and MAC address. b. Switch and hub. c. BNC connector and RJ- 45 connector d. Straight through and cross over cables. e. UTP and STP. f. Two wire open and twisted pair cables. For a given LAN calculate the time required to transmit ( 2 M Byte file), Assume the transmission environment will be one of the following ( [i] Coax cable with (10 MbPS ) [ii] Multimode Fiber optic (600 MbPS , [iii] Radio wave (2 MbPS) ) Then state which of them will be preferable How many IP addresses could be assigned in each subnet of 220.8.7.0, assuming that a mask of 255.255.255.240 is used? If the same mask is used for all subnets, how many subnets are there? Name the parts of an IP address. Given the IP address 200.1.1.130 and the mask 255.255.255.224, what is the subnet number? Given the IP address 134.141.7.11 and the mask 255.255.255.0, what is the subnet broadcast address?