MANAGING MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATION, MALAYSIA EXPERIENCE

Ir. Ahmad Nordeen Mohd Salleh

I. INTRODUCTION There has been a rapid growth of industries over the past three decades, especially in oil, gas and petrochemical industries all over the country namely in Kerteh, Gebeng, Bintulu, Pasir Gudang and Gurun industrial estates. Like other industrial nations, these industries are huge, modern and more sophisticated types of industries, utili ing comple! processes operating at high pressure and temperature, producing continuously and using ha ardous substances. "a#or industrial accidents had happened in the past and are likely to occur again in the future if no initial attention and precautions taken to manage and control these installations. $li!borough, Bhopal and "e!ico %ity are known place synonymous with disasters that had occurred, resulting catastrophe to human beings, properties and the environment. Bright &parkler's $irework e!plosion in ())( and Tiram Kimia *epot %hemical e!plosion in ())+ are two e!amples in "alaysia with these kinds of ma#or ha ardous accidents. II. GOVERNMENTS CONCERN The Government has now enacted and enforced ,ccupational &afety and -ealth .%ontrol of /ndustrial "a#or 0ccident -a ards 1%/"0-23 4egulations in ())5, which made it mandatory for industries, e!citing or new to comply with the regulations. By definition, ma#or ha ard installation means an industrial activity which produces, processes, handles, uses, disposes of or stores, whether temporarily or permanently, one or more ha ardous substances or categories of substances in 6uantities e6ual to or e!ceed the threshold value determined in the regulations 1please see Attachme t I on the threshold 6uantities2. 0nd ma#or accidents means an occurrence including a ma#or emission, fire or e!plosion resulting from uncontrolled development in the course of an industrial activity, which leads to serious damage to persons, whether immediate or delayed, inside or outside an installation or to the environment and involving one or more ha ardous substances. The regulations ensure that the management of a ma#or ha ard installation is re6uired to control its activity in a safe manner without endangering the workers, public, properties and the environment. The regulations apply to all installations e!cept nuclear installations, an installation under the armed forces, transportation of ha ardous substances, and an industrial activity installation having ha ardous substances less than (78 of the stated threshold 6uantity. (((

III. DUTIES O! A MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATION 9ith the enforcement of the regulations, a ma#or ha ard installation is responsible and accountable to the following: (. Preparing a safety report +. Providing workers with relevant safety information and training ;. Providing information to the neighboring public and local authority <. Talking sufficient steps to prevent or minimi e ma#or accidents =. Preparing >mergency 4esponse Plan ? Procedure IV. SA!ETY CASE REPORT This report will contain specific information on four ma#or elements, namely all the ha ardous substances, the name and 6uantity, ha ard and properties of the substances involved. *etails of installation include a site map, scale plan of site showing locations and 6uantities of ha ardous substances stored, process description and conditions, number of persons on site, population in the vicinity and nearest emergency services. &afety "anagement &ystem refers to safety planning, safety organi ational structure and committees, different safety responsibilities assigned to individuals safe standards and operating procedures, employees' training safety assessment and performance measurements and management review and >4P preparedness and drills. 9hile risk assessment focus on the description and analysis of potential ha ards and associated risks, conditions and events, resulting in detail description of risk measures to control and minimi e the emergency conse6uences in the premises and to the surroundings. *etailed information to be included in the safety report is given in schedule 5 of the regulations. The report has to be prepared by a %/"0- competent person, registered with *epartment of ,ccupational &afety and -ealth 1*,&-2 "alaysia. 0 copy of such report will be sent to the *irector General of *,&- @ ; months before commencing the industrial activity or (+ months for e!isting industry of the installation. 0 further written report by the competent person is re6uired if the industrial activity has to be modified, a copy of such report will be sent to the *irector General against ; months before making the modification. V. ON"SITE EMERGENCY PLAN The manufacturer?industry which has to prepare the safety report must also submit on site emergency response plan to the *irector General. The preparation of the plan must be done together with the competent person, in order to make sure that it is up to date and ade6uate, detailing on how ma#or accidents would have to be dealt with during the emergency. ((+

VI. O!!"SITE EMERGENCY PLAN 0 manufacturer, having control of an industrial activity, to which this aspect applies, must also inform the local authority or port authority of the area if his industrial activity is capable of producing a ma#or accident ha ard that re6uire an off@site emergency plan for the area surrounding the site which is likely to be affected by a ma#or accident. The local authority or port authorities upon receiving the information will prepare and keep on up@to@date and ade6uate off@site emergency plan relevant to the site. VII. IN!ORMATION TO THE PU#LIC 0 manufacturer, having control of an industrial activity, after knowing that persons outside the site are likely to be affected by a ma#or accident occurring at the site, must also inform the surrounding community. /tems of information to be communicated to the surrounding community are given in the 4egulations @ &chedule ;. VIII. CONCLUSION %/"0- 4egulations ())5 as described above give us an assurance that it would be able to meet two clear ob#ectives: (. Preventing ma#or industrial accident, and +. "inimi ing the adverse effect or impact even if a ma#or accident happens. The approach to control specified by %/"0- is similar to those implemented elsewhere worldwide and is in line with the re6uirements proposed by /nternational Labour ,rgani ation 1/L,2. /n short, the basis of ma#or accident ha ard control promoted by %/"0- is in accordance to three basic elements: They are /dentification, Prevention and %ontrol. "anaging ma#or ha ard installation in "alaysia, in accordance to %/"0- re6uirements is a correct solution to ma#or accident prevention.

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0ttachment ( CIMAH Re$%&at'( ) *++,- Sche.%&e / Pa0t * " S(me E1am2&e)

Threshold Auantity Group 1 - Toxic Substances (Quantity 1 tonne ( 0rsenic hydride + Ben idine ; "ethyl isocyanate < Phosgene Group ! - Toxic Substances (Quantity " 1 tonne ( 0crylonitrile + 0mmonia ; %hlorine < -ydrogen cyanide = Tetraethyl lead Group # - $i%hly &eacti'e Substance ( >thylene o!ide + -ydrogen ; ,!ygen < Propylene o!ide = &odium %hlorate (7 kg ( kg (=7 kg B=7 kg +7 tonnes (77 tonnes (7 tonnes +7 tonnes =7 tonnes = tonnes (7 tonnes =77 tonnes =7 tonnes +7 tonnes

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