ENGLISH MODULE GRADE XII

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
meaning of the if clause Real in the present Unreal in the present Unreal in the past verb form in the if clause Simple present verb form in the main clause Simple future *will + simple form (verb1) Past future *would + simple form (verb1) Past perfect future *would have + past participle (verb3)

Simple past

Past perfect

Raharjo Yulianto, S.S

Conditional Sentence Type 1 (Real Conditional)

It is possible to fulfill a condition which is given in the if-clause. If clause Main clause will-future or infinitive or Modal + infinitive

Simple Present

Examples 1. If I study, I will pass the exams. 2. If you see John tonight, tell him to e-mail me. 3. If Ben gets up early, he can catch the bus. The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If I study, I will pass the exams. I will pass the exams if I study.

Conditional Sentence Type 2 (Unreal Conditional)

It is theoretically possible to fulfill a condition which is given in the if-clause. If clause Main clause would + infinitive or could + infinitive or might + infinitive

Simple Past

Examples 1. If I studied, I would pass the exams. 2. If I studied, I could pass the exams. 3. If I studied, I might pass the exams. The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If I studied, I would pass the exams. I would pass the exams if I studied. **After if, you can use were instead of was for both singular and plural subjects. If I were you, I would phone her.

English Module. Grade XII. Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentence Type 3 (Unreal Conditional)

It is impossible to fulfill a condition which is given in the if-clause. If clause Main clause would + have + past participle or could + have + past participle or might + have + past participle

Past Perfect

Examples 1. If I had studied, I would have passed the exams. 2. If I had studied, I could have passed the exams. 3. If I had studied, I might have passed the exams. The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If I had studied, I would have passed the exams. I would have passed the exams if I had studied.

Exercise: A. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type I. Only use the will-future in the main clauses. Example: If I __ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to watch) an interesting film. Answer: If I go to the cinema, I will watch an interesting film.
1. If I ______________ (to study), I __________________ (to pass) the exams. 2. If the sun ____________ (to shine), we _____________(to walk) to the town. 3. If he ___________ (to have) a temperature, he _____________ (to see) the doctor. 4. If my friends _____________ (to come), I ______________(to be) very happy. 5. If she_________ (to earn) a lot of money, she _____________(to fly) to New York. 6. If we ___________(to travel) to London, we ______________(to visit) the museums. 7. If you ______________(to wear) sandals in the mountains, you

________________(to slip) on the rocks.

8. If Rita ______________(to forget) her homework, the teacher

_________________(to give) her a low mark.

9. If they ______________(to go) to the disco, they ______________(to listen) to loud

music.
10. If you ____________(to wait) a minute, I _________________(to ask) my parents.

English Module. Grade XII. Conditional Sentences

B. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type II. Example: If I __ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to watch) an interesting film. Answer: If I went to the cinema, I would watch an interesting film.
1. If I 2. If we 3. If Tim and Tom

(to come) home earlier, I (to live) in Rome, Francesco (to be) older, they

(to prepare) dinner. (to visit) us. (to play) in our

hockey team.
4. If he

(to be) my friend, I

(to invite) him to my

birthday party.
5. If Susan

(to study) harder, she

(to be) better at

school.
6. If they

(to have) enough money, they

(to buy) a

new car.
7. If you

(to do) a paper round, you

(to earn) a little

extra money.
8. If Michael

(to get) more pocket money, he

(to ask)

Doris out for dinner.

9. If we 10. If it

(to hurry), we (to rain), Nina

(to catch) the bus. (to take) an umbrella with her.

C. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type III. Example: If I _______ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to watch) an interesting film. Answer: If I had gone to the cinema, I would have watched an interesting film.
1. If the weather

(to be) nice, they

(to play)

football.
2. If we

(to go) to a good restaurant, we

(to

have) a better dinner.

3. If John

(to learn) more words, he

(to

write) a good report.

4. If the boys

(to take) the bus to school, they

(to arrive) on time.

English Module. Grade XII. Conditional Sentences

5. If the teacher

(to explain) the homework, I

(to do) it.

6. If they

(to wait) for another 10 minutes, they (to see) the pop star.

7. If the police

(to come) earlier, they

(to

arrest) the burglar.

8. If you

(to buy) fresh green vegetable, your salad (to taste) better.

9. If Alex

(to ask) me, I

(to email) the

documents.
10. If he

(to speak) more slowy, Peggy

(to understand) him.

D. Put in the verbs in brackets and form Conditional sentences type I or type II. Watch the underlined verb forms. Example: If they learn the poem, they ________ (to get) a good mark. Answer: If they learn the poem, they will get a good mark. 1. If you come with me, I 2. Walter this evening. 3. If it (to rain), I will stay at home. (to learn) the poem by heart. (to buy) a new car. (to do) the shopping with you. (to help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story

4. Our teacher will be happy if we 5. If they had enough money, they 6. We 7. If Pat

(to pass) the exam if we studied harder. (to repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us. (to sell) this old shelf. (to invite) Jack to the party. (to be) fine, the children can walk to school.

8. She would get 100 pounds if she 9. If I was/were you, I 10. If the weather

E. Put in the correct phrases and form a conditional sentence (type I, II, III). Watch the underlined verbs. Example: If he had studied harder, he ________________ (to pass) his driving test. Answer: If he had studied harder, he would have passed his driving test.

English Module. Grade XII. Conditional Sentences

1. If we meet at 9:30, we 2. Lisa would find the milk if she

(to have) plenty of time. (to look) in the fridge. (to

3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she

feed) the animals.

4. If you spoke louder, your classmates 5. Dan 6. You

(to understand) you.

(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly. (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your

homework.
7. If you 8. The door will unlock if you 9. If Mel 10. I

(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold. (to press) the green button. (to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions. (to call) the office if I was/were you.

English Module. Grade XII. Conditional Sentences