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Arne Jacobsen
Arne Emil Jacobsen
Born
Died
Nationality Danish Awards Buildings C. F. Hansen Medal (1955) Bellevue Theatre SAS Royal Hotel Aarhus City Hall St Catherine's College Danmarks Nationalbank
Arne Emil Jacobsen (11 February 1902 24 March 1971) was a Danish architect and designer. He is remembered for his contribution to architectural Functionalism as well as for the worldwide success he enjoyed with simple but effective chair designs.[1]
Biography
Early life and education
Arne Jacobsen was born on 11 February 1902 in Copenhagen to upper-middle-class Jewish parents.[citation needed] He first hoped to become a painter but was dissuaded by his father who encouraged him to opt instead for the more secure domain of architecture. After a spell as an apprentice mason, Jacobsen was admitted to the Architecture School at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where from 1924 to 1927 he studied under Kay Fisker and Kaj Gottlob, both leading architects and designers. Still a student, in 1925 Jacobsen participated in the Paris Art Deco fair, Exposition Internationale des Arts Dcoratifs et Industriels Modernes, where he won a silver medal for a chair design. On that trip, he was struck by the pioneering aesthetic of Le Corbusier's L'Esprit Nouveau pavilion. Before leaving the Academy, Jacobsen also travelled to Germany, where he became acquainted with the rationalist architecture of Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius. Their work influenced his early designs including his graduation project, an art gallery, which won him a gold medal. After completing architecture school, he first worked at city architect Poul Holse's architectural practice. In 1929, in collaboration with Flemming Lassen, he won a Danish Architect's Association competition for designing the "House of the Future" which was built full scale at the subsequent exhibition in Copenhagen's Forum. It was a spiral-shaped, flat-roofed house in glass and concrete, incorporating a private garage, a boathouse and a helicopter
Arne Jacobsen pad. Other striking features were windows that rolled down like car windows, a conveyor tube for the mail and a kitchen stocked with ready-made meals. A Dodge Cabriolet Coup was parked in the garage, there was a Chris Craft in the boathouse and an Autogyro on the roof. Jacobsen immediately became recognised as an ultra-modern architect.
Arne Jacobsen
After some years Jacobsen got his career back on track and with projects such as the Allehusene complex from 1952 and his Sholm terraced houses from 1955, he embarked on a more experimental phase. He moved into one of the Sholm houses and lived there until his death. Rdovre Town Hall, built from 1952 to 1956, shows how well Jacobsen combined the use of different materials: sandstone, two types of glass, painted metalwork and stainless steel. It is also noted for its central staircase, suspended from the roof on orange-red steel rods. The sides are cut from 5cm steel plate, painted a dark grey; the steps, only a few millimeters thick, are stainless steel with a rubber coating on the upper side for better grip. The Munkegaard School consists of pavilions connected by glass corridors, arranged in a grid system around small courtyards. It received considerable attention in international school circles and contributed to his growing international reputation.
Large commissions
With the SAS Royal Hotel, built from 1956 to 1960, Jacobsen was given the opportunity to design what has been called "the world's first designer hotel". He designed everything from the building and its furniture and fittings to the ashtrays sold in the souvenir shop and the airport buses. These larger assignments started to attract attention and commissions from abroad. Rdovre Town Hall secured him an invitation for his first competition in Germany which was followed by a number of other German projects. A delegation of Oxford dons visited the SAS Hotel and the Munkegrd School in their search for an architect for St Catherine's College. They were soon convinced he was the right choice for their important commission. Again Jacobsen designed everything, including the garden, down to the choice of fish species for the pond. The dining hall is notable for its Cumberland slate floor. The original college buildings received a Grade I listing on 30 March 1993.
Arne Jacobsen
Arne Jacobsen Arne Jacobsen is noted for his sense of proportion. Indeed, he himself saw this as one of the main features of his work. In an interview he said; "The proportion is exactly what makes the beautiful ancient Egyptian temples [...] and if we look at some of the most admired buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque, we notice that they were all well-proportioned. Here is the basic thing".
Selected works
Architecture
Bellevue Beach, Klampenborg, Denmark (1932) Bellavista residential complex, Klampenborg, Copenhagen (193134) Bellevue Theatre and restaurant, Klampenborg (193536) Skovshoved Petrol Station, Skovshoved, Copenhagen (1936) Stelling House, 6 Gammeltorv, Copenhagen (193437) Sllerd Town Hall (with Flemming Lassen), Sllerd, Copenhagen (193842) rhus City Hall (with Erik Mller), rhus (193942) Sholm I (194650), II and III terraced houses, Klampenborg Rdovre Town Hall, Rdovre, Denmark (195256) Allhusene housing, Gentofte, Copenhagen (1949-1953) Glostrup Town Hall, Glostrup, Copenhagen (1958) Munkegaard School, Copenhagen (1957) SAS Royal Hotel, Copenhagen (195860). Toms Chocolate Factory, Ballerup, Copenhagen (1961) National Bank of Denmark, Copenhagen (196570) Landskrona Sports-Hall, Landskrona, Sweden (1965) St Catherine's College, Oxford, UK (196466) Mainz City Hall, Mainz, Germany (196673) Christianeum School, Hamburg, Germany (197071) HEW Vattenfall Europe, Hamburg, Germany (1970)[2] Royal Danish Embassy, London, UK (197677)[3] Parliament House, Islamabad, Pakistan
St Catherine's College, Oxford-undergraduate rooms and bell-tower-view from west Allhusene housing, Gentofte, 1949-1953
Arne Jacobsen
References
[1] [2] [3] [4] Arne Jacobsen. From Scandinavian Design (http:/ / www. scandinaviandesign. com/ arne_jacobsen/ ). Retrieved 24 January 2010. Believed to have been notably successful. The dates here represent the period of construction only. Christine Keeler Photograph: A Modern Icon - Victoria and Albert Museum (http:/ / www. vam. ac. uk/ collections/ photography/ past_exhns/ seeing/ modern_icon/ )
Literature
Dyssegaard, Sren (ed.); Jacobsen, Arne; Skriver, Poul Erik: Arne Jacobsen, a Danish architect, (translation: Reginald Spink and Bodil Garner), 1971, Copenhagen: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 56 p. ISBN 87-85112-00-3 Jacobsen, Arne: Arne Jacobsen: absolutely modern, 2002, Humlebaek: Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, 96 p. ISBN 87-90029-74-7 Solaguren-Beascoa de Corral, Felix: Arne Jacobsen (Obras y Proyectos / Works and Projects), 1992, Barcelona, Editorial Gustavo Gili, 222 pages. ISBN 84-252-1404-1 Thau, Carsten; Vindum, Kjeld: Arne Jacobsen, 2008, Copenhagen, Arkitektens forlag, 560 p. ISBN 978-87-7407-230-0
External links
Arne Jacobsen portrait and photos of his most important furniture designs (http://www.danish-furniture.com/ designers/arne-jacobsen/) Photos and description of Jacobsen's major work in the UK, St Catherine's College, Oxford (http://www.stcatz. ox.ac.uk/the_college_pages/buildings_and_gardens.htm) Reflections on a Soup Spoon (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/14/arts/14iht-design14.html) by Alice Rawsthorn, International Herald Tribune, May 14 (http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/05/14/arts/ 14iht-design14-pic1.html) 2012 (http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/05/14/arts/ 14iht-design14-pic2.html)
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/