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BY PAUL AYERS
A COURSE FOR INTERNATIONAL PAPER EMPLOYEES
WELCOME TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE SAFETY TRAINING Hydrogen Sulfide is the most treacherous gas found at our IP facilities. It is treacherous because it cannot be seen, cannot be smelled in high concentrations, and it can kill you.
This course is designed to help you learn to work safely where hydrogen sulfide may be present. To that end, this course will help you learn to
Identify important characteristics of H2S, including its role in the papermaking processes at IP facilities Recognize how H2S poses a significant safety hazard to IP employees Recognize how and where H2S may be released at an IP work environment Identify necessary PPE protections for H2S Identify correct responses to a hydrogen sulfide release
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System Feedback
Information about page topics is found in the header section of the page. Information about course progression is provided at the bottom of the page.
Course Practice
This course has two self checks to alert you to the kinds of questions in the final quiz for the course.
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HYDROGEN SULFIDEWHAT IS IT? Hydrogen Sulfide, or H2S, is a simple molecule that can be formed under many different conditions. Often known as sour gas or rotten egg smell, most humans are able to smell hydrogen sulfide in concentrations of less than .01 parts per million.
Hydrogen Sulfide is produced when two atoms of Hydrogen are combined with on atom of Sulfide, the element found in sulfur. H2S is produced naturally when organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps or sewers. It is also present in volcanic gases, natural gas, and some well water.
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Hydrogen Sulfide is also formed as part of the chemistry of pulp and paper making activities at IP mills.
Kraft pulping the process used in almost all of the worlds paper mills is based on sulfur compounds and caustic soda. These chemicals, along with pressure and steam, convert wood chips into pulp. The process of conversion, produces a caustic by-product called liquor.
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HYDROGEN SULFIDE AT INTERNATIONAL PAPER (CONTD) In addition to sulfur compounds and caustic soda, acids are also necessary for the kraft pulp process.
Acids are use to produce bleaching chemicals, demineralize boiler water, conduct maintenance and cleaning operations, and to convert black liquor soap to tall oil. Acids are also use to adjust the pH of the paper machine furnish.
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HYDROGEN SULFIDE AT INTERNATIONAL PAPER (CONTD) H2S and other non-condensable gases form during the normal chemical and recovery processes at IP facilities.
The chief danger for H2S exposure, however, comes from the accidental combination of acids and pulp liquors (black, green, or white). In fact, the leading cause of H2S releases in the paper mill environment is the accidental mixing of acids and pulping liquors.
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SELF CHECK QUESTION Read the following question and select the best answer from those listed. You will be provided feedback on your answers. Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a byproduct of paper making processes. True False
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SELF CHECK RIGHT You are Correct! Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a byproduct of paper making processes.
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SELF CHECK WRONG Sorry, but that is incorrect. Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a byproduct of paper making processes.
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Signs and Symptoms of Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration (ppm)* .02-30 10 20 30-50 50 70-150 200 300-500 1000 5000 + Duration ---------------Several hours 8 hours Several minutes 10 minutes, once per 8 hours ---------------20 minutes Less than 20 minutes Less than 1 minute Instantly Effects Odor of rotten eggs Eye, nose, throat irritation; nausea; headache; sleep disturbance; shortness of breath OSHA ceiling (maximum) allowable Odor disappears; loss of sense of smell OSHA maximum peak above the allowable ceiling Burning in eyes; headache; dizziness; nausea Increased dizziness, may lead to unconsciousness Unconsciousness, may lead to respiratory paralysis and death Unconsciousness, respiratory paralysis, death Unconsciousness, respiratory paralysis, death
Note: At 30 ppm, the sense of smell is damaged. 20 ppm for 8 hours is the OSHA limit.
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Personal H2S monitors can be set for different H2S level settings. When using a personal H2S monitor, it is also important you are aware of how to access an air-supplied emergency respirator. These types of respirators provide enough forced air to allow you to escape the H2S hazard.
H2S Gas monitors are usually small devices that can be worn easily with other PPE.
Emergency Respirators
Bag Type
Lollipop Type
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Speak with your safety contact about which SCBA is appropriate for your work environment.
Employees who have facial hair that comes into contact with the face piece seal area must not enter an H2S release area, even with an Self Contained Breathing Apparatus.
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Step 1: Open the cylinder valve and listen for low pressure air flow. Kneeling at the end opposite the cylinder valve, grasp the backplate/cylinder with both hands. Lift harness assembly over your head and let straps hang freely; they will fall into place over the elbows. Slide the harness onto your back in the proper position according to the manufacturer's recommended procedure. Page 15/20
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Step 2: Secure the clasps for shoulder straps from your shoulders at your chest. Pull the tag end of the straps until they fit securely and snuggly at your chest. Make certain you are able to freely move your arms at full range of motion. The shoulder straps should not be restrictive. Page 15/20 Back Next
Step 3: To secure the face piece, thrust your chin forward, and place the bottom of the face piece at your chin. Pull the webbing at the top of the face piece over your head until it sits securely.
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Step 4: Secure the head straps for the face piece in the following order:
1. 2. 3. Neck Straps (lower straps on each side of your side) Temple Straps (upper straps on each side of your head) Top Strap (if needed).
Feel around the face seal area to ensure you have no obstruction under the mask such as hair, collar, etc. Page 15/20
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Step 5: Test the seal of the face piece by placing the end of the respirator hose on your hand, and then attempting to inhale. If any air enters the face piece through the face seal, tighten the face piece straps further. If you cannot get the seal for the face piece, get a different SCBA. Page 15/20
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Step 1: Do not rush to the person. Sound the alarm, and get help immediately. Do this FIRST. Let them know help is on the way.
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Step 2: Trained response personnel must put on SCBA (air pack) in all cases. If the rescue is to be in a confined space, do not enter until help arrives. Follow appropriate confined space entry procedures.
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Step 3: Get the victim to fresh air as quickly as possible without endangering yourself or others.
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Step 4: Check for pulse and breathing. Trained response personnel will apply CPR or mouth-tomouth resuscitation as needed until the victim is conscious and breathing normally.
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SELF CHECK QUESTION Read the following question and select the best answer from those listed. You will be provided feedback on your answers. When you find someone who has been injured by Hydrogen Sulfide gas, the first thing you should do is rush to the person. True False
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SELF CHECK RIGHT You are Correct! You should never rush to a person who is down from inhaling H2S gas. You should sound the alarm immediately so others who are prepared for rescues with SCBA can rescue the person. Click on the Next button to continue this tutorial.
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SELF CHECK WRONG Sorry, but that is incorrect. You should never rush to a person who is down from inhaling H2S gas. You should sound the alarm immediately so others who are prepared for rescues with SCBA can rescue the person. Click on the Next button to continue this tutorial.
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HYDROGEN SULFIDE TRAINING SUMMARY Congratulations! You have completed this course on Hydrogen Sulfide Safety at International Paper.
As a result of completing this course, you should be able to
Identify important characteristics of H2S, including its role in the papermaking processes at IP facilities Recognize how H2S poses a significant safety hazard to IP employees Recognize how H2S may be released at an IP work environment Recognize areas of IP facilities that have the potential for an H2S release Identify necessary PPE protections for H2S Identify correct responses on your part should there be a hydrogen sulfide release in your area.
Click on the Next button to go to the quiz. Page 19/20 Back Next
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