Concrete at fresh State

What is expected of fresh Concrete? Concrete. Recall earlier discussion on Compaction, Fresh concrete contains 30% void and seldom confirms to the shape of mould.. Thus while compacted by vibration, fresh concrete must yield easily to deform under shear and shall also flow easily to attain the desired shape, maintaining uniformity and cohesiveness. Thus one may look in to shear stress-strain curve of fresh concrete Flow of Fluid take place against frictional resistance offered by immediate next layer in contact with moving layer and a velocity gradient exists along the trans erse direction of laminar flow; the relevant flow property is viscosity. Cohesiveness concrete shall not segregate and this property is governed by tensile strength of fresh Rheology of Fresh Concrete For Solids Shear Stress is proportional to shear strain For fluids It deforms continuously under shear stress Shear stress is proportional is rate of shear strain (rate of shear deformation) Concrete/Cement paste can stand on a pile suggests that some shear stress is necessary for flow to occur.

Plastic Concrete Plastic concete is considered to be Bingham Fluid

Rate of shear deformations v/s shear stress

Fresh concrete under shear Box shear test..

Process of Liquefaction is easily understood through box shear test results

<Voids are the one which makes the strength loss> <<Ease of compaction is what we required, such ease of compaction defining them in terms of fundamental parameters yield shear stress, viscosity is relatively difficult

Tensile strength of fresh concrete relating to segregation is difficult, and for this empirical properties and empirical terminology is defined as Workability of Fresh Concrete>> Workability of Fresh Concrete is a terminology: One definition is the amount of useful internal work necessary to produce full compaction Useful internal work is the property of concrete alone although some amount of energy is spent in overcoming the friction concrete and formwork of rebar.

Understanding workability in Fundamental Measures & also in Empirical Measures.

Workability can be better understood in three components (Quantifying) 1. Compactibility i.e., Function of Work Done ( StressX strain) ( Tou zero + miu Sigma ) x Shear Strain ( StressX strain) Miu stands for Viscosity Tou is Yield Shear Stress Sigma is normal Stress

2. Mobility : ie., Function of (Viscosity , Yield shear stress and max size of aggregates) 3. Stability: i.e., function of tensile strength ( 1. It should yield and get into new shape, easily deformable , and should also flow a lill bit, it should be cohesive, and should not segregate)

Empirical Measures of Workability: Fresh Concrete Properties Slump, Vee-be or Compaction factor test Yield stress, plastic viscosity Air Content, Pump ability and density

Values of slumps or compacting factor of a given concrete depends on 1. Type of Work 2. The Method of Placing 3. Section Dimension 4. Amount of reinforcement etc .. Decides the above property requirement

Slump Test : Developed in 1930s Truncated cone Concrete is compacted in three equal layers Compacted by tamped rod <Settlement of concrete/Depression of concrete is called as slump>

Type of Slumps results True Slump Shear Slump Collapse