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  • Chapter 1

    Încărcat de

    Haris Aramam
    28 vizualizări2 pagini
    The modern electron theory of matter is the only theory that has survived over the years to explain the nature of electricity. It states that all matter whether solid, liquid or gas is composed of very minute particles called molecules. A molecule is in turn made-up of atoms. An atom consists of a centre particle called nucleus and around the nucleus there are number of electrons revolves in different paths or orbits.

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    The modern electron theory of matter is the only theory that has survived over the years to explain the nature of electricity. It states that all matter whether solid, liquid or gas is composed of very minute particles called molecules. A molecule is in turn made-up of atoms. An atom consists of a centre particle called nucleus and around the nucleus there are number of electrons revolves in different paths or orbits.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca DOCX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    28 vizualizări2 pagini

    Chapter 1

    Încărcat de

    Haris Aramam
    The modern electron theory of matter is the only theory that has survived over the years to explain the nature of electricity. It states that all matter whether solid, liquid or gas is composed of very minute particles called molecules. A molecule is in turn made-up of atoms. An atom consists of a centre particle called nucleus and around the nucleus there are number of electrons revolves in different paths or orbits.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca DOCX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 2

    Atomic structure and fundamental units of electricity

    Everybody is familiar with the functions that electricity can perform; it can be used for lighting, heating, traction and countless other purposes. The question always arises what is electricity? Several theories about electricity where developed through experiments and observations. The only theory that has survived over the years to explain the nature of electricity is The modern electron theory of matter

    Formatted: Font: 18 pt, Italic Formatted: Centered Formatted: Left: 0.8", Right: 0.6", Top: 0.6", Bottom: 0.5" Formatted: Font: 12 pt

    The modern electron theory of matter


    According to this theory, all matter whether solid, liquid or gas is composed of very minute particles called molecules. A molecule is in turn made-up of atoms. An atom consists of a centre particle called nucleus and around the nucleus there are number of electrons revolves in different paths or orbits. The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.
    Formatted: Font: 12 pt

    Nucleus
    It is the centre part of an atom and contains protons and neutrons. A proton is a positively charged particle having mass 1837 times that of an electron. A neutron has the same mass of proton but no charge. Obviously the nucleus of an atom has a positive charge. The mass of an electron is very small as compared to proton or neutron. The nucleus of an atom constitutes the entire weight of atom Ie; Atomic weight = Number of protons + number of neutrons
    Formatted: Font: 12 pt

    Extra nucleus
    It is the outer part of an atom and contains electrons only .an electron is a negatively charged particle having negative charge equal to the positive charge of a proton. The electron moves around the nucleus in different paths or orbits.
    Formatted: Font: 12 pt

    The number of electron in an atom is determined by the following rules.


    1. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an orbit is determined by the equation 2n2 where n is the number of orbit. 2. The last orbit cannot accommodate more than 8 electron 3. The last but one orbit cannot accommodate more than 18 electrons.
    Formatted: Font: 12 pt

    Under normal condition the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in an atom. Therefore an atom is neutral as a whole. The number of electrons or protons in an atom is called Atomic Number.

    Formatted: Font: 12 pt

    I.e.

    Atomic Number = Number of protons or number of electrons

    Formatted: Font: 12 pt

    Therefore, Number of neutrons in an atom = Atomic weight -- Atomic Number

    Formatted: Font: 10 pt

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