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Facts about Italian Wines Day 4

Instructional Objective
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
Distinguish How Italian Wines are Named Understand Appellations of Italian Wines Define Super Tuscan

Some Italian Wine Facts

# 1 In Worlds Wine

Export Consumption Production

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How Italian Wines are Named:

Geographic Region Grape/Varietals Legendary Proprietary Grape/Style from Geographic Region Some Exceptions.

Naming Italian Wines

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Classico always refers to growing area Usually named after the town or zone where the wine is made Barolo Barbaresco Soave Classico Valpolicella Classico Chianti Classico.

GRAPE NAMES/VARIETALS
These wines use the name of the grape, seen often times in

Northeastern Italy
Pinot Grigio Tocai Friulano Chardonnay Falanghina

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LEGENDARY NAMES
Wines that are named after folklore or tradition or legend Est!Est!!Est!!! Est!Est!!Est!!! Di Montefiascone (Trebbiano Grape) Lacryma Lacryma Christy del Vesuvio (Coda di Volpe grape =fox tail)

PROPRIETARY NAMES
These are trademark names, fantasy names and vineyard names La Segreta Bianco Scurati Dogajolo Borgoforte Costera.

GRAPE NAME & GEOGRAPHICAL REGION The grape is used in conjunction with the place of origin; key work is di meaning from...
Vernaccia di San Gimignano Fiano di Avellino Moscato dAsti Dolcetto dAlba Nebbiolo dAlba Trebbiano dAbruzzo Barbera dAsti.

SOME EXCEPTIONS TO NAMES

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano vs. Montepulciano dAbruzzo Cortese di Gavi vs. Gavi di Gavi vs. Gavi Roero Arneis Brunello di Montalcino
1870s & 80s local mutation of Sangiovese Grosso and Prugnolo Gentile Clemente Santi.

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ITALIAN APPELLATIONSAPPELLATIONS-V.D.T.
Vino da Tavola Table Wine Includes wines that are not bottled Used in blending mass produced wine Regulates only the color and the name of the producer.

INDICAZIONE GEOGRAFICA TIPICA

Created in 1992 with the intent to bring nontraditional blends in the laws of wine, in specific growing regions Created for a larger populations of classified wines Controls 40% of wine production in Italy Formally known as Vino Tipico Proprietary named.

DENOMINAZIONE DI ORIGINE CONTROLLATA

Established in 1963 1966 was the first actual zone (Vernaccia di San Gimignano) More than 300 DOC zones Introduced in 1968 20-25% of Italian Wine Production DOC Wines defined by:
Geographic area production Varietals used Minimum alcohol content Specification for aging.

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DENOMINAZIONE DI ORIGINE CONTROLLATA E GARANTITA (GUARANTEED)

Created in 1963 with DOC The 1st DOCG: 1980 Brunello di Montalcino 23 Zones/Wines Highest level accorded to Italian wines Official numbered tag placed on bottle across the corks capsule DOCG wines defined by: Organoleptic analysis Serious judging Appearance Nose Taste.

SUPER TUSCANS
A blend of Sangiovese with non traditional grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot. Aged in non traditional oak barrel

Introduced by Piero Antinori in 1971 Antinori wanted to make Chianti Chianti Law (white grapes : Trebbiano, Malvasia) Most of them dont have high appellations Old World and New World joint venture

SUPER TUSCANS
Reds Sassicaia Sassicaia Luce Luce Costera Costera Ornellaia Dogajolo Whites Galestro Preludio.

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ITALIAN WINE WORDS

Riserva Riserva
Indicates additional aging in the barrel and bottle

Classico Classico
Geographical term referring to the historic heart and quality of a particular growing region

Superiore Superiore
Indicates a wine with a higher alcohol content 2%

Passito/A Passito/A
Partially dried grapes & wines, may be sweet & strong

Cantina Cantina
Italian for Winery

Vigna, Vigna, Vigneto

Single vineyard, grapes all came from single plot

Fattoria, Fattoria, Tenuta, Podere & Azienda Agricola Estates that both grow grapes and make wine

THE 20 MOST PLANTED GRAPES OF ITALY

Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Variety Sangiovese Catarratto Bianco Comune Trebbiano Toscano Barbera Merlot Negroamaro Montepulciano Trebbiano Romagnolo Catarratto Bianco Lucido Primitivo Malvasia Lazio Nero dAvola Garganega Nerello Mascalese Malvasia Bianca di Candia Inzolia (Ansonica) Dolcetto Moscato Bianco Aglianico Nuragus Type Red White White Red Red Red Red White White Red White Red White Red White White Red White Red White Acres 242,158 148,260 123,550 98,840 93,898 86,485 61,775 43,242 43,242 43,242 42,000 39,536 29,650 29,650 28,416 27,181 23,474 23,474 23,474 22,239 % of Italys Total 11.0% 7.0% 6.8% 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.2% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0%
Source: Registro Nazinale delle Varieta Autorizzate e Raccomandate, published by Italys Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 1998

Bastianich, Joseph & David Lynch. Vino Italia. Clarkson Potter, Publishers. NY. 2001

Lombardia
(w) Chardonnay; Pinot Blanco; Trebbiano (r) Bonarda; Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo)

Trentino-Alto Adige
(w); Pinot Grigio; Sylvaner; Gewurztraminer (r) Lagrein; Teroldego; Schiava/Vernatsch
Bolzano Trento Aosta Milano Torino Bologna Venezia Trieste

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
(w) Tocai Friulano; Pinot Grigio; Sauvignon; Pinot Bianco (r) Merlot; Cabernet; Refosco

Veneto
(w) Garganega; Trebbiano; Prosecco (r) Corvina; Molinara; Rondinella

Valle dAosta
(w) Blanc de Morgex; Muscat (r) Fumin; Petit Rouge; Picotendro (Nebbiolo)

Emilia-Romagna
(w) Albana; Trebbiano (r) Lambrusco; Sangiovese

Genova

Piemonte
(w) Arneis; Cortese; Moscato (r) Barbera; Dolcetto; Nebbiolo
Firenze Ancona Perugia LAquila
Roma

Le Marche
(w) Verdicchio (r) Montepulciano; Sangiovese

Umbria
(w) Grechetto; Trebbiano (r) Sagrantino; Sangiovese

Liguria
(w) Pigato; Vermentino (r) Ormeasco (Dolcetto); Rossese

Abruzzo & Molize

Bari Napoli Potenza

Campobasso

Lazio
(w) Malvasia; Trebbiano (r) Cesanese; Merlot; Cabernet
Cagliari

(w) Trebbiano (r) Montepulciano

Puglia
(w) Bombino; Trebbiano (r) Malvasia Nera; Negroamaro; Primitivo

Toscana
(w) Trebbiano; Vernaccia (r) Sangiovese;

Campania
(w) Falanghina; Fiano;
Catanzaro

Sardegna
(w) Nuragus; Vermentino (r) Cannonau; Carignano

R Greco N C L P F B G A M V T o a n i e r o (r) Aglianico m g t p m A c r s n i e l a l p q u o i t a e n z i r l o u g v n z s t a Palermo Sicilia m b z a i t o n r(w) Catarratto; Inzolia; l a e o iMalvasia; Zibibbo r s a o s (r) Nero dAvola o

Basilicata
(r) Aglianico

Calabria
(w) Greco (r) Gaglioppo

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WHITE ITALIAN GRAPES

Tocai Friulano

Grown in Friuli, Veneto, & eastern Lombardia region Commonly used as a blend; i.e. Bianco di Custoza and Lugana In 2008, will be known as Friulano Has a pale golden color Nose: Wildflowers and saline, occasional hay Creamy texture and flavor.

Garganega

Possibility of Greek Origin Grown in Veneto > Vicenza, Padua, & Verona Flavor of Pear, Pineapple, & Apricot (fresh & citrus) Creamy undertone Major grape of Soave wine (must be minimum of 70%) The remainder can be Chardonnay and/or Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio).

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Trebbiano

Named after the Trebbia river (Ugni Blanc) Straw Yellow Nose: Delicately aromatic, dried wildflowers Very soft palate faintly white peach.

Cortese

Originated in Piedmont > Tortona and Alessadria zones Has a high concentration of sugar, significant acidity, low alcohol Became Italys second white DOCG Has a straw color Nose: apples and apricots Saline palate.

Pinot Grigio

The highest selling Italian wine on the export market Genetic mutation of Pinot Nero Has a pale golden color, dependent upon the amount of time there is skin contact Nose: Green Apple, Coriander and fresh black pepper Flavor mirrors the nose.

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Roero Arneis

Grown in Piedmont > Cuneo province Usually dry Commonly used with other grapes (i.e. Favorita & Cortese) as a base for sparkling wine Has a strawstraw-yellow color Nose: Apricot and Green Apple Palate mirrors nose.

Falanghina

Grown in Campania Came very close to extinction during and after the phylloxera epidemic (early 20th century) Has a pale straw color Nose: Delicate vanilla tone (grape characteristic not oak) Fruit salad in a glass Fresh fruity flavor.

RED ITALIAN GRAPES

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Aglianico

The Barolo of South Very versatile Considered one of the most important red grapes in the South Cultivated in Campania, Basilicata, Puglia and Molise Ruby red to brick red in color Full bodied with soft tannins High acidity Palate of black cherry and blackberry fruit Red licorice tones & bitter chocolate notes.

Nero dAvola

Fragrance is blueberry hints & wild berry fruits Soft tannins and supple body Dark ruby in color Fresh nose: red licorice, hazelnut, clove, blueberry Palate: smokey, raspberry topnotes and a bitter chocolate tone.

Sangiovese

Ruby Red Rich and full perfumes Palate: leather, tobacco, truffles, figs, mulberries, raspberries, vanilla, cinnamon Ripe cherry fruit flavor.

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Nebbiolo

Piedmonts premium MediumMedium-deep ruby red Nose: fresh, candied cherries, strawberries, raspberries, plums Also chocolate, hazelnut, licorice, herbs, cinnamon, and vanilla.

Corvina, Rondinella, Molanri

Grapes of Bardolino, Valpolicella, Amarone, Recioto Corvina: Intense ruby

FullFull-bodied rich flavor Palate: Bitter cherries Matured in oak barrels (add spicy tone)

Valpolicella: Medium/ Deep Ruby

Nose: Bitter cherries Light to fullfull-bodied.

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