Jagjeevan Nagar Letters

ADDRESSES OF BOLLYWOOD STARS STARS
Actors
Name Address
Aamir Khan 11 Bela Vista Apts., Palli Hill, Bandra, Mumbai 400 050
Sea Cliff, 1st Floor, Gandhigram Road, Juhu, Mumbai

Ajay Devgan
400 049
Akshaye 13/C Lipallazo, Little Gibbs Road, Malabar Hills,

Khanna Mumbai 400 006
203 A Wing, Benzer, Lokhandwala Complex, Andheri (W),

Akshay Kumar
Mumbai 400 053
Amitabh
Prateeksha, 10th Road, Juhu Scheme, Mumbai 400 049
Bachchan
Vardhan, Plot No. 45, 11th Road, Juhu Scheme, Mumbai

Amrish Puri
400 049
31 Shringar, Presidency Society, 7th Road, JVPD Scheme,

Anil Kapoor
Mumbai 400 049
402 Marina, Juhu Tara Road, Juhu Beach, Mumbai 400

Anupam Kher
049
Arbaaz Ali 602 Sea King Apts., Band Stand, Bandra (W), Mumbai
Khan 400 050
3 Galaxy Apts., B.J. Road, Band Stand, Bandra, Mumbai

Arbaaz Khan
400 050
Kohinoor Apartments, 503 Yari Road, Versova, Andheri,

Arshad Warsi
Mumbai 400 061
Atul Agnihotri Ashwini, Pali Mala Road, Bandra, Mumbai 400 050
Bobby Deol Plot No. 22, 11th Road, JVPD Scheme, Mumbai 400 049
Chandrachur 6th Floor, Oakland Park, Off Lokhandwala Complex,

Singh Versova, Mumbai 400 061
34/B, Palli Hill, Nargis Dutt Road, Bandra (W), Mumbai

Dilip Kumar
400 050
Fardeen Khan Sunshine, Jasawala Wadi, Juhu Road, Mumbai 400 049
Govinda Jal Darshan, A Wing, Ruia Park, Juhu, Mumbai 400 049
501/601 Woodstock, J.P. Road, 7 Bungalows, Versova,

Gulshan Grover
Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061
Jackie Shroff Le Pepeyon, Mount Mary Road, Bandra, Mumbai 400 050
14-A Queens Apts., Pali Hill, Bandra (W), Mumbai 400

Jugal Hansraj
050
B4, Beach House Apt., Gandhigram Road, Mumbai 400

Kabir Bedi
054
Jal Kamal, Plot No 202, 23rd Road, Bandra, Mumbai 400

Kamal Sadanah
050
Karan Apts., 5th Floor, Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400

Mukul Dev
061
Nagarjuna 29, Kasturi Rangan Road, Alwarpet, Madras 600 018
304 Sheetal, Apna Ghar Society, Samarth Nagar, Andheri,

Nana Patekar
Mumbai 400 058
Puru Rajkumar 57 Worli Seaface, Worli, Mumbai 400 018
Nepathaya, Plot No. 20, Gulmohar Road, JVPD Scheme,

Raj Babbar
Mumbai 400 049
Rishi Kapoor 27 Krishna Raj, Pali Hill, Bandra, Mumbai 400 050
Bungalow No. 5, Belscot Tower, Lokhandwala Complex,

Saif Ali Khan
Andheri Link Road, Mumbai 400 058
3 Galaxy Apts., B.J. Road, Band Stand, Bandra, Mumbai

Salman Khan
400 050
Shah Rukh 7th Floor, Amrit Apts., 15th Carter Road, Bandra,
Khan Mumbai 400 050
Sunil Shetty 18/B Prithvi Apts., Altamount Road, Mumbai 400 026
58 Smt. Nargis Dutt Road, Palli Hill, Bandra, Mumbai 400

Sunjay Dutt
050
Sunny Deol Plot No. 22, 11th Road, JVPD Scheme, Mumbai 400 049
13/C Lipallazo, Little Gibbs Road, Malabar Hills,

Vinod Khanna
Mumbai 400 006
http://groups. yahoo.com/ group/babes_ in_blue

Actresses
Name Address
Ramlaxmi Niwas, 19th Road, Khar, Mumbai 400

Aishwarya Rai
052
Bungalow No. 5, Belscot Tower, Lokhandwala

Amrita Singh
Complex, Andheri Link Road, Mumbai 400 058
604 Jupiter Apts., Yari Road, Andheri (W), Mumbai

Anjala Zaveri
400 058
Anand Ashram, 1st Floor, Bldg. 22, Pandita Rambai

Anjali Jathar
Road, Gamdevi, Mumbai 400 007
503 Godavari, Khan Pochkhawala Road, Worli,

Anu Agarwal
Mumbai 400 025
603 B_Gazdar Apts., Near Juhu Hotel, Juhu,

Aruna Irani
Mumbai 400 049
Ayesha Jhulka 102 Tirupati Apts., Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061
Deepti 42 Ashok Apts., Gandhigram Road, Juhu, Mumbai

Bhatnagar 400 049
Dimple
Samudra Mahal, Birla Lane, Juhu, Mumbai 400 049
Kapadia
C-17 Nehru Nagar, Kishor Kumar Ganguly Marg,

Divya Dutta
Juhu Tara Road, Mumbai 400 049
Pratiksha 10th Road, JVPD Scheme, Mumbai 400

Jaya Bachchan
049
153 Oxford Towers, Oshiwara Complex, Andheri

Juhi Chawla
(W), Mumbai 400 058
14 Usha Kiran, 15 M.L. Dahanukar Marg, Mumbai

Kajol
400 026
2B Excellency 1101/1201, 4th Cross Road,

Karishma
Lokhandwala Complex, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400
Kapoor
058
Krishna Kutir, Sagarika Society, Juhu Tara Road,

Madhoo
Mumbai 400 048
Vijaydeep, 3rd Floor, Iris Park, Juhu, Mumbai 400

Madhuri Dixit
049
Mahima D/5 4th Floor, Silver View, Versova, Andher,

Chaudhary Mumbai 400 061
Mamta D Wing, 701, R.C. Complex, Opp. Panchavati,
Kulkarni Versova Yari Road, Mumbai 400 061
Manisha 302 Beachwood Towers, Yari Road, Versova,

Koirala Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061
Gokul Apartments, Thakur Complex, Kandivili,

Mayuri Kango
Mumbai 400 101
Namrata 101 Shrinathji, 16th Cross Road, Khar (W),

Shirodkar Mumbai 400 052
H-403, Gokul Vihar II, Thakur Complex, Kandivli

Pooja Batra
(E), Mumbai 400 068
601 Kyle Moore Apts., Behind Mehboob Studio,

Pooja Bhatt
Bandra, Mumbai 400 050
606 Nestle-B, 4th Cross Road, Lokhandwala

Priya Gill
Complex, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 058
Raveena Tandon House, Nippon Society, Juhu Church,

Tandon Mumbai 400 049
Sea Springs, Bungalow No. 2, Bandstand, Bandra,

Rekha
Mumbai 400 050
4th Floor, Mona Apts., Breach Candy, Mumbai 400

Sanjukta Singh
036
12, Dev Darshan, 262 St. Anthony Road, Chembur,

Shilpa Shetty
Mumbai 400 071
Shilpa Venkatesh Vihar, 4th Floor, 7th Road, Khar,

Shirodkar Mumbai 400 052
Shikha 13/14 Atmanand, Saraswat Colony, Santacruz,

Swaroop Mumbai 400 054
A/203 Paradise, Apnaghar Co-op. Hsg. Soc., 1st

Sonali Bendre Cross Lane, Swami Samartha Nagar, Lokhandwala
Complex, Mumbai 400 058
Green Acres, 7 Bungalows, Lokhanda Complex,

Sri Devi
Suman Gilder Bldg., Turner Road, Bandra, Mumbai 400

Ranganathan 050
6th Floor, Beach Queen, Yari Road, Versova,

Sushmita Sen
Anukool, 2nd Floor, Seven Bungalows, Versova,
Tabu
Twinkle
Samudra Mahal, Birla Lane, Juhu, Mumbai 400 049
Khanna
Urmila Casablanca Bldg., Versova, Andheri (E), Mumbai

Matondkar 400 058
To
General manager,
HMWS & SB,
Division No. I,
Goshamahal,
Hyderabad
Sir,
Sub : Request to provide 3 additional raising Man holes, 3 man holes

and 3 covers at
Jagjeevan nagar, Miralam mandi, Hyderabad.
We submit that the above said localities are suffering from gas due
to the breakage of drainage pipeline and that leaks goes to SW drain
pipeline. It suffers area people from the bad smell.
So we humbly request for providing above said requirements to the above

said localities.
Please take necessary action as early as possible.
Thanking you sir,
Yours faithfully,
(M.Babu Rao)
To
General manager,
HMWS & SB,
Division No. I,
Goshamahal,
Hyderabad
Sir,
Sub : Request to provide Line Booster at Jagjeevan nagar, Miralam

mandi,
Hyderabad.
We submit that the above said localities are suffering from water
due to the using of jet pumps by other people that goes to no water from
line. It suffers area people from the water scarcity.
So we humbly request for providing above said requirements to the above

said localities.
Please take necessary action as early as possible.
Thanking you sir,
Yours faithfully,
(M.Babu Rao)
To,
Municipal Commissioner,
GHMC,
CC Complex, Circle - 4,
Tank Bund,
Hyderabad.
Sir,
Sub: Bending and Manholes SW covers at Jagjeevan Nagar , miralam

mandi,
Hyderabad.
The representation received from the residents that our man holes
covers are bending down due to that our area people facing problem for
the vehicles like rickshaw, autos, two wheelers, etc,. on the man holes SW
drain covers. In this area more than 40 SW drain covers are having in that
some of the drain covers are broken.
So please , We request you to kindly issue orders for providing SW drain

covers new in our locality for bending.
Please take immediate action for the above said locality.
Please help us in this regard.
Thanking you sir,
Yours faithfully,
(M.Babu Rao)
To,
CDPO,
ICDS,
Project IV,
Riyasathnagar,
Midhani,
Hyderabad.
Respected madam,
Sub : No objection in continuing Anganwadi centre (school) at

jagjeevan nagar,
miralam mandi, Hyderabad.
The above said locality should be continue the Anganwadi centre (school)
in that no objection from surrounding people or surrounding residents.
This Anganwadi centre is continuing since 1996 to till date at same

place jagjeevan nagar, miralam mandi, Hyderabad.
For these , we are attaching the more than 50 members signature for the
no objection letter in continuing the Anganwadi centre (school) at
jagjeevan nagar, miralam mandi, Hyderabad.
Please help us in this regard.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
(M.Babu Rao)
1. I will be happy once I have _____ (or once I earn X).
Problem: If you think you can't be happy until you reach a certain
point, or until you reach a certain income, or have a certain type of
house or car or computer setup, you'll never be happy. That elusive
goal is always just out of reach. Once we reach those goals, we are
not satisfied we want more.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/babes_in_blue
Solution: Learn to be happy with what you have, where you are,
and who you are, right at this moment. Happiness doesn't have to
be some state that we want to get to eventually it can be found
right now. Learn to count your blessings, and see the positive in
your situation. This might sound simplistic, but it works.
2. I wish I were as ____ as (a celebrity, friend, co-worker).
Problem: We'll never be as pretty, as talented, as rich, as sculpted,

as cool, as everyone else. There will always be someone better, if
you look hard enough. Therefore, if we compare ourselves to others
like this, we will always pale, and will always fail, and will always
feel bad about ourselves. This is no way to be happy.
Solution: Stop comparing yourself to others, and look instead at

yourself what are your strengths, your accomplishments, your
successes, however small? What do you love about yourself? Learn
to love who you are, right now, not who you want to become. There
is good in each of us, love in each of us, and a wonderful human
spirit in every one of us.
3. Seeing others becoming successful makes me jealous

and resentful.
Problem: First, this assumes that only a small number of people can
be successful. In truth, many, many people can be successful in
different ways.
Solution: Learn to admire the success of others, and learn from it,
and be happy for them, by empathizing with them and
understanding what it must be like to be them. And then turn away
from them, and look at yourself you can be successful too, in
whatever you choose to do. And even more, you already are
successful. Look not at those above you in the social ladder, but
those below you there are always millions of people worse off than
you, people who couldn't even read this article or afford a
computer. In that light, you are a huge success.
4. I am a miserable failure I can't seem to do anything

right.
Problem: Everyone is a failure, if you look at it in certain ways.

Everyone has failed, many times, at different things. I have certainly
failed so many times I cannot count them and I continue to fail,
daily. However, looking at your failures as failures only makes you
feel bad about yourself. By thinking in this way, we will have a
negative self-image and never move on from here.
Solution: See your successes and ignore your failures. Look back on
your life, in the last month, or year, or 5 years. And try to remember
your successes.. If you have trouble with this, start documenting
them keep a success journal, either in a notebook or online.
Document your success each day, or each week. When you look
back at what you've accomplished, over a year, you will be amazed.
It's an incredibly positive feeling.
5. I'm going to beat so-and-so no matter what I'm better

than him. And there's no way I'll help him succeed he might beat
me.
Problem: Competitiveness assumes that there is a small amount of

gold to be had, and I need to get it before he does. It makes us into
greedy, back-stabbing, hurtful people. We try to claw our way over
people to get to success, because of our competitive feelings. For
example, if a blogger wants to have more subscribers than another
blogger, he may never link to or mention that other blogger.
However, who is to say that my subscribers can't also be yours?
People can read and subscribe to more than one blog.
Solution: Learn to see success as something that can be shared, and
learn that if we help each other out, we can each have a better
chance to be successful. Two people working towards a common
goal are better than two people trying to beat each other up to get to
that goal. There is more than enough success to go around. Learn to
think in terms of abundance rather than scarcity.
6. Dammit! Why do these bad things always happen to

me?
Problem: Bad things happen to everybody. If we dwell on them,

they will frustrate us and bring us down.
Solution: See bad things as a part of the ebb and flow of life.
Suffering is a part of the human condition but it passes. All pain
goes away, eventually. Meanwhile, don't let it hold you back. Don't
dwell on bad things, but look forward towards something good in
your future. And learn to take the bad things in stride, and learn
from them.. Bad things are actually opportunities to grow and learn
and get stronger, in disguise.
7. You can't do anything right! Why can't you be like
____ ?
Problem: This can be said to your child or your subordinate or your

sibling. The problem? Comparing two people, first of all, is always
a fallacy. People are different, with different ways of doing things,
different strengths and weaknesses, different human characteristics.
If we were all the same, we'd be robots. Second, saying negative
things like this to another person never helps the situation. It might
make you feel better, and more powerful, but in truth, it hurts your
relationship, it will actually make you feel negative, and it will
certainly make the other person feel negative and more likely to
continue negative behavior. Everyone loses.
Solution: Take the mistakes or bad behavior of others as an

opportunity to teach. Show them how to do something. Second,
praise them for their positive behavior, and encourage their success.
Last, and most important, love them for who they are, and celebrate
their differences.
8. Your work sucks. It's super lame. You are a moron and I
hope you never reproduce.
Problem: I've actually gotten this comment before. It feels

wonderful. However, let's look at it not from the perspective of the
person receiving this kind of comment but from the perspective of
the person giving it. How does saying something negative like this
help you? I guess it might feel good to vent if you feel like your
time has been wasted. But really, how much of your time has been
wasted? A few minutes? And whose fault is that? The bloggers or
yours? In truth, making negative comments just keeps you in a
negative mindset. It's also not a good way to make friends.
Solution: Learn to offer constructive solutions, first of all. Instead of
telling someone their blog sucks, or that a post is lame, offer some
specific suggestions for improvement. Help them get better. If you
are going to take the time to make a comment, make it worth your
time. Second, learn to interact with people in a more positive way it
makes others feel good and it makes you feel better about yourself.
And you can make some great friends this way. That's a good thing.
9. Insulting People Back

Problem: If someone insults you or angers you in some way,
insulting them back and continuing your anger only transfers their
problem to you. This person was probably having a bad day (or a
bad year) and took it out on you for some reason. If you reciprocate,
you are now having a bad day too. His problem has become yours.
Not only that, but the cycle of insults can get worse and worse until
it results in violence or other negative consequences for both of
you.
Solution: Let the insults or negative comments of others slide off
you like Teflon. Don't let their problem become yours. In fact, try to
understand their problem more why would someone say
something like that? What problems are they going through?
Having a little empathy for someone not only makes you
understand that their comment is not about you, but it can make
you feel and act in a positive manner towards them and make you
feel better about yourself in the process.
10. I don't think I can do this I don't have enough

discipline. Maybe some other time.
Problem: If you don't think you can do something, you probably
won't. Especially for the big stuff.. Discipline has nothing to do with
it motivation and focus has everything to do with it. And if you put
stuff off for “some other time”, you'll never get it done. Negative
thinking like this inhibits us from accomplishing anything.
Solution: Turn your thinking around: you can do this! You don't
need discipline. Find ways to make yourself a success at your goal.
If you fail, learn from your mistakes, and try again. Instead of
putting a goal off for later, start now. And focus on one goal at a
time, putting all of your energy into it, and getting as much help
from others as you can. You can really move mountains if you start
with positive thinking.
---------- Forwarded message ----------

From: Lakshmi Narasimha Rao Guruju <lguruju@capitaliq.com>
Date: Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 11:54 AM
Subject: FW: Useful : Tax e-Filing Made Easy
To: "glnarsimha@gmail.com" <glnarsimha@gmail.com>
Hi
Regards,
Narasimha
Hi All,
Now no need to worry about your Income Tax returns. No need to Pay 100
/ 200 Rs. to any consultant for your income tax return. Govt. of india
has made it very simple through the eFiling.
Follow the simple steps below and get the ITR Acknowledgement instantly.
1. Go to the site http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/
2. Click on the link eFile-Income Tax Return (see snagit below) at the
top-left of the home page.
[cid:image001.jpg@01C9F527.6C5CA3B0]<http://www.incometaxindiaefiling.gov.in/portal/i
ndex.jsp>[cid:image002.gif@01C9F527.6C5CA3B0]
3. Register urself once with the help of your PAN No. You PAN No. will
be your lifetime used Id for eFiling.
4. From the TAB e-Filing A.Y. 2009-10, select Individual It will get
u the ITR-1 Utility Excel sheet
ITR 1 Utility
5. With the help of your Form 16, fill the details in the XLS sheet
above. Basically you need to upload all the data(salary, tax details)
from your Form 16 to the xls sheet above.
6. Once the sheet is filled, click on the button Generate XML present
on the sheet. This will generate a XML file based on the data filled
in the ITR 1 form above. Save the file on your machine.
7. Now go back to the site once again and Log - In with the user id/
Passwd generated previously.
8. Under Submit Return select assessment year as A.Y. 2009-10
9. It will ask you to upload the xml file. Upload the xml file
generated from the previous step.
10. Once the upload is successful, go to My Accounts->My Returns menu.

Here you will get your digitally signed acknowledgement of ITR.
Its very simple, very convenient and should be known to every tax
payer of India.
--
Narasimha
--~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~
Have A Brilliant Career!
Y.NIRANJAN
Blogspot <www.navabharathians.blogspot.com>
Orkut <http://images.orkut.com/Community.aspx?cmm=27733993>
"In school, you're taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you're given a test that
teaches you a lesson." Tom Bodett
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"NAVABHARATHIANS" group.
To post to this group, send email to navabharathians@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to navabharathians-
unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
For more options, visit this group at
http://groups.google.com/group/navabharathians?hl=en
-~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---
LAND SURVEY NUMBERS
R.T.C (popularly known as Pahani) contains details of the total extent of

land, names of the present and previous owners, kind of soil and crop, any
mortgages, etc.
Mutation Extract refers to the mode of acquisition of the property and the
order stating that the Khatha may be transferred to the name of the present
owner.
Family tree certified by the Village Accountant/Revenue Inspector gives
names of the members of the family of the present and past owners of the
land and indicates whether they are living or dead.
Karda copy refers to the occupant or the eldest of several joint occupants,
whose name is entered in the Government records as holding unalienated
land.
The following is a list of documents of title with respect to agricultural
lands to be obtained from the present owners and verified before their
purchase/acquisition by lease, mortgage:
Primary documents
of title
1.R.T.C (popularly known as Pahani) issued by the Village Accountant

contains details of the extent of land in a survey number or a sub-survey
number, the extent of kharab land therein, the names of the present and
previous owners, their respective holdings, names of the tenants, the kind
of soil/crop, any mortgages, charges made on the properties contained
therein, the status of land (whether Inam land or not), the conversion order
number, date in case any property converted therein from agricultural to
non-agricultural use, the references to mutation and inheritance certificates
where there is any change in ownership etc.
2. Mutation Extract issued by the Village Accountant or Tahsildar contains

the extract from the mutation register or inheritance certificate with details
of previous owner, the present owner, the mode of acquisition of the
property, the total extent of the property and the order stating that the
Khatha of the property may be transferred to the name of the present
owner.
3. Parent Deeds and/or grant orders for Darkshath lands/re-grant orders in

the case of Inam lands and Form No.10 occupancy certificate in the case of
grants made under section 48A of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961.
4.Record of Rights and Index of lands extract and pahani contains details
like extent of the lands, names of owners etc., This document is no longer
being issued by the Revenue authorities.
5. Family Tree certified by the Village Accountant/Revenue Inspector

clearly indicates the genealogical tree in the form of a flow chart, the
names and age of the members of the family of the present and past owners
of the land in question and also indicating whether the persons mentioned
therein are living or dead.
Secondary documents of title
Tax paid receipts issued by the Village Accountant: It reflects the total tax
paid by a person on his property and the period for which the tax has been
paid.
Form-7 & 7A Endorsements issued by the Tahsildar: It is an endorsement

issued by the Tahsildar stating that no tenancy claims have been filed in
Form No.7 or 7A in respect of the property in question pending before the
Land Tribunal constituted for this purpose.
Karda Copy: It signifies the occupant or the eldest or principal of several

joint occupants, whose name is authorisedly entered in the Government
records as holding unalienated land whether in person or by his co-
occupant, tenant, agent, servant or other legal representatives.
RR Balabagada Nakalu: It is a survey record issued by the Assistant

Director of Land Records showing the name of the owner, the total extent
of land, the extent of kharab land and the net extent of land in respect of
sub-survey number after the parent survey number has been bifurcated.
Hissa Tippani Book Extract: It is a survey record issued by the Assistant
Director of Land Records clearly showing the sketch of the entire survey
number, its total area, extent of kharab land and net cultivable area along
with its bifurcated portions and the names of owners of each sub-survey
number, the relevant entry in the mutation registers pertaining to each
owner.
79AB Endorsement issued by the Assistant Commissioner: This

endorsement issued by the Tahsildar contains a statement that there are no
proceedings under Section 79A or B of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act,
1961 which have been initiated in respect of the property in question.
Village Map issued by the Survey Department: This document clearly

indicates the map of the village in which the property in question is
situated.
Tippani Atlas copy issued by the Survey Department: Tippani is a sketch in

respect of a property which is comprised in a single survey number and is
not bifurcated into sub-survey numbers. Atlas is also a sketch of the
property in question issued in respect of any survey number after its
bifurcation from a parent survey number. Both these documents disclose
the measurements of the property.
Akarband Extract: Issued by the Survey Department, it indicates the total

extent, boundaries and classification of the property in question.
Podi Prathi Extract: Issued by the Survey Department, it indicates the

bifurcation made on a Survey Number into sub-survey numbers.
Hudbust Register Extract: It is a sketch issued by the Survey Department

clearly showing the boundaries fixed on the land marked by boundary
stones.
Karab Uttaru Extract: It is issued by the Survey Department is a document

which indicates the extent of kharab land in the property in question and
the classification of the kharab land as `A' Kharab or `B' Kharab.
Endorsement from the Special Land Acquisition Officer/BDA/KIADB /

K.H.B etc.: It confirms that there are no acquisition proceedings in respect
of the property in question.
Encumbrance Certificate: This should be in Form No.15/16 for a period of

at least 30 years from the office of the Sub-Registrar exercising relevant
jurisdiction over the property in question.
Additional documents
The following are the additional documents required in the case the
property in question has been converted from agricultural to non-
agricultural uses and purposes:
1. Conversion Order issued by the Deputy Commissioner or Assistant

Commissioner under section 95(2) of the Karnataka Land Revenue Act,
1964 exercising jurisdiction over the property.
The order also prescribes certain conditions and mentions whether the land
has been converted for residential, commercial, industrial, public or semi-
public uses.
2. Receipt evidencing conversion fine paid as levied under Section 95(7) of

the Karnataka Land Revenue Act, 1964 in the form of a challan to the
Treasury at the rates prescribed s in the Table under Rule 107 of the
Karnataka Land Revenue Rules, 1966.
3. Conversion certificate issued by the Tahsildar confirms the conversion

order and the conditions contained therein.
4. Form No.9, Form No.10 and Form No.11 issued by the Village
Panchayat/Tahsildar.
These forms are issued by the Panchayat after the conversion of the
property has been done which contains the Khatha and Assessment in
Form No.9, the receipt for having paid the taxes in Form No.10 and the
Mutation Entry evidencing the transfer of Khatha in Form No.11.
5. Receipt for development charges paid issued by the Village Panchayat

Secretary (Betterment Charges)
6. Non-Agricultural register extract (Form No.32) issued by the Revenue

Department contains an extract from the Register mentioned above in
which the entry and details of lands converted are entered.
TopoDepot.com, TopoDepotOnDVD and SkyTopo now include all of
the Texas Railroad Commission's Texas Original Land Survey data
in Vector CAD and GIS formats. These include the Section number,
Block number, Abstract number, and original patentee. The data is
in vector format, and georeferenced. TopoDepot can export the data
in a variety of projections, datums, and output formats (AutoCAD
DWG, AutoCAD DXF, ArcView SHP, Microstation DGN).
Here is an example of the data for Brooks County. The first image is
of the paper survey map. The second, the TopoDepot DWG version.
Note that the Texas Land Survey data appears on the 24KPLSS
layer in TopoDepot.com and TopoDepotonDVD. Get a free sample
of your choice from the samples page.
Glossary of terms used by the Texas RRC
Survey
A survey is a certified measured description of a piece of land. The term

sometimes refers to the land itself. In Texas, original surveys were
performed as part of the patenting process whereby land was transferred
from the public domain. These "patent surveys," recorded at the Texas
General Land Office, constitute an official land grid for the State and are
the basis for subsequent land surveys.
Block
A block is a defined set of original land surveys. A block has an

identifying name and/or number, and surveys within it are usually
consecutively numbered, mile square sections. Land grants from the State
of Texas to railroad companies were often patented in blocks and sections.
The term block is also used as a unit of a subdivision, i.e.,
subdivision/block/lot.
Section
A section refers to a square land survey measuring exactly one mile on
each side. Some of the land transferred from the public domain by the
state of Texas was surveyed and patented in units of square miles. The
Texas General Land Office officially considers these units sections. Also,
it was common that larger land grants, such as school lands and capitol
lands, were subsequently surveyed into square mile units for the
convenience of sale; these surveys are also called sections. In addition, the
term "section" is commonly used to describe surveys in a group that have
been assigned consecutive survey numbers, even though some of them do
not have the proper shape or size to truly be sections.
Abstract
In Texas, the term abstract refers to an original land survey describing an

area transferred from the public domain by either the Republic of Texas or
the State of Texas. These surveys are recorded in the "State Abstract of
Land Titles," which is maintained by the Texas General Land Office. Each
survey so recorded is assigned an abstract number, which is unique within
the county in which the survey falls. Because Texas has never performed a
uniform statewide land survey, these original surveys called "Patent
Surveys" constitute the State's Official Land Survey System.
DISCLAIMER
The OTLS data was generated from the Geographic Information System of
the Railroad Commission of Texas. County patent survey lines from Texas
General Land Office maps were interpreted as accurately as possible over
the U.S. Geological Survey base.
The data provided by this system is continually being updated and refined
and is intended solely for the internal use of the Commission. The
Commission shall not be held liable for use of this data, which is provided
as a public service for informational purposes only. PLEASE NOTE that
this data is NOT intended to be used as an authoritative public record for
any geographic location or as a legal document and has no legal force or
effect.
Users are responsible for checking the accuracy, completeness, currency

and/or suitability of this data. The Commission makes no representation,
guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy, completeness, currency, or
suitability of this data, which is provided “AS IS”. The Commission
specifically disclaims any and all warranties, representations or
endorsements, express or implied, with regard to this data, including, but
not limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose, or non-infringement of privately owned rights.
COMPUTER LATEST KEYS
Win + UP Arrow Maximize the current window

Win + Down Arrow Restore down or minimize current windows
Dock the current window to the left half of the
Win + Left Arrow
screen
Dock the current window to the right half of the
Win + Right Arrrow
screen
Activate and run the program pinned on
Win + [number] Windows 7 Taskbar, running program wonâ€™t
be affected
Win + Home Minimize all but the current window
Makes all windows transparent so you can see
Win + Space
through to the desktop
Win + Pause/Break Open System Properties
Flip Aero 3D [press Tab to cycle between
Win + Tab
Windows]
Move focus to notification tray (the right-most
Win + B
portion of the taskbar)
Win + D Show/Hide desktop
Win + E Windows Explorer is launched
Win + F Search
Win + G Bring all gadgets on top and foreground
Win + L Lock Computer
Win + M Minimize all windows
Open the projection menu (generally used for
Win + P
laptops connected to projectors)
Win + R Run Command is launched.
Win + S OneNote Screen Clipping Tool
Show preview thumbnail of running
Win + T applications in Windows Taskbar one by one
without mouse over
Win + X Mobility Center
Win + # Quicklaunch
Win + = Magnifier
Win + [+/-] Enables the magnifier and zooms in/out
Win + Shift + Up
Maximize vertical size
Arrow
Win + Shift + Down
Restore vertical size
Arrow
Win + Shift + Left
Jump to left monitor
Arrow
Win + Shift + Right Jump to right monitor
Arrow
Win + Shift + M Undo all window minimization
Win + Shift + T Cycles backwards
Opens the Active Directory Find Computers
Win + Ctrl + F
dialog
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next
Ctrl + Right Arrow
word
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous
Ctrl + Left Arrow
word
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous
Ctrl + Up Arrow
paragraph
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next
Ctrl + Down Arrow
paragraph
A pinned taskbar icon to cycle through the
Ctrl + Click
programâ€™s open windows (e.g. IE)
Ctrl + Win + Tab Persistent flip 3D
Ctrl + Shift with an
Select a block of text
arrow key
Ctrl with any arrow Select multiple individual items in a window or
key + Spacebar on the desktop
Ctrl + Shift + Esc Open Task Manager directly
Ctrl + Shift + N Create new folder
1
ENSURING SECURE LAND RIGHTS
FOR THE RURAL POOR IN ANDHRA PRADESH:
A CASE STUDY
Darryl S. Vhugen
Karuna Vakati
Renee Giovarelli
2
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the invaluable assistance and support
of Mr. K.V.
Raju, Principal Secretary, Andhra Pradesh Department of Panchayati Raj
and Rural
Development and Ms. Viziendra Boyi, State Project Manager, Land
Component, IKP.
The authors also thank Mr. Tim Hanstad, president of the Rural
Development Institute,
Seattle, Washington for being so generous with his time and expertise.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
I. Introduction 4
II. Background and Origins of the Project 4
A. Land Reform in Andhra Pradesh- An Unfinished Agenda 4
B. Origins of the Land Component of IKP 5
III. The Process and Activities of IKP Non-Purchase 9
A. Beginning of the Non-Purchase Project 9
B. The Role of Paralegals and Community Surveyors 10
C. The Legal Assistance Program for the Poor 14
D. Other Aspects of IKP Non-Purchase 15
IV. Resources Required 16
V. Impact of the Program to Date 17
A. Statistical Results 17
B. Other Impacts 18
VI. Issues and Challenges 20
VII. Good Practices 22
VIII. Conclusion 23
4
I. INTRODUCTION
An unlikely combination of organizations of poor women and youth from
poor
families trained as paralegals and community surveyors are identifying and
resolving
land issues of the poor in remote villages in the Indian State of Andhra
Pradesh. A multipronged
strategy has been adopted as part of a unique model for ensuring secure
land
rights to the poor. This project began with a pilot project in Cuddapah
District in July
2003. Since inception the program has expanded to cover parts of every
district in the
State.
II. BACKGROUND AND ORIGINS OF THE PROJECT
A. Land Reform in Andhra Pradesh- An Unfinished Agenda
Andhra Pradesh, the most populous state in southern India, has a
predominantly
agrarian economy. More than 75% of the people in rural areas depend on
agriculture and
allied activities for their livelihood.
At Independence in 1947, India inherited three types of land revenue
systems
from the British. These systems broadly defined the relationships among
the layers of
land rights and control exercised by (or imposed upon) the state,
landowners, landlords,
tenants, and laborers.1 As a result, many individuals gained intermediate
rights to control
land and land revenue, placing increasing pressure on the poor who
actually cultivated
the land.
In addition, tenancy was widespread in India during the early years after
1947.
The system greatly favored powerful landlords at the expense of their
tenants. Most
tenancies were oral and the landlord could terminate them at will. Laws
provided
virtually no protection for the most vulnerable tenants.
After achieving independence, national and state governments in India
embarked
on a strong land reform agenda with a view to bringing about a more
equitable
distribution of land. A slew of progressive land reform legislation was
adopted. In
Andhra Pradesh, as elsewhere in India, the major thrust of these laws was
to ensure
secure land rights to the poor.2
1 Forbackground on India land tenure systems, see generally P.S. APPU, 1996. LAND
REFORMS IN INDIA
(New Delhi: Vikas Publishing); G. KOTOSKY, 1964. AGRARIAN REFORMS IN INDIA (New
Delhi: People’s
Publishing House).
2 A partial list of the land reform legislation adopted in Andhra Pradesh since
independence includes: AP
Land Reforms (Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings) Act, 1973; AP (Andhra Area) Tenancy
Act, 1956; AP
(Telangana Area) Tenancy And Agricultural Lands Act, 1950; AP Assigned Lands
(Prohibition Of
Transfer) Act, l977; A.P (Telangana Area) Abolition Of Inams Act, 1955; AP Land
Grabbing (Prohibition)
Act, 1982; Andhra Pradesh Rights in Land And Pattadar Pass Books Act, 1971; and
Andhra Pradesh
Occupants Of Homesteads (Conferment Of Ownership) Act, 1976.
5
Land reform in Andhra Pradesh focused on three main areas: abolition of
intermediaries, tenancy reform and the imposition of land ceilings.
Tenancy reform
legislation affected both existing and future tenancies and was intended to
give tenants
greater security. Generally, existing tenants received permanent rights to
occupy the land
on which they lived. Future tenancies were either prohibited or severely
restricted.3
While the tenancy reform laws largely failed to achieve their goals of
protecting tenants
and providing land ownership rights to the landless rural poor, the
restrictions did result
in approximately 107,000 tenants receiving ownership rights to almost
600,000 acres.
After 1947 all Indian states adopted land ceiling legislation that limited the
amount of agricultural land a person or family can own. The laws were
designed to
equalize land holdings by taking possession, often for inadequate
compensation, of the
land in excess of the ceiling. Excess land was then to be redistributed to
poor, landless,
and marginal farmers.4 In Andhra Pradesh, the land ceiling law gave
another 582,319
acres to over 540,344 beneficiaries. State government statistics report
647,344
households benefiting from these land reform laws, which amounts to one
percent of all
rural households in Andhra Pradesh.5 Other households benefited from
wasteland
distribution programs. As of March 2002, the State had distributed
4,202,000 acres of
assignable government land to eligible beneficiaries.6
Yet, despite a definitive pro-poor slant in the laws and 3 decades of
sustained
official effort, many of those who were supposed to be land reform
beneficiaries as well
as other small and marginal farm families in Andhra Pradesh (and
elsewhere in India)
have not fully realized the land rights to which they are entitled. They do
not know their
rights and are usually unable to assert those rights when they do
understand them.
Thousands of land cases of the poor are pending in various courts. The
reforms have been
undermined by many factors, including corruption, lack of resources, weak
administrative mechanisms and diversion of land administration personnel
to other work.
Perhaps most importantly, land reform has become a lower priority for the
State.
B. Origins of the Land Component of IKP
1. The Indira Kranti Patham Project
3 The State of Andhra Pradesh is divided into two areas which to some extent are
governed by different
laws. The Telangana area of Andhra Pradesh prohibits new tenancies unless the landowner
is a smallholder
(defined as holding less than 18 acres of irrigated land) or deemed “disabled,” a status
defined to include
women. Where tenancies are permitted under these exceptions, they must meet precise
requirements for
duration of the tenancy and rate imposed. In the Andhra area of Andhra Pradesh, the law
permits tenancy
relationships, but they must meet strict requirements regarding duration, rates, and
renewal that grant
substantial rights to qualifying tenants.
4 In Andhra Pradesh, the law permits a family of five to hold between 10 and 54 acres of
land depending
upon the quality of the land. N.C. BEHURIA, 1997. LAND REFORMS LEGISLATION IN INDIA:
A
COMPARATIVE STUDY (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House).
5 The calculation is based on the 2001 census for A.P.
6 ANNUAL REPORT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT, 2002-
2003, at Annex XL.
6
These land issues are being tackled as part of the larger Indira Kranti
Patham
(IKP) project which is implemented by the Society of Elimination of Rural
Poverty
(SERP) through District Rural Development Agencies. IKP is a statewide,
community
demand driven, rural poverty alleviation project. The overall objectives of
the project are
poverty alleviation and empowerment of the poor through institution
building and
enhancement of livelihood opportunities so that they are able to articulate
their needs and
aspirations and access natural resources and facilities available in an
optimum manner.
IKP grew out of the South Asian Poverty Alleviation Project (SAPAP)
which was
implemented in the early 1990’s in a select 100 districts across India of
which 4 were in
Andhra Pradesh. Many of the lessons learned from SAPAP were
incorporated into Phase
I of IKP when it began in the mid-1990s. IKP is being implemented
throughout the State.
SERP is an independent autonomous Society established under Indian
Law.
SERP was established as an independent entity because it was thought that
the
Department of Rural Development would be unable to adopt a sufficiently
pro-poor
approach to the goals of IKP. However, while SERP technically is not a
government
agency, it is led by government ministers who have been deputed to it.
Thus, SERP is
managed by an executive council headed by the Minister and Principal
Secretary of the
State Department of Rural Development. Most of the senior managers are
Andhra
Pradesh government officers. This close relationship between SERP and
the government
has allowed SERP managers to hand-pick its senior staff from government
ranks.
However, not all staff are government officers; some come from the
private sector.
2. Reliance on Self Help Groups of Poor Women
IKP depends heavily on a network of “Self Help Groups” of poor women.
One
major lesson learned from the experience in Andhra Pradesh is that poor
women, when
organized into strong groups, as a collective have much stronger
bargaining power and
are better able to articulate their needs and demands. As a result, pro-poor
project
initiatives become easier to facilitate. Accordingly, institution-building of
the poor
women was a major area of emphasis in Phase I of IKP. There are now
approximately
700,000 Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Andhra Pradesh.7
Typically, 10-12 women form a SHG. At the village level the SHGs
together
comprise a Village Organization (VO). The leaders of the SHGs are
members of the
VOs. These VOs federate at the mandal8 level into Mandal Samakhyas
(MS). The
leaders of the VOs are members of the MS. At the district level the MSs
federate into the
Zilla (District) Samakhyas. The leaders of the MSs are members of the
District
Samakhya.9 All those who are part of the SHG network, from SHG
members at the
village level up through the leaders of the Zilla Samakhyas, are women.
7 This is the most recent count as reported by the CEO of IKP.
8 Andhra Pradesh consists of 23 districts. A “mandal” is a subdivision of a district. Thus,
each district is
made up of multiple mandals.
9 See the chart attached as Annex 1.
7
With personal savings as the starting point the SHGs form the base of a
massive
micro finance network which makes loans to the members and others. This
network has
established strong linkages with commercial banks. Social goals such as
eliminating
child labor, eschewing domestic violence and reducing alcohol abuse, also
form a part of
their agenda. Backed by a strong network of community workers the
federations of poor
women in Andhra Pradesh have achieved unprecedented success both
economically and
in other spheres of life.10
3. The Development of the IKP Land Component
When IKP started in the mid-1990s, the program did not include any
activities
aimed at helping its target group – the poorest of the rural poor – to secure
rights to land.
Gradually, SERP, the AP state government, and the World Bank recognized
the
important connection between land access and poverty alleviation. One of
the major
findings of a World Bank poverty analysis for Andhra Pradesh identified
limited
ownership of land as a major reason for a lack of economic activities
available to the
rural poor.11 As a summary of the report stated:
The project constituency are largely landless. In addition to …
healthrelated
constraints … lack of natural capital is a barrier to the rural poor
moving out of poverty. Landlessness and poverty are two closely related
conditions. Alongside land reform processes, the project must search for
alternative means by which to connect the poor to a base of productive
natural capital.12
The government’s poverty reduction strategy also recognized security of
land rights as an
important area of emphasis.13 There was wide-spread recognition that the
rural poor
suffered from a lack of awareness and access to information about their
rights and a lack
of legal support to enable them to take advantage of the government’s pro-
poor land
legislation and programs. This situation prevailed in non-tribal and tribal
areas alike.14
So, in 2002, planning began to add a new land component to IKP to help
the rural
landless gain access to land.
The objectives of the IKP land component are to:
10 The achievements of the SHG movement have prompted visits by two World Bank
Presidents and the
President of the United States.
11 World Bank, Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Credit in the Amount of SDR
114 Million
(US$150 Million) to the India for the Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project,
January 3, 2003, at
5. (Hereinafter this document is referred to as the “WB PAD.”)
12 Id. at Annex I: Attachment 3, page 43-44.
13 Id. At 7-8
14 “Tribal areas” refers to land in specified areas occupied by indigenous groups known
collectively in India
as “Scheduled Tribes.” Scheduled Tribe members are those who originally inhabited
forest areas and
whom the government recognized as especially vulnerable to exploitation. Under the
Andhra Pradesh
Schedule Areas Land Transfer Regulation, 1959, as amended in 1970, 1971 and 1978,
land in tribal areas
may not be transferred to those who are not members of Scheduled Tribes. Non-tribal
areas includes all
land not located in Tribal areas.
8
Secure land rights of the poor in the State by adopting a multi-pronged
strategy
and converging with existing service delivery mechanisms.
Build awareness of the poor of the various land laws in the State and their
rights
and entitlements under the land reform legislation.
Make the federations of women the platform on which the poorest of the
poor can
articulate the issues relating to their land rights and a channel through
which the
system takes cognizance of and addresses land related problems.
Empower the poor to enable them to fight for their land rights on a level
playing
field by providing the necessary support at every level.
Provide necessary complementary support to the existing government
machinery
in addressing land issues of the poor.
Form constructive working partnerships with Government Departments,
academic
and other institutions and individuals wherever desirable to achieve the
objectives.
Provide legal advice and assistance to the poor in case of litigation
involving land
disputes.
In order to achieve these objectives a pro-poor organizational support
structure
has been put in place. This structure is staffed primarily by current and
retired
functionaries from Government and youth from civil society, most of
whom are
themselves from poor families. Lawyers and surveyors provide technical
support. The
administrative structure is described in Annex 2.
The IKP project includes two land-related components: (1) a Land
Purchase
component in which government funds are used to purchase plots of land
for landless
rural families,15 and (2) a “Non-Purchase” component, the basic aim of
which is to ensure
secure land rights to the poor through methods other than purchasing and
distributing
land. The initial budget for the entire land component was five million
rupees.16 This case
study focuses only on the Non-Purchase (“NP”) program.
IKP leaders took the lead in initiating the NP program. As the Land
Purchase
component was taking shape, IKP officials noticed that the administrative
process
established to resolve land disputes was ill-defined and distinctly anti-poor.
Disposal of
cases was ad hoc and the revenue magistrates were not trained to deal with
cases
effectively. This prompted IKP to take a closer look at the system and its
flaws.
15 Unusually, the World Bank sanctioned a pilot land purchase scheme (US$5 million)
wherein land was
identified and rates negotiated by interested members of the Self Help Groups and
purchased in the names
of women. The Bank normally does not finance the acquisition of land. See WB PAD at
10 and 48.
16 Society of Elimination of Rural Poverty, Indira Kranthi Patham Land Access for the
Poor, at 3
(undated.)
9
Coincidentally, a student leader at the NALSAR University law school
approached IKP to discuss legal literacy camps that a group of students
were conducting
to create awareness among the public on various legal issues affecting
them. In response,
IKP suggested to the students that they might focus their volunteer
activities on IKP land
legal issues. The students enthusiastically agreed. IKP’s director at the time
followed up
with a series of meetings with Revenue System officials in Warangal
District and
convinced them to give the students access to pending case files so that
they could
perform fact-finding and otherwise assist in resolving the cases. The
students’ work led
to the resolution of some cases at the village level in that District.
These early efforts met with general approval and acceptance by the
Revenue
System officials. The efforts also led to the development of the NP
program described
below.
III. THE PROCESS AND ACTIVITIES OF IKP NON-
PURCHASE
The specific goals of the IKP Non-Purchase program are: (1) making poor
people
aware of their rights; (2) ensuring title and tenure security of lands to the
poor by
identifying and resolving issues relating to land; and (3) socially
empowering the poor to
assert their rights. The ultimate goal is to provide the community with the
power to
handle their own land issues capably. Thus, an overriding objective is to
transfer land
knowledge and information to the village communities. The direct
beneficiaries (clients)
of NP are the individual women members of the village SHGs and their
families.
The program works mostly through training young people from villages to
act as
paralegals. The paralegals teach members of SHGs about their legal rights.
They also
work with the women and other local activists to identify and help resolve
land issues and
disputes to which the women are parties. Because many of the cases
require surveys (and
the government has a shortage of surveyors), the program also trains
educated youth from
the villages as “community surveyors” in partnership with the Department
of Survey and
Settlement. They work with the paralegals to resolve cases requiring
survey work. The
SHGs’ enhanced awareness and collective power also helps their members
in asserting
their rights.
The work of the paralegals and community surveyors is increasingly
augmented
by assistance from lawyers and law students in the Legal Assistance
Program for Land
(LAPL) program. Other programs, such as creation of a Land Center,
expanding a
partnership with a large law school and enhanced training are in the
process of
implementation under the auspices of NP.
A. Beginning of the Non-Purchase Project
The formal NP activities started modestly in 2003. In each of 22 districts,
one
employee of the district land administration department received a series of
orientation
and training sessions on land issues affecting the poor. Thereafter each
such functionary
10
began identifying land issues of the poor and bringing them to the attention
of
departmental officials. The functionaries attempted to use their influence in
the
department to persuade the officials to address them.
Over the next two years the activities and scope of the project were
expanded.
One of the key new initiatives of IKP was a pilot legal assistance program
in 41 mandals
of Cuddapah District.17 The program is restricted to land issues. The
objectives of the
pilot program were to:
Design and implement a Legal Assistance Program on a pilot basis in
select
Revenue Courts.18
Speed up the resolution of cases in Revenue Courts.
Sensitize the Revenue Magistrates on the importance of their role.
Train and make available paralegals to act as a bridge between the
community
and the system.
Gain a better understanding of the nature of cases pending in revenue
courts.
Develop a model for implementing the legal assistance program at the
district
level.
In the pilot project paralegals were trained and put to work. In total, 152
cases involving
1,648 acres of land were successfully resolved during the pilot period.
After this initial
success, the pilot project was expanded to 41 mandals in the district.
B. The Role of Paralegals and Community Surveyors
Based on experience gained in the pilot program, IKP NP has been
expanded to
more than 400 mandals in 22 of 23 districts of Andhra Pradesh.19
Paralegals and
community surveyors are the foot soldiers of the NP project. They are
trained to work
directly with their clients, the women in the SHG network, to resolve
specific landrelated
problems and to educate and empower poor women so that they will
become
increasingly able to solve such problems on their own. All come from
rural,
underprivileged backgrounds. An estimated 80% of the paralegals and
community
surveyors are male. This is due in part to the fact that social factors
constrain women
from taking these positions because the jobs often require traveling or
staying in villages
after dark, which is culturally difficult in rural India.
1. Training of Paralegals
17 Id. at 5.
18 Generally, the Revenue Courts are charged with resolving land-related disputes in A.P.
19 Society of Elimination of Rural Poverty, Indira Kranthi Patham Land Access for the
Poor, at 6
(undated). NP does not operate in Hyderabad District because it is entirely urban.
11
Paralegals and community surveyors undergo separate training. While the
paralegal training program in each district may vary slightly, the program
generally
includes three parts: (1) several days of immersion training in a village to
learn about
IKP from the VO and SHGs, get to know the VO leaders and SHG
members and learn
about the SHG concept and land problems; (2) several more days of
training on basic
land laws, rules and revenue records; (3) field training as part of the
physical inventory of
a designated village, described in more detail below; and (4) course work
at NALSAR
University of Law20 after the completion of a few months of field work.
Overall,
paralegals are taught how to identify and resolve land issues. A handbook
has been
prepared for the paralegals in each district. It identifies 19 issues they may
encounter.
2. Training of Community Surveyors
Training of the community surveyors begins with an extended session21 at
the
Survey Training Academy in Hyderabad, the state capitol. They (1) learn
about the
theory of survey and its importance; (2) make field visits to learn how to
conduct
surveys; and (3) prepare maps on the field visits. The community
surveyors also visit
government offices to review the different types of land records and see
how they are
maintained. The training is intended to teach survey skills and impart a
pro-poor
perspective. Those who pass the Academy course are sent to a village for
immersion
training similar to that experienced by the paralegals. In addition, during
the immersion
period the community surveyors conduct a demographic survey of the
village, which
includes obtaining information about land and the security of land rights.
After their immersion training, the community surveyors begin an
apprenticeship
with the Mandal Surveyors. The goal is for community surveyors to be
able to perform
surveys independently within 6-12 months. They learn how to act as
intermediaries
between the SHGs and MSs and the Revenue Officers. 22
3. Training in Physical Inventories of a Designated Village
As part of their training, paralegals and community surveyors participate in
a
comprehensive physical inventory of a village. In addition to training, the
objectives of
the physical inventory are to: (1) educate the people in the village about
land issues; (2)
resolve some of the problems found in the village and try to prevent future
problems; and
(3) teach the SHGs how to solve land problems themselves.
The focus of the physical inventories is on determining the occupancy and
land
record status of government land that had previously been assigned to a
poor family but
where, for any number of reasons, the assignment was never fully
consummated. Each
20 Although the paralegals are not law students; the law school provides them with several
days of
coursework geared specifically to their tasks on this project.
21 For example, community surveyors in Anantapur District attended 57 days of training at
the Academy.
22 Mandal Surveyors and Revenue Officers are government employees who work as part
of the Revenue
System that administers land in the State.
12
inventory generally consists of several steps: (1) using local land records to
identify what
land on the village map is government land; (2) visiting the field with the
map to
determine who actually occupies the government land; (3) if the land is
being occupied
by someone other than who is shown on the Assignment Register, the team
inquires
immediately to try to explain the discrepancy; and (4) creating a list of all
discrepancies
and making further inquiry in the village at night in order to speak to those
who were not
on the land during the day. Ultimately, paralegals and community
surveyors attempt to
resolve any problems identified in the physical inventory.
4. Duties of the Paralegals
Each paralegal is assigned to one mandal. Initially, each paralegal
concentrates
on three villages. Once the work in those villages is completed, the
paralegal moves on to
other villages in the mandal. Their duties fall into five major categories as
described
below.
A. Working with SHGs. One of the most important functions of the
paralegals is
working to educate and empower the SHGs to enable them to address
issues related to
land. The first step is to attend monthly meetings of the SHGs to explain
why the
paralegal has come and to build confidence and trust. The paralegals
provide information
regarding land records and land rights and inquire about land problems
faced by
individual SHG members. One goal is to encourage the members to bring
land problems
to the paralegal for assistance.
B. Identification of Land Issues. Based on information provided by the
SHGs
and, in some cases, from the physical inventories, the paralegals identify
and record land
issues plaguing the SHG members. Such issues often include: (1) the
“Patta” (land title
certificate) has been issued under the land distribution program but the
assignee has not
received physical possession of the land; (2) the assignee has physical
possession but not
the Patta; (3) the assignee has a Patta and possession of the land but the
local revenue
records do not reflect such ownership; (4) the assignee has undisputed
ownership but a
locally powerful person has encroached on the property; (5) the land is tied
up in very
lengthy litigation, possibly in more than one court; (6) there is a boundary
dispute; (7)
there is government land available for distribution to the poor but which
has not been
distributed; and (8) a locally powerful person has caused a criminal case to
be filed
against a poor person in connection with a land dispute. For each such
reported issue the
paralegal conducts an inquiry and prepares a written case report for the
Village
Organization.
C. Formal Petition to the Government Revenue System via the SHG
Network.
After receiving the paralegal’s report, the VO passes a resolution to
forward the issue to
the Mandal Samakhya for onward transfer to the government
administrative process for
formal redress. The paralegal assists the MS in filing a formal petition to
the
administrative body with full and accurate details of the case.
13
D. Assistance and Support to the Revenue System. Depending on the type
of
issue, the paralegal may provide assistance, support or advice to the
administrative
machinery in order to resolve the issue. This could be in the form of filing
applications in
the prescribed format with full details of the case, providing one of IKP’s
surveyors23 to
survey disputed land, doing local enquiry of actual facts on the ground,
obtaining a legal
opinion from the IKP District legal coordinator or a lawyer, assisting the
government
machinery to issue notices or providing legal support in court.
E. Tracking the Case until it Is Resolved. The paralegal is responsible for
tracking the progress of individual cases to ensure they are progressing
satisfactorily.
Paralegals are expected to provide reports on cases and outcomes to the
IKP District
Office every two weeks in a format prescribed by SERP. At the District
office a
computer operator enters the data.24
5. Duties of Community Surveyors
Like the paralegals, community surveyors work closely with the SHG
network to
identify and resolve land problems. Their duties include:
A. Working with SHGs. Although identifying land problems is primarily
the
responsibility of the paralegals, community surveyors also spend time with
the SHGs to
help on issue identification and sensitizing SHG members on their legal
rights.
B. Interaction with Revenue Surveyors. The community surveyors liaise
between the SHGs and the Mandal Surveyors and other Revenue System
functionaries.
They work directly with Mandal Surveyors on issue resolution.
C. Conducting Surveys. Eventually, at the end of their apprenticeships the
community surveyors will conduct their own surveys independent of the
Revenue System
Surveyors.
6. Supervision and Management of Paralegals and Community
Surveyors
Paralegals are contract employees of the MSs which can and will terminate
them
for poor performance. Their first priority is to carry out the wishes of the
MS. They
attend MS meetings once each month when land issues are on the agenda.
Community
surveyors are hired and work for the District Samakhyas. Anecdotal
evidence suggests
that this unusual arrangement, where the largely uneducated women who
manage the
MSs and DSs employ educated, mostly male paralegals and community
surveyors, is
working well. This may be due to the fact that many of the women in the
SHG network
have been dealing successfully with bankers, traders and others for more
than a decade as
part of SHG network activities. They have been overseeing the IKP
support staff, many
23 IKP has access to trained surveyors to work on boundary disputes. These surveyors are
fully trained and
should be distinguished from the community surveyors described in this section.
24 In Kurnool District the data is entered in Word format because the office lacks database
software.
14
of whom are male, for many years so do not find it daunting to supervise
the male
paralegals and community surveyors.
C. The Legal Assistance Program for the Poor
Another component of the IKP Non-Purchase project is the Legal
Assistance
Program for the Poor (LAPL). This program is being established in both
tribal and nontribal
(“plain”) areas. In each area, the project plans to establish a lawyer’s panel
at the
district level to provide lawyers to represent the poor in land litigation.
Such panels have
not yet proceeded beyond the conceptual stage.25
In general, the poor in India lack awareness and information about their
legal
rights and have little or no legal support in enforcing those rights. In
addition to being
unable to take advantage of the Government’s pro-poor land legislation
and programs,
the high cost and the enormous length of time involved in the litigation
process puts the
poor in a very vulnerable position.
2
6The broad objectives of the LAPL are essentially the same as the larger
NP
project: (1) provide legal assistance to the poor; (2) create legal awareness
among them of
their land rights so as to legally empower them to protect their rights by
providing them
with necessary information. Several steps have been adopted in order to
achieve these
objectives:
IKP has entered into agreements with several law colleges under which
the colleges will provide clinical training in land and tribal law to students.
The students are given access to files in the courts where judgments
adverse to the poor have been entered. The students study the files and
prepare lists of cases with grounds for appeal.
25 Fordetails of these panels, see Annex 3.
26 Thepreceding case is from Nielsen and Hanstad, A Preliminary Examination of the
Systems for
Resolving the Land Disputes of India’s Rural Poor With Specific Reference to the States
of Andhra Pradesh
and Gujarat, (2006) at 6 (unpublished paper prepared for the World Bank and on file at
the Rural
Development Institute, Seattle, Washington).
In 2000 the State of Andhra Pradesh assigned a parcel of
vacant land to a group of landless women in the village of
Somireddipally in Cuddapah District. Some nonresidents
opposed the assignment in court, claiming that they had spent
15 years cultivating the land after they had been assigned the
land in 1986. The lowest level court official found that the
nonresidents had no evidence of ownership and were not
cultivating the land. However, on appeal the High Court
granted an injunction to the nonresidents preventing the
revenue department from reassigning the land. The action has
been pending since 2001. No one is cultivating the land.
15
Competent lawyers from a lawyer’s panel, when it is established, will
then
be retained to pursue the valid appeals.
Lawyers are also available to represent the interests of the poor in cases
involving tribal
and non-tribal lands in the high court.
The LAPL program for members of Scheduled Tribes (STs) is operational
in 76
tribal mandals in the districts of Adilabad, Warangal, West Godavari and
Visakhapatnam
in the State. The program is also known as Giri Nyayam. It assists ST
members in
enforcing land rights granted to them under the stringent Andhra Pradesh
Scheduled
Areas Land Transfer Regulation of 1959 (popularly referred to as LTR).
LTR prohibits
the transfer of certain land to any person except a member of a ST. The law
also
established special courts to adjudicate legal disputes related to ownership
of such land.
Despite this law, more than 48% of the land in Scheduled Areas is held by
non-tribals.
This is due largely to STs having little or no awareness of their legal rights
or voice in
matters involving ST land and because government officials have had little
understanding
of, or sympathy for, ST land rights.
D. Other Aspects of IKP Non-Purchase
1. Creation of a Land Rights and Legal Assistance Center in Each
District
IKP intends to establish a Land Rights and Legal Assistance Center in each
District of the State. These centers will serve as one-stop service centers
for the poor to
find detailed information on land, land ownership and land litigation.
Constituents will
also have access to the services of paralegals, surveyors, Revenue
Department
functionaries and lawyers. Work on these centers is progressing briskly.
Computers have
been procured for digitizing information at every level.
2. Training Community Members; Handbook
To date approximately 500 members of the SHG community have received
training on rudimentary land laws. In addition, with assistance from
lawyers and revenue
system functionaries, NP has developed a series of handbooks in the local
language,
Telegu, containing step-by-step procedures for identifying and resolving
common land
issues for use by the paralegals and SHGs.27
3. Partnership with Law Schools and Law Colleges
IKP has entered into an agreement with the NALSAR University of Law in
Hyderabad covering the following activities:
Establishing a Tribal Land Rights course.
Organizing a Paralegal Certification course.
27 The development of the handbooks is described in Annex 4.
16
Facilitating the speedy disposal of land cases pending in civil courts.
Providing legal support to LTR authorities.
Research and documentation of issues pertaining to tribal land rights.
In addition, IKP has entered into partnerships with other law colleges for
the purposes of
making students available to act as volunteer paralegals and advocates for
the poor. Law
students who take a Legal Aid Clinic course are required to provide free
legal aid to the
poor. This assistance is provided via LAPL.
LAPL conducted a training program in May 2007 for 70 students from 18
law
colleges in 14 districts on land legislation and legal aid. The main
objective of this
training was to sensitize students about the importance of legal aid
activities in the law
curriculum and to provide skills training. The training program triggered
legal aid
activities in 12 law colleges in 9 districts. Each student adopted one village
with the aim
of making it a land litigation-free village. The students are working in the
villages to
identify land problems of the poor and assist in getting them resolved.
IV. RESOURCES REQUIRED
Within IKP, the NP component is overseen by a Project Manager and a
State
Legal Coordinator at the state level. In each district, the project is managed
by a District
Project Manager, a Land Manager and a Legal Coordinator.28
Funding for NP comes from the larger World Bank-supported IKP Land
Project.
The budget for NP was Rs 107,100,00029 for the 2006-07 fiscal year, the
most recent year
for which the data are available.30 Estimated personnel-related costs per
month for the
entire IKP Land Component are Rs 1,535,000, as described in Table 1.
Paralegals work
only on the NP portion of IKP Land. Other staff members work on both the
Land
Purchase and NP projects.
Paralegals are paid a monthly salary of Rs 2,500 plus up to Rs 1,000 in
reimbursement for work-related travel costs. Community surveyors receive
Rs 3,500 per
month with no travel cost reimbursement. These salaries would generally
be viewed as
sufficient to support a simple lifestyle in a rural area. According to
interviews in Kurnool
and Anantapur Districts in March 200731, however, paralegals and
community surveyors
believe these salaries are too low. In the latter District, those interviewed
suggested
monthly salaries in the range of Rs 5,000-6,500.32
28 See Annex 2.
29 Using an exchange rate of Rs 45/US$1, the generally prevailing rate in 2006, this
translates to
US$2,380,000.
30 Government of Andhra Pradesh Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Department
Order
G.O.Ms.No.312 (Aug. 7, 2006) at 2.
31 Field interviews conducted by co-author Darryl Vhugen and Tim Hanstad, president of
the Rural
Development Institute.
32 Community surveyors also suggested they be provided with GPS devices for the
surveys and perhaps
small motorcycles for their travel requirements.
17
TABLE 1: ESTIMATED MONTHLY BUDGET
FOR IKP LAND COMPONENT33
Category Remuneration per
person (inclusive of
transport) (Rs)
No. of staff Total Cost
(Rs)
State Project
Manager
40,000
1
40,000
State Legal
coordinator
25,000
1
25,000
Project Managers
(State)
30,000
2
40,000
Additional Project
Directors (District
Level)
30,000
22 @ 1 per district
660,000
District Project
Managers
15,000
22 @ 1 per district
330,000
District Land
Managers
10,000
22 @ 1 per district
220,000
District Legal
Coordinators
10,000
22 @ 1 per district
220,000
Paralegals 3,500 400 1,400,000
Community
Surveyors
3,500
400
1,400,000
Total 892 2,955,000
V. IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM TO DATE
While the Non-Purchase project is too new to show any long-term effects,
some
preliminary quantitative and qualitative impacts can be reported.
A. Statistical Results
The statistical results from the first year of the scaled up version of the IKP
Non-
Purchase program are impressive. As detailed in Annex 5, the project
reports significant
activities in 19 districts during the year ending on October 10, 2007. In that
period, the
program identified land issues involving a total of 78,873 people covering
over 110,000
acres of land. The issues fall into 25 defined categories. More than 27% of
those issues
have been resolved.
33 The costs listed in Table 1 are approximate costs. The State Project Manager, Additional
Project
Directors and District Project Managers are Government Servants and are paid as per their
seniority so their
salaries may vary from district to district. Generally, IKP Land does not have office space
separate from
that already paid for by IKP generally. Space for land centers in the districts will cost
from Rs 2,000-5,000
per office.
18
Comprehensive, state-wide statistical results are not available for LAPL.
However, in the first 33 months of the pilot project in Cuddapah District,
the project
assisted 6,155 people in 41 mandals with problems involving 11,325 acres
of land. As
of August 2007, land problems of 9,371 people involving 16,967 acres had
been
submitted to Revenue System authorities for action.34
B. Other Impacts
In addition to statistical results, several qualitative impacts have been
observed:
1. Land Issues Becoming Part of the Agenda of Poor Women’s
Federations
In Andhra Pradesh women’s federations have been at the center of
development
efforts which have resolved several social and economic issues by
themselves. The
addition of land issues to their agenda is proving to be a positive step
forward for those
development efforts.
Observers at the village level report that after the first land issue has been
resolved the SHG members invariably become convinced of the IKP
functionary’s
commitment to resolving their issues. Moreover, the more vocal members
(usually the
leaders) are often the first to speak up and have their issues addressed. As a
result, these
influential women tend to speak positively of their experience to the other
members.
That factor, combined with the effect of regular attendance at SHG
network meetings of
paralegals and occasionally of the legal coordinator, results in the regular
inclusion of
land issues as agenda items at the VO and the MS meetings. This, in turn,
raises even
more awareness of land issues and how they can be resolved.
All of the women interviewed during the study said that they previously
would
not even dream of taking up land issues as an SHG agenda item as they
lacked awareness
34 Thecase in the following text box was reported to co-author Karuna Vakati in field
work conducted in
November 2007.
For 60 years a group of families in Lingannapalem village in
the Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh have cultivated 54
acres of government-owned land. Beginning in early 1983,
these families attempted to obtain title to their ¼ acre parcels
pursuant to government rules providing that poor people in
possession of government lands should receive title after a
requisite number of years of cultivation. However, their efforts
were thwarted by a powerful owner of adjacent land who
exerted pressure on government officials and the families
themselves. Finally, after more than twenty years, the families
have obtained title to their parcels because of the efforts of a
paralegal and community surveyor made available through the
NP project in Andhra Pradesh.
19
and sufficient information on which to do so. But with the encouragement
of the IKP land
functionaries they feel capable of discussing the issues and applying
formally to the
Revenue Department for redress. NP is proving to be a very empowering
tool.
2. Revenue Administration Beginning to View Land Issues of the Poor
as a
Separate and Important Responsibility
The IKP NP, with the strong support of the Department of Rural
Development,
has prompted Revenue System officials to pay attention to land issues of
the poor as
never before. Such issues are now listed separately in system records and
the concerned
officials are regularly reviewed on actions taken. This places pressure on
the
administrative machinery to consider and respond to land issues promptly.
3. Revenue System Is Beginning to Seek IKP Assistance on Land
Issues
Increasingly, the Revenue System functionaries are depending on IKP
paralegals
and others to assist in investigating and resolving land cases. The work
done by
paralegals is ensuring that the facts are reaching the officials. The
availability of IKP
community surveyors is reducing the waiting time for surveys by months if
not years.
Revenue System surveyors are in chronically short supply because of past
policy
decisions and because of the numerous general tasks assigned to them. As
a result, it is
often months before a surveyor is able to survey a parcel of land.
Community surveyors
are beginning to reduce this time lag and they are beginning to make the
jobs of the
government surveyors easier as they cooperate on cases involving the poor.
There is
plenty of room in the system for the government and IKP surveyors to
work in a
complementary fashion. Generally speaking, Revenue System officials
have welcomed
the involvement of IKP as it has enabled them to reduce the backlog of
cases they must
address. Thus, IKP has found little resistance from the system in pursing
the NP
activities.
Similarly, the availability of an IKP legal coordinator who is able to
provide a
legal perspective to a land issue is proving very useful for the revenue
officials in making
decisions. Usually, such officials do not have the benefit of such legal
advice because (1)
legal opinions are not available if a specific case is not in court and the
officials prefer to
tread cautiously or, (2) even where they seek a legal opinion the
Government Pleader in
the district has so much work that there will be considerable delays in
receiving the
opinion.
4. IKP Is Providing Representation to the Poor in the Courts
In the courts, IKP’s ability to engage competent and committed lawyers to
represent the poor on land cases in the various appellate courts (revenue
and civil) at
various levels (from sub district, district and state level) is beginning to
ensure defense of
the interests of the poor. Previously, most rural poor were forced to
represent themselves
in court. While the lawyer’s panels have yet to be established, IKP has
provided lawyers
in approximately 500 land cases to date.
20
The law college training program described above led to legal aid activities
in 12
law colleges in 9 districts. The students are working in tribal and non-tribal
areas alike.
Each student adopted one village and is working to identify and resolve
land problems of
the poor. The goal is to make each village free of land litigation.
5. Impact on Men
Formal research has not been conducted on how NP has affected males in
SHG
member families. Overall, men benefit from the NP program’s successes to
the same
extent as their female relatives. This is because the land problems resolved
by the efforts
of the paralegals and others often relate to land that was initially allocated
in the name of
men. In addition, since the mid-1980s government land in Andhra Pradesh
has been
titled in the name of women. The male members of the families benefit
when the family
receives land. Observers in the field report anecdotally that husbands do
not object to
land being placed in the name of their wives.
VI. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
While IKP NP is off to a promising start, a number of issues and
challenges have
become apparent:
1. Obtaining and Maintaining Adequate Financial and Human
Resources
Thus far, the NP project has been funded by a loan from the World Bank.
Funds
from that loan are sufficient to support the project at its current level until
September
2008. There is concern over whether the State will be able to provide
sufficient financial
support for the program thereafter. This is especially true in view of the
fact that the
project is only operating in a few mandals of each district. Demand to
further expand the
project is high and will require a substantial increase in funding. IKP NP
leaders hope to
expand the program to cover a much larger geographical area. This will
require hundreds
more paralegals and community surveyors.
In addition, with the number of issues being raised by SHG members
threatens to
overwhelm the paralegals in the mandals where they currently operate.
This is due to one
of the clear achievements of the program: raising awareness of legal rights
among the
women. This increased awareness means that more women speak up about
their land
problems. More problems mean an increase in each paralegal’s caseload.
More
paralegals will be needed simply to deal with new problems identified in
the mandals
currently covered by the project. There are no current plans to try to phase
out the
paralegals in any particular areas as project leaders believe the demand for
their services
will continue for the foreseeable future.
2. Improved Supervision and Training
21
With some 400 paralegals on staff supervision is a challenge. There are too
few
district project managers, land managers and legal coordinators to afford
an optimal level
of ongoing supervision and guidance. Some paralegals themselves have
suggested that
they could use more initial training.35
3. Maintaining Sufficient Distance between IKP and Revenue System
Staff
Overall, bringing together the IKP and Revenue System functionaries has
bred
positive results, as explained above. However, this could also mean that
NP paralegals
and community surveyors could get sucked into assisting with the routine
work of the
department as personal relationships develop. That is, the increasing
convergence of IKP
and government may make it more difficult for the NP representatives to
maintain their
pro-poor attitude.
4. Institutional challenges
Another significant challenge is to continue to make the Revenue
Department
officials assume a more pro-poor attitude toward their land-related duties.
Hitherto, land
administration was exclusively the responsibility of the Revenue
Department, a
regulatory body focused on issues of law and order. Traditionally, it
functioned in a
typically bureaucratic, top-down manner. Land distribution to the poor was
target driven
and focused on achievements on paper. Increasingly, with the weakening
of delivery
mechanisms at the grass roots level, Revenue Department work on land
issues became
mechanical, with virtually no mechanism for feedback on day-to-day work
or at the
policy level. Department functionaries did not understand that cooperating
with civil
society organizations and others to provide more secure land rights to the
poor could very
much be a part of a poverty alleviation effort.
Under IKP, for the first time in the State the issue of land rights of the poor
has
been made an integral part of the administrative poverty alleviation effort.
Among
Revenue Department officials land issues increasingly are being viewed
from a
development perspective. Sensitization workshops were conducted for the
Revenue
Department to instill a pro-poor perspective. In some cases, Deputy
Collectors (Revenue
Department officials) have been deputed to the Department of Rural
Development as
Additional Project Directors for IKP.36 The government also issued an
order
institutionalizing convergence between the Revenue Department land
administration
mechanism with civil society organizations and the community at large.37
Perhaps most importantly, the paralegals, most of whom are from the
families of
the most exploited and vulnerable, are able to identify the issues affecting
the poor and
bring them to the attention of the Revenue System. At the same time, NP
paralegals and
others have a greater understanding of the role and functioning of the
Revenue System
35 InKurnool District, paralegals suggested they could use up to 20 more days of training.
36 Government of Andhra Pradesh Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Department
Memo
No.16738/RD.I/A2/2006 (Sept. 9, 2006).
37 Government of Andhra Pradesh, G.O.Ms.No. 1148.
22
because of their training and frequent interaction with officials charged
with
administering land issues. While IKP functionaries operate outside the
mainstream
government structure, they have strong links to that structure so that they
can access
information and resources from within the system. As a result, the IKP
staff can
communicate that information to the SHG network. Thus, NP is building a
bridge
between the system and the poor it is designed to serve.
Another significant challenge is to continue to facilitate an effective
working
relationship between the IKP land functionaries, who work under the State
Department of
Rural Development, and the officials in the Department of Revenue which
is in charge of
land administration. Prior to IKP, such a convergence between the two
departments had
never been attempted before.
In response, the Department of Rural Development organized a series of
official
meetings at the state, district and sub-district level to bring together key
officials of the
two departments and educate them on the goals and methods of IKP Land.
Formal
government orders and memos were issued outlining the purpose, nature
and modalities
of this convergence. It will be a challenge to bring these meetings, orders
and memos to
life in the field.
VII. GOOD PRACTICES
At this relatively early stage in the NP process several potentially good
practices
have begun to emerge:
1. Build local community organizations (such as those in the SHG
network) to
provide a platform on which the poorest of the poor can articulate the
issues relating to
their land rights and a channel through which the system takes cognizance
of and
addresses land-related problems.
2. Design the program to transfer to members of the poor communities as
much
knowledge of land rights, issues and resolution mechanisms as possible so
as to empower
the community with the ability to resolve land problems on their own.
3. Wherever possible, hire paralegals, community surveyors and others
from poor
families so that they can more easily understand and relate to the problems
of those they
serve.
4. Promote community ownership by placing the paralegals and
community
surveyors under the supervision of the community/women’s groups in
order to encourage
greater community buy-in.
5. Include several days of village immersion in the paralegal and
community
surveyor training program to provide trainees with first hand knowledge of
the problems
facing their future clients and to instill a pro-poor attitude among them.
23
6. Design the system to support and augment existing government and civil
society service mechanisms. Provide and support linkages between project
workers, civil
society groups, the legal community and government officials charged
with land-related
responsibilities.
7. Partner with legal education institutions to create a pool of law students
to
work on legal issues of the poor and to instill a pro-poor attitude among
students to make
them more likely to take on land cases on behalf of the poor after
graduation.
8. Create and distribute handbooks in local languages including a typology
of
typical land-related issues and step-by-step procedures for identifying and
resolving those
issues.
VIII. CONCLUSION
In a relatively short time, the IKP Non-Purchase Component has made a
strong
start toward creating a robust system for addressing land issues of the rural
poor on a
sustainable basis. Overall, the IKP Land Component reflects a commitment
by the
Government of Andhra Pradesh to reinvigorating efforts towards the goal
of providing
more secure land rights to the poor as part of a larger development agenda.
The A P Land Revenue Act

Back to functions Back
to Acts
*THE ANDHRA PRADESH (TELANGANA AREA)
LAND REVENUE ACT, 1317 F.
(Act No. VIII of 1317 Fasli)
Preamble:— Whereas it is expedient to amend and
consolidate the orders and regulations relating to land
revenue; it is hereby enacted as follows:—
CHAPTE
RI
Prelimi
nary
1. Short title and commencement:—
(1) This Act may be called 1
[the Andhra Pradesh
(Telangana Area) Land
Revenue Act, 1317 F. ] and it shall come into force
from its 1 st Azur,
1318 Fasli.
2
[(l-a) It shall extend to the whole of the 3[Telangana
area of the State of Andhra Pradesh.]
(2) Previous rales and orders:— Rules and orders in
force before the
commencement of this Act, provided they are
not repugnant to the
provisions contained in this Act, shall remain in
force until rules
relating to such matters are made under this
Act.
CASE LAW
Sections 1,2, 171 -Does not apply to Jagirs - Grant of
patta in 1340 F. in Jagir land - Not valid. Loani Rules,
1347F. and Rules relating to grant of pattadari rights in
Non-khalsa villages - Applicability. State of A.P. vs. Md.
Asarfuddin Khan, 1966 (2) ALT 331.
2
[1-A. Effect of Regulations LX & LXIX of 1358
Fasli and Act XXI of 1950 on this Act:—
With effect from the commencement of the
Andhra Pradesh (Telangana Area) Board of
Revenue Regulation, 1358-F.) 1[the A.P.
(Telangana Area) (Abolition of Jagirs) Regulation
1358 F.) and 1[the Andhra Pradesh (Telangana
Area) Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1950
(Act XXI of 1950) Regulation LXI of 1358 F.
Regulation, LXIX of 1358 F. Act XXI of 1950
respectively, the provisions of this Act are
subject to the provisions of the said Regulation
and Act.]
2. Definitions:—
In this Act unless there is anything repugnant
in the subject or context,—
4
[(1) 'Revenue Officer' means every officer of any
rank whatsoever
appointed under any provision of this Act] or
of 5 [the Andhra
Pradesh (Telangana Area) Record of Rights in
Land Regulation,
1358 F.] (Regulation LXIII of 1358 F.) and
appointed for carrying on
the land revenue administration or who
discharges the function
relating to survey, assessment and
preparation of accounts and
records;
---
*. Received the assent of the Madar-ul-Moham on

21st Meher 1317-F.
1.Subs. for the original Short title by A.P. Act IX of
1961.
2.Ins. by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
3.Subs. for the words "Hyderabad area of the State of
Andhra Pradesh" by A.P. Act IX of 1961.
4.Amended by Act III of 1355-F.
5.Subs. for the origional short title by A.P. Act IX of
1961.
---
(
'Survey Officer means an officer appointed under
1
Section 12 of this Act;
-
'land' includes all kinds of benefits pertaining to
a
land or things attached to the earth, or
)
permanently fastened to things attached to the
(
earth and also includes shares in, or charges on,
1
the revenue or rent which are or may be levied on
-
villages, or other defined areas;]
b
3
number' means a portion of land the area and
)(
2 other particulars of which are separately entered
) with a number in the village records and shall
include Tote-number', if any, in a number.
(
'Pote number' means the portion of a 'number'
3
separately assessed and entered in a register.
)
'residential site' means the land set apart for the
(
purposed of construction a house whether a
4
house be constructed thereon or not and also
)
includes the court-yard or ground enclosed by or
appurtenant to a house.
( 'boundary marks' means the marks made of
5 earth, stone or any
) other material, and also a fence, or embankment
l
or any other
[ object, whether natural or artificial, set up,
( named or fixed by
6 any competent officer, in order to determine the
) boundary and
also include the boundary marks fixed before
(
1374 F.
7
'to hold land' or 'to be a land holder' of land means
)
to be lawfully
(
8
)
in possession of land whether such possession is
actual or not.]
'holding' means a portion of land held by a holder.
'Superior holder' means a land holder entitled to
receive rent or
land revenue from other land-holders (hereinafter
called 'inferior
holders') whether he is accountable or not for
such rent or land
revenue, or any part thereof to Government;
(
'occupation' means possession;
8
'to occupy land means to possess or to take
-
possession of land;
a
'occupant means a holder in actual possession
)
of unalienated
(
land other than an asami shikmi; provided that
8
where the holder
6-
in actual possession is an asami shikmi, the
(b
superior holder
8)
shall be deemed to be the occupant;
-(
'occupancy' means a portion of land held by an
d8
occupant:
)-
c[
2
)
(9 'Inam land' means the land exempted wholly
) or in part from payment of land revenue and

2
[ includes 'Muqta' and 'Agrahar' land: 3[(11)
9 'Pattadar' means the person who is directly
- responsible to the Government for payment of
a land revenue and whose name has
)
---
(
1.Subs. by Regulation No. LVIII of 1358-F.
1
0
)
2.Cls. (9) and (9-A) were omitted by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
3.Subs. by clause (11) of ibid.
---
been entered as such in Government records whether
he be personally in possession of the holding or
through his Shikmidar;] (12) Shikmidar' means the
person who like Pattadar possesses a title to the land
or who from the beginning has been jointly in
possession of the land with the Pattadar or who, before
the commencement of this Act, has acquired by virtue
of any regulation in force, or may acquire by virtue of
that law the right of a Shikmidar. 1[(13) 'osarnishikmi'
means a lessee, whether holding under an instrument
or under an oral agreement, and incudes a mortgagee
of an asami shikmi's rights with possession, but does
not include a lessee holding directly under
Government;
(14)'village' includes a town or city and all the land
belonging to a village,
town or city;
(15)'village officer; means the Patel and Patwari of a
village;
2
[(16) 'rent means the consideration in money or kind or
partly in money and partly in kind paid or payable by a
Shikmidar to his Pattadar or by an Asami Shikmi to the
holder of the land on account of the use or occupation
of the land held by him as Shikmidar or Asami Shikmi
but shall not include the rendering of any personal
service]; 3[( 17)' revenue' means the amount payable by
the holder to the Government
at fixed periods for use of or entry into the land];
4
[(18) 'chauadi' includes in any village, in which there is
no chavadi, such place as the 5[Collector] may
direct shall be deemed to be the chavadi for the
purposes of this Act.
CASE LAW
Sec.2(15) - Gumastha Patwari is Village Officer within
Sec. 2(15) and he is a public servantwithin Sec. 21(10) of
Penal Code. Y. GopalReddy vs. State of A.P., ILR 1964 A.P.
1237.
CHAPTER II
6
Appointment and Powers of

Revenue Officers
3. Chief Controlling Authority in matters

relating to land revenue:—
(1) The Chief Controlling Authority in all matters
relating to land revenue shall be the 7[Board of
Revenue constituted under 8[the Andhra Pradesh
(Telangana Area) Board of Revenue Regulation, 1358
F). (Regulation LX of 1358 F.) (hereinafter in this Act
referred to as the Board of Revenue),] subject to the
Government in the Revenue Department. 9[(2) * * *]
---
---
1.Subs. by Regulation LV1I of 1359-F.

2.Amended by Act 1 of 1354-F.
3.Subs. for Clause (17) by the A.P.A.O. 1959.
4.Subs. by Regulation LVIII of 1358-F.
5.Subs. for the word Taluqdar' by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
7.Subs for the word 'Subedar' by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
8.Subs. for the original short title by A.P. Act lX of
1961.
9.Sub-sec. (2) was omitted by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
1
[4. * *
* ] 2[5. *
* *]
6. Appointment of 3[Collector]:—
The Government shall appoint in each district a

3
[Collector] who shall be subordinate to the 4
[Board of
Revenue] and shall exercise all the powers and
discharge the duties conferred or imposed on a
3
[Collector] under this Act, or any other law for the time
being in force, and in all matters not specially provided
for by law shall act according to the instructions of the
Government.
The Government may, if necessary, appoint in any

district 5[Additional Collector] who shall discharge such
duties of a 3[Collector] as may, from time to time, be
determined by the Government.
6
[6-A. Additional Collector or Additional
3
[Taluqdar] to have had always the same
powers and duties as the Collector or
3
[Taluqdar]:—
Subject to any special orders of Government in
force at the relevant time—
(a)An Additional Collector shall have and shall be
deemed always
to have the powers and duties of a Collector; and
(b)An Additional 3[Taluqdar] shall be deemed always
to have had
the powers and duties of 3
[Taluqdar] within their
respective
districts, whether under this Act or under any other
law for the
time being in force read with 7[the Andhra Pradesh
(Telangana
Area) District Officers (Charge of Designation and
Construction
of References) Act, 1950 Act XXXV of 1950]
7. Appointment of 8[Deputy or Assistant
Collector]:—
(1)The Government may appoint in each district so
many 8[Deputy
or Assistant Collectors], as it may deem expedient,
and they may
be called Additional8 [Deputy or Assistant Collector] or
Divisional
officer or by any other name, as may be specified in
the order of
appointment. All the 8[Deputy or Assistant
Collectors] and all
other officers, employed in the revenue
administration of the
district shall be subordinate to the 3[Collector.]
(2)Duties and powers of 8[Deputy or Assistant
Collector]:—
Subject to the general orders of the Government a
3
[Collector]
may, for the purpose of revenue administration,
place one or
---
1.Section 4 was omitted by A.P.A.O. 1957.

2.Section 5 repealed by A.P. District (Formation) Act 7
of 1974.
3.Subs. for the word 'Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
4.Subs. for the words "Subedrari-i-Muttalliqa"
(concerned Subedar) by ibid.
5.Subs. for the words "Zaid Taluqdar" (Additional
Collector) by ibid.
6.Subs. by Act No. IX of 1952.
7.Subs. for the origional short title by A.P. Act IX of
1961.
8.Subs. for the words "Duwam Taluqdars" (second
Collector) by ibid.
---
more of the taluqs in his district in the charge of any
1
[Deputy or
Assistant Collector], or may himself retain charge
thereof. Any
1
[Deputy or Assistant Collector] so made in
charge of any taluq shall
pe rf orm all th e du tie s a n d exe rc ise all th e
po we rs im pos e d o r
conferred upon a 1[Deputy or Assistant
Collector] by virtue of this Act or perform
and exercise such of the duties and powers
of a 2 [Collector] as have been imposed or
conferred on a 2 [Collector] under this Act or
under any other law for the time being in
force and as may be assigned to him by the
2
[Collector] or by a special or general order
of the Government.
Provided that the 2 [Collector] may, whenever he
may deem fit, direct any such 1[Deputy or
Assistant Collector] not to perform or exercise
certain duties or powers, and may reserve the
same to himself or assign them to any other
subordinate 1[Deputy or Assistant Collector.]
(3) To such ' [Deputy or Assistant Collectors] as
it may not be possible or expedient to place
in charge of a taluqa 2 [Collector] shall, in
pursuance of the general or special order of
the Government, assign such of his special
duties and powers as may, from time to
time, appear fit.
CASE LAW
Jurisdiction of Deputy Collector to order eviction -
Basis of. Absence of objection in lower court - Effect.
Rachappa vs. Chander, 1958 (2) An.W.R. 660.
8. 1
[Deputy or Assistant Collector] to hold
charge of that office in absence of 2[Collector]
until person is appointed or 2[Collector]
resumes charge:—
(1) If the 2[Collectorj is not able to perform his services, or
for any reason vacates his office or leaves his district,
or dies, the senior most 1
[Deputy or Assistant Collector]
of the District who may be present in the district, shall
temporarily hold charge of the office, and for the
purposes of this Act shall be deemed to be a 2[Collector]
until the 2[Collectorj resumes charge or until the
Government appoints his successor and such successor
takes charges of his appointment. An officer whose
principle functions are different from those of a
[Deputy or Assistant Collector] and who is appointed
1
[Deputy or Assistant Collector] for special purposes only,
shall not be deemed to be 1
[Deputy or Assistant
Collector] for the purposes of this section. 4[9.
3
[TahsildarJ, his appointment, duties and powers:—
(1) The Revenue officer entrusted with the revenue
administration of a taluqa shall be called a
Tahsikiar' and he shall be subordinate to the
2
[CoIlectorj and the 1[Deputy or Assistant
Collectors concerned. He shall be appointed by
the Government or by an officer authorised by the
Government in this behalf by notification in the
5
[Official Gazette]. His duties and powers shall be
such as may be expressly imposed or conferred
by this Act or by any
--
1. Subs. for the words "Duwam Taluqdars" (Second

Collector) by A.P.A.O. 1957.
2. Subs. for the word Taluqedar" by ibid.
3.Subs. for the word Taiuqdar" ibid.
4.Subs. by Regulation of 135G-F.
5. Subs. for the word "jarida" by ibid.
---
other law for the time being in force, or as may be
imposed upon or delegated to him by the 1
[Collector] under the general or special order of

the Government: The Government may, if
necessary, appoint more than one Tahsildar.
(2) The Government may appoint one or more officers to
be designated as Naib Tahsildar, to assist the
Tahsildar in the revenue administration of his
taluqa, and may by general or special order confer
upon the Naib Tahsildars generally or any specified
Naib Tahsildar all or any of the powers of a
Tahsildar under this Act or any other law for the
time being in force.]
10. Tahsildar may depute subordinates to
perform certain of his
services:—
A Tahsildar may, subject to such general orders as may
from time to time be passed by the2 [Board of Revenue]
or the 1[Collector], depute any of his subordinates to
perform any portion of his ministerial or executive duties:
Provided that all acts and orders of the subordinates
so appointed shall be subject to modification and
confirmation by the Tahsildar.
11. Temporary arrangement of office of
Tahsildar:—
If a Tahsildar is not able to perform his service or for
any reason vacates his office, or leaves his taluqa, or
dies, the Peshkar or the superior clerk on the
establishment shall temporarily hold charge of the office
and shall be deemed to be the Tahsildar of that taluqa
until the Tahsildar resumes charge of the taluqa or until
such time as a successor is appointed by order of
competent authority and takes charge of the office.
12. Survey officers, their duties and powers:—
For the purposes of Chapters VII and VIII of this Act, the
Government may appoint such officers as may be from
time to time appear necessary. Such officers shall be
designated "Commissioner of Survey Settlement",
"Commissioner of Land Records", "Assistant
Commissioner of Survey Settlement", "Assistant
Commissioner of Land Records" or otherwise as may
appear requisite, and they shall be subordinate to one
another in such order as Government may fix.
Subject to the orders of the Government all matters,
connected with survey and settlement, shall relate to
the officers so appointed and they shall exercise and
perform all such powers duties as have been fixed by this
Act or any other law for the time being in force.
13. Combination of offices:—
The government may appoint one and the same
person, being otherwise competent according to law, to
any two or more of the offices provided for in this
Chapter or to confer upon an officer of one class all
---
1.Subs. for the word "Tahsildar" by A.P.A.O. 1957.

2.Subs. for the word "Subedar" by ibid.
---
or any of the powers or duties of any other officer or
officers within any
particular areas or otherwise as may appear expedient.
14. Appointment of officers to be notified:—

The appointment of all officers mentioned in Sections
3 to 9, 12 and 13 shall be notified in the manner as
may be prescribed by the Government.
15. Power of appointment of establishment:—
Subject to the rules made in this behalf under Section
172, the Government shall regulate the power of
appointment of all members of establishment vested in
1
[Board of Revenue], 2[Collector], Commissioner of Survey
Settlement and Commissioner of Land Records in their
respective departments. The Government shall also
determine, inter alia the powers which the said officers
may delegate to their subordinate officers.
Provided that the aforesaid officers shall always have
a right of modification and revision in respect of
appointments made by their such subordinate officer.
16. Power of 2[Collector] to transfer cases:—
A2[Collector]may, after recording reasons, transfer any
case from his own or from that of any of his subordinate
departments to any other department or from that of
his subordinate department to his own department.)
CHAPTER III
lOmitted]
3
CHAPTER IV
Land and Land Revenue
24. All lands etc., are property of 4[Government]:—
All public roads, lanes, paths, bridges, ditches,
dikes, rivers, streams, tanks, ponds, canals, lakes,
and flowing water and all lands, wherever situated,
together with all rights appertaining thereto are the
property of the Government excepting:—
(a)those belonging to persons or class legally
capable of holding
property and to the extent so far as their
such rights are
established;
(b)those in respect of which any other order
under any law may
have been given.
It shall be lawful for the 2
[Collector] or other officer
appointed by the 4[Government] for this purpose
subject to rules sanctioned by the Government and
contained in notification and the order of the '[Board
---
1.Subs. for the word "Subedar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.

2.Subs. for the word 'Tahsildar' by ibid.
3.Chapter III, omitted by Act No. XLIV of 1952.
4.Amended by Act No. III of 1308-F.
---
of Revenue], to dispose of them in his discretion; but the
right of way or other right legally vesting in any person
or the public shall subsist. 25. Assigning of land for
special purposes to be lawful:—
When a village is under settlement, the
1
[Commissioner of Survey Settlement or the
Commissioner of Land Records] in that Village and in
other cases with the sanction of the 2[Board of Revenue],
the 3[Collector] may, subject to the orders of the
4
[Government] set apart any Khalsa land not in the
lawful occupation of any person or class for pasturage
of cattle or for grass reserves or for other Government
purposes or for the purposes of public benefit; provided
that it does not interfere with any right of any person or
class. The land so set apart shall not be otherwise
appropriated without the order of the 2[Board of
Revenue.]
26. Animals which shall graze on land set apart for

free pasturage
of animals:—
The right of grazing on land set apart for free pasturage
of animals
shall confine only to the animals of the village within the
limits of which
the land is situate and for which it has been set apart.
If there is a dispute as to such right the decision of the
1
[Collector] in
respect thereof shall be conclusive.
27. Cases in which there shall be right to carry
earth, stones, etc., from river, stream or bed of
tank:—
There shall be the right in the following cases,
without obtaining the permission and without payment
of tax to carry from a river, stream or bed of a tank and
also from land which has not been assessed or not been
part for any special purpose, earth, stone, gravel,
sand, morrum inasmuch as has not been reserved by
any order of the 4[Government]:-
(a)For any person for his private purpose in the village
of residence
and for agricultural need in the village where he has
residence
or cultivation.
(b)For a potter or brick-maker or tile-maker or for the
person who
makes use of any of the aforesaid articles in his
professional
work at the place where he carries on the work of his
profession
but where trade in any of these articles is carried on
a big scale
at any place and on account of digging of earth
therefor, there is
risk of destruction and of becoming useless of any
building or
cultivation or arising of difficulties in the ordinary
requirements
of villages or endangering public health, the
Tahsildar shall for
that purpose select and assign some plots and
notify the same
and no person among them shall be authorised to
dig earth at
any place other than the said plots.
---
1.Subs. by Act No.III of 1355-F.
2.Subs. for the word 'Subedar' by A.P.A.O. 1957.
3.Subs. for the word Taluqdar' by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
(c) The aforesaid articles may, with the permission of
1
[Collector] also be taken for Government
purposes of the Public Works Department, 2[Local
Administration] or other departments or for
purposes of public benefit, from the land on which
revenue has been fixed but is not held by any
person and is not set apart for any special
purpose.
Explanation:— Digging within five yards close to a

building shall not be lawful.
28. Trees Irsali or Ghairi on land held by Pattadar:

—
The Pattadar shall have full right over 'Irsali' 'Ghairi'
trees within the limits of land held by a pattadar, so long
as he remains the pattadar of that land, as also over
the trees which may, after obtaining the patta have
grown up naturally or have been planted or have
cropped up from the roots of trees cut by the Forest
Department. But the trees over which the 3[Government]
may have retained its proprietary right by notification
shall be excluded from the ownership of the pattadar.
29. Right of pattadar to trees planted on
occupied land prior to his
occupation:—
Trees Irsali or Ghairi in land in the occupation of
pattadar which may have been planted by the pattadar or
by the persons of whom the present pattadar is a
successor: on the ownership or which may have been
acquired by the pattadar or his predecessors by other
lawful means, shall belong to the present Pattadar and
remain at his disposal by all means and the
Government shall have no right of any kind thereto; but
the Pattadar shall have full rights over such trees as
have not been planted by the Pattadars or by his
ancestors or by a former Pattadar whose successor he
is and to which the right of the 3[Government] may be
subsisting, if they have not been felled by the Forest
Department or sold by fixing the price to the present
pattadar under rules made by the 3[Government] by
notification.
30. Trees outside occupied tracts or in bed
of rivers, streams,
etc.:—
All trees being outside the occupied tracts or in river,
stream or on road or in the bed of tank and pond or on
the bund shall be deemed to be the property of the
3
[Government].
31. Sale of Irsali trees out side reserved area:—
In the taluqas in which boundaries of existing forest
have been demarcated by the Forest Department, the
4
[* * *] 1[Collector] may, if he deems fit to be let out for
cultivation such land as are excluded from the
boundaries fixed, sell the trees therein at a reasonable
price and let out the land for cultivation and credit the
sale-proceeds of the timber to
---
1.Subs. for the word 'Taluqdar'by the A.P.A.O. 1957.

2.Subs. for the words "Local Fund" by ibid.
4.Omitted by Act No. II of 1355-F.
---
the Forest Department; but in case the valuable Irsali
timber therein be in abundance an intimation in writing
for sale of timber shall be given to the 1[District Forest
Officer]. It shall be incumbent on the Forest Department
either to fell or sell the trees within one year from the
date of receipt of the intimation, otherwise the 2[Collector]
on the expiry of the said period may, at his own
instance, sell and credit the amount to the Forest
Department, and in case it is not deemed fit to fell such
trees, they may be preserved and including the land on
which those trees lie patta of the remaining land may
be given.
32. Letting out for cultivation unoccupied land
containing valuable trees situate in taluqa
where forest boundaries have not been
demarcated:—
If the3[* * * ]2[Collector] in taluqas where reserved

forest has not been demarcated, deems fit to let out for
cultivation the unoccupied land beyond the proposed
boundaries containing forest or valuable trees he shall
consult the Forest Department and, if with the
concurrence of competent officer of the Forest
Department occupation of such land is given to any
person the provisions of the preceding section shall
apply thereto.
33= Fresh patta within reserved forest to be
given in consultation with Conservator of
Forests:—
Unless land is set apart demarcated for cultivation
within the limits or reserved forest no fresh patta
shall be given without consulting the 4[Chief
Conservator of Forest.]
5
[34. Proprietary rights over toddy and sendhi
trees and the rights to plant such trees:—
(1)Sub] ect to the provisions of this Section and
Section 2 5 all toddy
and sendhi trees standing for the time being
within the limits of
the land legally occupied by a pattadar, shikmidar
or any other
person in possession (hereinafter referred to in
this section as
owner) whether grown by such person or not,
shall be deemed
to be the property of the owner. Such owner shall
not however
be entitled to plant toddy and sendhi trees within
the limits of
such land without obtaining the permission of the
Government.
(2)The owner shall not be entitled to tap the trees
referred to in sub
section (1) or get them tapped by any person other
than a person
authorised by the Government. An owner, who
permits the trees
to be tapped by a person authorised by the
Government, shall
be entitled to charge such person for each tree
not more than 25
---
1.Subs. for the words "Madadgar Nizam janglath"

(Assistant Conservator of Forests)
by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
2.Subs. for the word "Taluqdar" by ibid.
3.Omitted by Act No. III of 1355-F.
4.Subs. for the words "Nizam Janglath" (conservator of
forests) by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
5.Subs. by Hyd. Act No. IX of 1956.
---
per cent of the tree-tax payable for the tree to
the Government in accordance with the laws
and rules for the time being in force.
(3)Nothing contained in this Section shall be
deemed to exempt the
juice of such trees from any excise duty that may
be leviable
thereon under any law for the time being in force.
(4)(i) An owner who is unwilling to get his trees
tapped, shall before
the end of April every year intimate his
unwillingness in writing, to the Excise
Superintendent concerned. In case of failure
to give such intimation, he shall not cut down
his trees during a period of seventeen months
following the said month of April.
(ii) Any owner who cuts down his trees in
contravention of provisions of clause (i) shall be
liable for each tree so cut to a penalty equal to
double the amount of abkari tree-tax in force at the
time of contravention. Such penalty may be
imposed by the Collector or any other officer
empowered by the Government in this behalf.] 1[35.
Proprietary rights of Government over toddy,
sendhi and
gulmohwa trees:—
Notwithstanding anything contained in Sections 34
and 38 with effect from the date of the coming into
force of the Hyderabad Land Revenue (Amendment) Act,
1956 (XXXII of 1956), all the toddy, sendhi and gulmohwa
trees standing within the limits of any land that may be
given on patta on or after the date, shall belong to the
Government and the pattadar, Shikmidar or any other
person in possession shall not be entitled to plant such
trees within the limits of such lands without obtaining
the permission of the Government. 36. 2[Omitted] 37.
Rules relating to lopping of Sendhi and toddy and
tapping trees
to apply to trees belonging to 3[Government]:—
Rules and orders relating to the 4[* * *] lopping of sendhi
and toddy trees which are now in force or may
hereafter be enforced by the 3
[Government] by
notification shall apply to trees belonging to the 3
[Government] only.
Lopping of trees belonging to Pattadar and use of
leaves, fruits and wood shall be exempted from such
restrictions and orders. 5[37-A. Duty of Pattadar or
tenant to report illegal tapping of toddy
and sendhi trees:—
(1) The pattadar, tenant or other person, in actual
possession of land on which any toddy or sendhi
tree stands must report in
---
1.Subs. by Hyd. Act IX of 1956.
2.Omitted by Act XXXVII of 1950.
4.Omitted by Act III of 1343-F.
5.Subs. by Act XLIV of 1952.
---
writing or in case where he does not know writing,
orally to the Patel or Patwari of the village any case
of tapping of such trees as soon as possible after
he becomes aware of such tapping and on receipt
of the information by Patel or Patwari, as the case
may be, he must issue written acknowledgment
thereof to the reporter, and in case of illegal
tapping he must report the same to the Abkari
authorities conce ied.
(2) Any contravention of sub-section (1) shall be
punishable with fine which may extend to the
amount of the tree tax payable, in respect of the
tree illegally tapped, in accordance with the laws
and rules for the time being in force.]
38. Proprietary right over Gialmohwa trees and the
rights to plant such trees:—
1
[(1) Subject to the provision of this Section and
Section 35, all gulmohwa trees standing for the
time being within the limits of the land legally
occupied by a pattadar, shikmidar or any other
person in possession (hereinafter referred to in
this section as owner) whether grown by such
person or not, shall be deemed to be the
property of the owner. Such owner shall not
however, be entitled to plant gulmohwa trees
within the limits of such land without obtaining
the permission of the Government.
(2)The pattadar shall not be entitled to ferment
any Gulmohwa
grown on such land or to sell such Gulmohwa to
any person
other than a person authorised by Government.
2
[If the Pattadar
sells such Gulmohwa to a person so authorised
the Pattadar
shall not be entitled to charge such person more
than 25 per cent
of the amount payable to such person by the
Government in
accordance with the laws and rules of the time
being in force
relating to supply of Gulmohwa to Government.]
(3)Nothing contained in this section shall be
deemed to exempt any
Gulmohwa grown on such land from any excise
duty leviable
thereon under any law for the time being in
force.
3
[(4) Any owner who is desirous of grazing his cattle
within the limits of such lands shall inform the
Excise Commissioner of his intention, in
writing, in the form prescribed and within the
period notified by the Excise Commissioner.
Failure on the part of an owner to give such
information shall mean that he is willing to
have the Gulmohwa on the said lands collected
by the person authorised by the Government
in this behalf. Such owner, shall not, however,
be entitled to store Gulmohwa exceeding five
seers.
----
1.Subs. for sub-section (1) by Act No. XXXII of 1956.

2.Added by Act No. XIV of 1954.
3.Inserted by Act No. XXXII of 1956.
---
(5) Any owner who stores Gulmohwa in
contravention of the provisions of sub-section (4)
shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Rs. 200,
such penalty may be imposed by the Collector or
any other Officer empowered by the Government
in this behalf.
1
[39. Right to fruit bearing trees in occupied land:
—
Fruit bearing trees standing for the time being within
the limits of the land legally occupied by a Pattadar,
whether grown by the Pattadar, or not, shall be deemed
to be the property of the Pattadar and the Pattadar shall
be fully entitled to the use of such trees.
40.2[Omitted]
41.Procedure where land is in occupation of one
person and
another person has right on trees:—
If the right or possession of another over existing trees
in any holding is recognised it shall subsist, but in future
whenever the holder of the land tenders a compromise
or dies heirless or absconds, the Patta of such land may
be made in the name of the owner of the trees and in
case he refuses to take Patta his right to the trees shall
cease.
42. Procedure for trees planted in unoccupied
land by any person
and retained in his possession:—
If in an unoccupied land there are trees planted by
any person and they are in possession of the planter the
Patta of such land may be made in his name but if he
refuses to have the Patta made in his name his right to
such trees shall cease.
43. If in event of pattadar absconding or
dying or tender in
compromise, right of any other person to land is
not recognised,
trees to be property of Government:—
If any Pattadar absconds or dies or tenders
compromise and in case the rights of the Pattadar or
his heirs or Asami Shikmis are regards restoration of
land have not been recognised the trees standing on
such land shall be deemed to be the property of the
3
[Government].
44. Land maybe let out free of assessment for
planting shady trees
for public benefit:—
If any person plants by the side of the road or close to
it or around an inn or such wakf buildings where
travellers put up or at places which are camps for
travellers or troops, shady trees, whether fruit bearing
or not so that travellers may have amenities under
their shade, land may be given by the 3[Government]
free of assessment of planting such trees.
45. Conditions on which land for raising groves
may be given:—
If any person desires for his own benefit to arise in
the land laying barren or waste outside the reserved
forests for more than ten years, and
-- -
1.Subs. by Act No. XXXVII of 1950.

2.Omitted by ibid.
---
does not contain any valuable forest trees, a mongo
grove, tamarind grove, babul or grove of any other kind
of trees as may in some manner be deemed to be of
public benefit as well, such land may be obtained by the
order of the 1[ * * * ] 2[Collector], free of assessment for
twenty years and after twenty years it shall be assessed
at the dry rate, provided that the Government water is
not taken; but if the Government water is taken
"dastband" shall be paid.
The applicant shall plant annually trees in at least one-fifth
portion of the land so that the trees may be planted in the
entitled land within
five years. If the trees in sufficient number with regard to
their kind are
not planted within five years in the whole land that portion
of land in
which trees have been planted shall, remain free of
assessment and the rest shall be assessed from the
sixth year; cultivation between the trees
shall not be prohibited.
46. Procedure where pattadar is feeling trees
belonging to
3
[Government]:—
A Pattadar shall not fell fruit-bearing trees or timber, Irsali, and
Ghairi which have been declared to be belonging to the
3
[Government].
If a person without the permission of an authority,
cuts any tree or its roots or appropriates it to his own
use of carries it away, the price thereof together with
a penalty which may extend to double the price of
the tree, shall be recovered from him as a revenue
demand. 4 [46-A. Restrictions on felling of
sendhi, toddy and gulmohwa trees and fruit-
bearing trees:—
(1)Notwithstanding anything contained in
5
[Sections 34, 38 and
39] the Government may by notification in the
6
[Official Gazette]
prohibit or regulate the felling of sendhi, toddy
and Gulmohwa
trees 5[and fruit-bearing trees of any specified
kind] in such area
and subject to such conditions and
restrictions as may be
specified in the notification.
(2)No notification shall be made under sub-
section (1) until after
the issue of a general notice to the owner of such
trees in the local
area concerned calling upon them to show
cause within a
reasonable period to be specified in such
notice why such
notification should not be made and until their obj
ections, if any,
and any evidence that they may produce in
support of the same
have been heard by an officer duly appointed by
the Government
in that behalf and have been considered by the
Government.
- - -
1.Omitted by Act No. III of 1355-F.
2.Subs. for the word "Talaqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
4.Added by Act No. XLIV of 1952.
5.Added by Act No. XIV of 1954.
6.Subs for the word "Jarida" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
(3)The notification referred to in sub-section (1)
shall be published
in the locality, and the notice referred to in sub-
section (2) shall
be served, in such manner as may be laid down
by rules made
under this Act.
(4)The Government may by order delegate its
powers under sub
sections (1) and (2) to the Collector or such other
officer as the
Government thinks fit subject to such conditions
and restrictions,
if any, as may be specified in the order.
(5)If any tree mentioned in sub-section (1) is cut in
contravention
of any prohibition, condition or restriction
imposed under that
sub-section the Pattadar of the land on which the
tree stood or
where the Pattadar has riot cut or authorised the
cutting of the
tree any other person who has cut or
authorised the cutting
thereof shall be liable to a penalty not
exceeding the market
value of the tree as determined by the Collector
and such penalty
shall be recoverable from the Pattadar or such
other person, as
the case may be, as an arrear of land revenue and
the trees shall
be forfeited to Government by order of the
Collector.
(6)The powers of the Collector under sub-
section (5) may be
exercised by any other officer who is authorised by
Government
in this behalf.]
47. Permission to take wood from waste land
outside reserved
forest:—
Where trees are standing in any waste land outside
the reserved forests the ryots in general of the village
may take firewood and agriculturists such wood as may
be required for agricultural implements without
payment of any tax and subject to rules made by the
'[Government] by notification.
Land Revenue
48. All land to be liable to payment of land

revenue save in case of
remission:—
All land, whether applied to agricultural or any other
purpose, and wherever situate shall be liable to
payment of land revenue to the '[Government] in
accordance with the provisions of this Chapter and
Chapters VII and IX except in case title to land has been
transferred to any 2[Local Authority] or the revenue
thereof has been wholly remitted under any special
contract with '[Government] or under any order or law.
49. If alluvial land be within land excluded
from Government
demand, etc., shall be subject to original land
for purpose of
payment of land revenue:—
All rights, conditions, restrictions and liabilities in
respect of payment of land revenue applicable to any
land excluded from Government
---

2.Subs. for the word "Mahkama-i-Safai" (Municipal) by
the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
demand or Mukta or Inamjodi shall also apply to alluvial
land within the limits of such land or which has come up
from the river bed on account of the river abandoning
its course but land revenue shall not be leviable in
respect of any such land or river bed unless the area of
the same exceeds the area mentioned in Section 55.
50. Land revenue to be assessed according to

use of land for various
requirements:—
Land revenue shall be assessed according to the
various modes of use.
(a)Agricultural use.
(b)In addition to agricultural use any other use
from which profit
advantage is derived.
When rate is assessed on any land for any one of the
aforesaid purposes and the land is appropriated for any
other purpose the rate thereof shall be altered and
fixed again, although the term of subsisting settlement
may not have expired.
If any land granted by the '[Government] with
remission of land revenue for any special purpose is
appropriated to some other purpose against the
intention of the grant, the land revenue thereof shall
be recovered.
It shall be lawful for the 2[Collector], and in case a
taluqa is under settlement, for the 3[Commissioner of
Survey Settlement or Commissioner of Land Records]
after giving a hearing to the landholder to prohibit its
appropriation for any particular purpose and record
reasons therefor and to summarily evict the holder
who may have appropriated the said land to
prohibited purpose.
51. Settlement of land revenue with whom to be
made:—
The settlement of the land revenue of each number or
pote-number shall be made with the pattadar of the
number of pote-number.
If such person be absent and there be no authorised
agent of his in the district, such settlement shall be
made with the person who has acquired from him the
occupancy right of such land or who is on his behalf in
occupation of such land; but if the pattadar is of unsound
mind or is a minor or incapable to contract, the
settlement of land revenue shall be made with his lawful
guardian or after six months notice with the Shikmidar
or the Asami who is the land holder.
52. Assessment of land revenue by whom and
how to be made:—
In respect of land on which land revenue is wholly or
partially recoverable and for which settlement of
assessment has not been duly notified, the Nizam
Jamabandhi shall, with due regard to subsisting rights
assess the land revenue but the assessment of land for
which settlement has not been made shall not be
increased or decreased until settlement is made.
53. Water rate:—
The Government may confer upon the 2 [Collector] or
any officer the power to fix such rate, as may be deemed
fit to recover for use of water
---
2.Subs. for the word "Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
which is either the property of the Government or which
the Government has by constructing and repairing an
anicut or by any other means made available for
cultivation and with regard to the use of which rate has
not already been fixed on the land.
Such rate shall be liable to revision after a period which
Government may with regard to the principle and rules
of settlement, determine and it shall be recoverable
as1[Government] land revenue.
CHAPTER V
Occupation of Khalsa Land and Right
of Occupants 54. Procedure for acquiring
unoccupied land:—
(1)When any person is desirous of taking
unoccupied land he shall
before occupying the land submit a petition to
the Tahsildar and
obtain his permission in writing.
(2)On such petitionbeing submitted, the Tahsildar
may, in accordance
with the rules made by the Government in this
behalf from time to
time, give permission in writing for occupation.]
2
[54-A. Procedure in respect of land acquired
for purpose of public
benefit and no more required:—
When agricultural or pasturage land acquired for
public benefit is no longer required the patta thereof
shall be made in the name of the person or his
successor from whom, such land was acquired provided
he consents to refund the compensation originally paid
to him. If such person or his successor does not take the
land, it may be given on patta under Section 54.
CASE LAW
When once the agricultural land is acquired for any
non-agricultural purpose for being used to any public
benefit the same by law shall be deemed to have lost its
character of being agricultural or pasture land and Section
54-A of the Telangana Act is not applicable to such land.
For instance, if the land is acquired for construction of
school building or industry or for providing housing
colony and if any part of the land is not utilised for the
said purpose, it cannot be said that still the surplus land
continues to be agricultural land. Such interpretation of
treating unutilised agricultural land as agricultural land
would be contrary to the very spirit of Chapter -V,
especially Sections 54 and 54-A of the Telangana Act as
well as the Land Acquisition Act. Koppula Narasiah vs.
Government qfA.P. 2000 (6) ALT 337.
Section 54-Aand Board Standing Orders, B.S.O.
No.90(32) and Land Acquisition Act, 1894. Sec.4(1) -
Acquisition of agricultural land for a public purpose -
Acquiring authority utilised only certain extent ofland
acquired. The said authority informing the Land
Acquisition Officer that the remaining unutilised portion
of the land was no longer required. Petitioner-landowner
making representation to reassign the said unutilised
land to him preparing to pay back compensation
received in respect of that land together with interest at
12% p.a. L.A.O. rejecting such representation stating that
it was required for construction of M.R.O. complex. Such
an order of rejection of LAO - Not legal. Petitioner-
landowner entitled to get reassessment of such unutilised
land under Sec.54-A of the Act and B.S.O. No.90 (32).
Authorities shall assign such land or grant patta in favour
of the person from whom it was acquired even without
making an application by him. Proposal of the authorities
to make use of the said land for some other public
purpose is an afterthought put forward to circumvent
the order of High Court in earlier writ petition directing
authorities to consider the representation of petitioner for
reassignment of the said Land. Unutilised land is only a
small bit and not useful for construction of any office
complex. Order of single Judge in writ petition holding the
petitioner to be entitled to relief of reassignment sought
for by him. Just one. No interference with the said order
warranted - Writ Appeal dismissed. Gout. o/A.P., Revenue
Dept vs. SyedAkbar; 1999 (5) ALT 202 (D.B.) 11996 (3)
ALT 793 Followed : AIR 1997 SC 2703 Distinguished].
---
1. Amended by Act IV of 1345F. 2. Amended by Act

III of 1324-F.
---
Expression 'no longer required' for the public benefit
used in Sec.54-A. Meaning of - No longer than the very
purpose for which land was acquired. Syed Mohammad
Yahya Quadri (died) per L.Rs. vs. Dist. Collector.
Nalgonda Dist. 1996 (3) ALT 793.
Section 54-A and Hyderabad Land Acquisition Act,
1309-F., Sec. 3 - Acquisition of land -Agricultural land
acquired for public benefit. Once agricultural land
acquired for public benefit is no longer required, patta
shall be granted to the land owner. Public benefit and
public purpose are synonymous terms. Land acquired for
construction of maternity ward. Not used for the said
purpose - Land owner therefore entitled to get back
patta for the acquired land transferred to his name.
However, land owner held entitled to compensation of
market value of suit land as on the date of this order
deeming it to be a fictional date of eviction, as
government used the land for another public purpose by
constructing buildings thereon. Government held
entitled to retain the land subject to payment of
compensation. Syed Mohammad Yahya Quadri vs. Dist.
Collector, Nalgonda Dist, 1996 (3) ALT 793.
Ingredients of the provision-Stated. Syed Mohammad
YahyaQuadri (died) for L.Rs. vs.Dist. Collector, Nalgonda
Dist, 1996 (3) ALT 793.
Section 54-A and Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and
Hyderabad Land Acquisition Act, 1309-F - Three statutes
relate to acquisition of land - Special law prevails over
general law. Hyderabad Land Revenue Act being a special
law prevails over Land Acquisition Act which is a general
law. Question of harmonious construction of provisions of
two enactments does not arise in such cases. Section 54-A
of Land Revenue Act be read as part and parcel of
Hyderabad Land Acquisition Act.
SyedMohammadYahyaQuadri(died)JbrL.Rs. us. Dist.
Collector, Nalgonda Dist, 1996 (3) ALT 793.
Section 54-A and Transfer of Property Act, 1882, Sees.
51 and 108 - Law of equity -Acquisition of land under
Hyderabad Land Acquisition Act, 1309-F - Land owner
held entitled to possession of land and transfer of patta
under Sec. 54-A of A.P. (T.A.) Land Revenue Act, 1317-F. as
the land was not used for the purpose for which it was
acquired. Government using the said land for another
public purpose and constructing buildings thereon. Land
owner held entitled to market value of land acquired as
on the date of the judgment. Government to retain the
land subject to payment of compensation. Syed
Mohammad Yahya Quadri (died) for L.Rs. vs. Dist.
Collector, Nalgonda Dist., 1996 (3) ALT 793 [1996 (1)
An.WR 456 - Relied on].
55. Rules relating to alluvial land:—
Alluvial land, upto two guntas where it is wet and upto
one acre where it is dry shall remain, without collecting
any revenue in the occupation of the holder of the
adjacent land, and if it exceeds that extent it shall be
let out as unoccupied Khalsa land but the holder of the
adjacent land shall have preference over others.
56. Rules relating to diluvial land:—
If diluvial land is upto two guntas where it is wet and
upto one acre where it is dry, the pattadar of the land
shall not get any rebate in its revenue and if it exceeds
that extent rebate shall be given in its revenue. 157.
Procedure when person unlawfully occupies
unoccupied land
or uses land without title:—
(1) If any person unlawfully occupies any unoccupied
khalsa land or so uses or occupies any land which
has been set apart for any special purposes, to
the use or occupation of which under this Act he
is not entitled or in respect of which his right of
use of occupation has extinguished shall—
(a) if the land which he has unlawfully occupied or
used without
title or has retained in his possession forms part
of a number
which has been assessed for land revenue,
pay the land
revenue of the entire number for the whole
period of unlawful
occupation or use: and—
---
1. Amended by Act IV of 1345 F.
---
(b)if such land has not been assessed for land
revenue, pay so much
amount of land revenue as would be
recoverable in the same
village for similar land according to the area of
occupied land,
period of occupation and the nature of use; and
(c)if the land has been used for agricultural
purposes he shall at the
discretion of the 1[* * *] 2[Collector] 1[* * *], pay in
addition to the
land revenue provided in clause (a) or (b) a fine
which may extend
to ten times the annual land revenue of the said
land recoverable
from him. Provided the ten times amount is not
less than five
rupees; otherwise the maximum amount of fine
any extend to five
rupees and if the land has been used for
non-agricultural
purposes the maximum amount of fine shall
extend to the
amount as the Government may by rules fix
from time to time.
(2)In case of every occupation of unlawful use the

decision of the1[* *
*] 2[Collector] 1[* * *] as to the assessment of land
revenue shall be
conclusive and for the purposes of assessment
of land revenue
occupation for a portion of a year shall be
deemed to be an
occupation for a whole year.
(3)The'[* * *] 2[Collector]1[* * *] may summarily
evict from land any
person having unlawful occupation or use and
attach the crop
raised on such land. Similarly if any building or
construction of any
kind is erected on such land; the1[* * *! 2[Collector]
1
[* * *1 shall
have power to grant reasonable opportunity (which
shall not be less
than one month) and give to the land-holder an
order in writing to
remove such building or construction from the
land. If the holder
does not comply with the order within the period
fixed the 2[Collector]
as its expiry shall have authority to attach
such building or
construction or to summarily demolish and remove
it from the land.
(4)After the property is attached by the order of the
1
[* * *) 2[Collector]
1
[* * *] the attached property shall be managed
according to his
discretion, and if there be any encroachments on
such property, the
cost incurred in removing them under the
provisions of this section
shall be recoverable from the unlawful occupier or
the person who has
unlawfully used it, as the case may be, as an arrear
of land revenue.]
58. Occupancy right is heritable and
transferable:—
An occupancy right to land shall be deemed to be
heritable and transferable.
[58-A. Sanction of 2[Collector] for transfer of
3
occupied land compulsory in certain cases:

—
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the
preceding section the Government may, by
4
[Official Gazette] notify in respect of any village or
tract of 5[the area to which this Act extends] that
the right of occupation of any land under Section
54 given after
---

3.Amended by Act ill of 1308-F.
4.Subs. for the word "jarida" by Act III of 1355-F.
5.Subs. for the words "Mamalikl-i-Mahroosa-i-Sorakarl-i-
Aair the H.E.H.Nizam's Dominions by ibid.
---
the date of the notification shall not be
transferable without obtaining the previous
sanction of the1[* * *]2 [Collector] 1* * *]-
(2) The Government may also at its discretion from
time to time notify by Official Gazette, that any part
or person or class of persons of such village or tract
of the area to which this Act extends to which the
provisions of sub-section (1) have been made
applicable shall be exempt from the said provisions.
58-B. Procedure in case of transfer 'by order of
Court' of land not
transferable without sanction of 1[Collector]:
— Where right of occupancy of any land is declared
non-transferable without the sanction of the 1* *
*]2[Collector] 1[* * *] and the1[Collector] has not given
sanction for its transfer and the transfer of such
occupation has been made by the order of a Civil Court
or the Civil Court has passed a decree regarding its
transfer or its decree or order is founded on such
transfer as has been affected without the sanction of
the 2[Collector].
(a)No process of the Civil Court shall have effect on
such land nor
any transfer thereof shall be considered as valid;
and
(b)Where a certificate is produced before such
Court under the
hand and seal of the1[* * *] 2[Collector] 1* * *] to
the effect
that right of occupancy of the land is not
transferable without
the sanction of the 2 [Collector] which should be
previously
obtained and that such sanction has not been
given, such Court
shall remove any attachment of land if it has
been made or
cancel any other process if it has been unissued
in respect
thereof or if the land has been sold auctioned
or any such
auction has been made as affects right of
occupancy of such
land, shall also cancel every such sale.]
59. Who shall be Pattadar on death of
Pattadar:—
On the death of a Pattadar of Khalsa land the name
of the person who is lawfully entitled under a Will and
if there be no such person, of the nearest heir, and if
there are several heirs of equal degree, of the one who
by custom has the right of primogeniture shall be
entered in the register by the 2[Collector] and the
names of the remaining heirs shall be entered as
Shikmidar. But, if at any time, any person produces
against the claimants, of a patta a decree of a
competent Court as regards his right of preference
amendment in the Government records shall be made
in accordance with the decree.
60. Occupancy right to be sold in case
Pattadar dies intestate or
heirless:—
Where a Pattadar dies intestate or without making
a Will, the occupancy right of land held by him shall
be sold and after deducting expenses of sale the
arrears of land revenue, if any, shall first be paid
---

2.Subs. for the word 'Taluqdar" by A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
62.
P
from the sale proceeds and the remainder shall be r
dealt with as unclaimed property. o
61. Occupant to be entitled to construct c
godowns and wells, etc., e
or otherwise improve conditions of land:— d
(1) Every occupant shall be entitled '[to construct or u
repair godowns or wells on land occupied by him r
or otherwise improve its condition] and shall not e
be entitled except with the written permission of

i
the 2[Collector] to appropriate agricultural land to
n
purposes other than agricultural. If no written
reply for such permission is given by the
c
2
[Collector] for three months from the date of
a
presentation of the application, the application
s
shall be deemed to have been granted. In every
e
such case the 2[Collector] on receipt of the
application, shall furnish a written
o
acknowledgment thereof and without
f
unnecessary delay communicate to him the
sanction of refusal of the application, and the
a
2
[Collector] at the time of granting such
g
application, may, in addition to the new
r
assessment payable under Section 50, if
i
necessary, after recording reasons therefor
c
introduce such conditions as he may have settled
u
with the consent of the occupant.
l
H(2) No occupant of land shall be entitled to construct
t
or repair any tank or kunta without the
u
permission of the Government.]
r
a
l land appropriated to non-
agricultural purposes:— -
The 2[ColIector] may take action under Section 57
against a pattadar or Shikmidar who has, without -
permission, appropriated agricultural land to noil-
agricultural purposes. -
63. Right to all mines vests in Governments-—
Right to all mineral products vests in the
3
(Government] and no person shall excavate anything
from any mine without permission. But this section shall
have no effect on subsisting rights.
64.Occupant may relkiquisli or transfer
occupancy right to
another:—
A pattadar may, before expiry of the date fixed by the
3
[Government] by notification in this behalf, by
presenting a compromise relinquish the land occupied by
him or get it transferred in the name of any other
person, but he shall remain responsible for the
Government demands due by him. A compromise not
applying to a whole number or a whole pote-number
shall not be acceptable.
65. Right of way on relinquishing land to vest in
future holder:—
If any person relinquishes land, the way to which lies
through other
land occupied by him the right of way shall continue to
the person who
---

2.Subs. for the words "Taluqdar" by A.P.A.O. 1957.
fete,
shall hold land in future, provided there is no other
way equally convenient.
CHAPTER VI Of
Superior Holder and Shikmi-
Holder
66. Liability and rights of Pote-Pattadar:—
A Pote-pattadar shall pay on his portion of land
proportionate land revenue and so long as he continues
to pay the land revenue for his share he shall not be
evicted from his portion of land. The pattadar shall not
be entitled to enhance the '[Government] land revenue
on the land of the pote-pattadar.
67. When shall Asami Shikmi have perpetual
occupancy right'-—
Where no agreement has been made between the
Pattadar and Asami Shikmi pertaining to the period of
possession, and the possession by the Asami Shikmi has
been for a continuous period of twelve years he shall be
deemed to be a Shikmidar and he shall have permanent
right as against the Pattadar. If any person has been from
the commencement of cultivation or the patta jointly
cultivating with the Pattadar he shall be deemed to be a
Shikmidar until a decision of a Court of law to the
contrary is obtained:
2
[Provided that an Asami Shikmi who has been in
possession of any bil-Maqta-land in an ijara village for a
continuous period of 12 years, whether there was any
agreement between the Ijaradar and the Asami Shikmi
pertaining to the period of cultivation or not, and every
person who has from the commencement of cultivation
or from the time patta was granted to the Ij aradar, j
ointly with such Ij aradar cultivated any bil-Muqta-land
held by such Ijaradar, shall be deemed to be a
Shikmidar in respect of such bil-Maqta-land.]
Explanation:— If an Asami Shikmi remains out of
possession for a period of more than one year and
during that period takes no action against the pattadar
for possession, such period shall not be deemed to be
continuous. 67-A. Conferment of Pattadari rights
on Shikmidars:—
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in any law usage, contract, grant, decree or order of a
Court but subject to the provisions of Section 166-B.
(i) a Shikmidar who was granted a Shikmidar
certificate in respect of any land by a Revenue
Officer, shall be declared as pattadar of that land
by the Deputy Collector in whose jurisdiction the
land is situate, within a period of 3[seven years]
from the date of commencement of the Audhra
Pradesh (Telangana Area) Land Revenue
(Amendment) Act, 1964 and the Deputy Collector
shall
---
1.Subs. by Act No. III of 1308-F.

2.Proviso added by Act IX of 1952.
3.Subs. for the words "four years" by A.P. Act 13 of
1969.
---
issue a certificate to that effect in the prescribed form
and give intimation thereof to the former pattadar of
that land; and such certificate shall be binding on the
former pattadar; '[(ii) where no Shikmidari certificate
was granted to a Shikmidar in respect of any land by
a Revenue Officer as provided in clause (i), the
Deputy Collector, shall on an application made within
a period of seven years from the date of
commencement of the Andhra Pradesh {Telangana
Area) Land Revenue (Amendment) Act, 1964,or may,
suo motu at any time, after making an inquiry in the
prescribed manner declare the Shikmidar as
pattadar of that land and issue a certificate to that
effect in the prescribed form and give intimation
thereof to the former pattadar of that land and such
certificate shall be binding on the former pattadar.]
(iii) where a Shikmidar is declared to be a pattadar in respect of
any
land under clause (i) or clause (ii), the former pattadar of land,
who has not received the price payable therefor from the
Shikmidar, shall within a period of one year from the date of
intimation to him, apply to the Deputy Collector for the
determination of the reasonable price to be paid to the former
pattadar for that land by the Shikmidar:
(iv) on receipt of an application under clause (iii), the Deputy
Collector shall give notice to the applicant and the Shikmidar
who is declared as pattadar and to all other persons who appear
to him to be interested, of the date, time and place at which he
I proposes to enquiry into the application and on the
completion
i of the enquiry, he shall determine the reasonable
price payable
-p for the land by the Shikmidar to the former
pattadar;
| Provided that the amount so determined as reasonable
price shall not
be more than ten times and less than eight times the
difference between the rent paid or payable by the
Shikmidar to the former pattadar for the year 1952 and
the land revenue paid or payable for that year by the
former pattadar to the Government in respect of that
land;
(v) Where the Shikmidar fails to pay, in the manner
and within the
! time prescribed, the reasonable price for the land
in respect of
L which he has been declared as pattadar under
clause (i) or
i clause (ii), as determined by the Deputy Collector,
the amount
so payable shall be recovered from the
Shikmidar as an arrear of land revenue in the
following manner and paid to the former pattadar
of the land—
(a) by the sale of the properties, if any, of the
shikmidar other than the land in respect of
which the reasonable price is payable;
1. Clause (ii) subs, by A.P. Act 13 of 1969.

(b) where he has no properties other than such Ian dor
where the amount realised from such properties
fall short of the reasonable price, by the sale of
such land. Explanation:— 1[In this section and in
Section 67-B—
(i) the expression 'Shikmidar' shall, in relation
to any land, include a person who shall be
deemed to be a Shikmidar in respect of that
land under Section 67;
(ii) the expression 'pattadar' shall in relation to
any land include any other person
interested in that land but does not include
a 'Shikmidar'.
THE ANDHRA PRADESH REVENUE LAWS

MANUAL
67-B. Validation of certain transfers of land
1
conferment of pattadari rights on

transferees:—
(1)Notwithstanding anything in this Act where,
before the
commencement of the Andhra Pradesh (Telangana
Area) Land
Revenue (Amendment) Act, 1964, any transferee
has in good
faith purchased or otherwise acquired the
interests of the
Shikmidar in the land either directly from the
Shikmidar or from
any other person who in good faith acquired such
interests, ant'
where such transferee is in possession of the
land on such
commencement, he shall within a period of seven
years from
such commencement apply to the Deputy
Collector within
whose jurisdiction the land is situate for
declaring him as
pattadar of that land.
(2)Where transferee has made an application for
declaring him to
be a pattadar in respect of any land under sub-
section (I), if the
former pattadar has not received the price payable
thereof from
the transferee, the Shikmidar or any other person
who in good
faith purchased the interests of the Shikmidar in
the land, such
former pattadar shall, within a period of one year
from the date
of intimation to him by the Deputy Collector of such
application,
apply to the Deputy Collector for the
determination of the
reasonable price to be paid to him by the
transferee.
(3)On receipt of an application under sub-section
(2), the Deputy
Collector shall give notice to the applicant and the
transferee
and to all other persons who appear to him to be
interested of the
date, time and place at which he proposes to
inquire into the
application and on the completion of the
enquiry, he shall
determine the reasonable price payable for the
land by the
transferee to the applicant;
Provided that the amount so determined as
reasonable price shall not be more than ten times and
less than eight times the difference between the rent
paid or payable by the Shikmidar to the former
pattadar for the year 1952 and the land revenue paid
or payable for that year by the former pattadar to
the Government in respect of that land.
---
1. Ins. by Act 13 of 1969 (18-3-69).
---
(4) Where the transferee fails to pay, in the
manner and within the
time prescribed, the reasonable price for the
land in respect of
which he has applied to be declared as
pattadar under sub
section (1), as determined by the Deputy
Collector, the amount
so payable shall be recovered from the
transferee as an arrear of
land revenue in the following manner and
paid to the former
pattadar referred to in sub-section (2), of the
land—
(a)by the sale of the properties, if any, of the
transferee other than
the land in respect of which the reasonable
price is payable;
(b)where he has no properties other than such
land or where the
amounts realised from such properties falls
short of the
reasonable price, by the sale of such land.
(5) The Deputy Collector shall after satisfying
himself that the price
payable to the former pattadar referred to in
sub-section (2) has
been paid or has been deposited within such
time and in such
manner as may be prescribed, require the
transferee to deposit
in the office of the Deputy Collector an
amount equal to the
registration fees and the stamp duty that
would have been
payable had the transfer been effected by a
registered document
in accordance with the provisions of the
Registration Act, 1908.
On the deposit of such amount, the Deputy
Collector shall issue
a certificate in the prescribed form to the
transferee declaring
him as pattadar of that land and such
certificate shall,
notwithstanding anything in the Registration
Act, 1908, be
conclusive evidence of such transfer".
68. Liability of Shikmidar to payment of land
revenue:—
A Shikmidar shall pay on the land held by him only so
much of fixed rent or share of produce as maybe due in
accordance with the agreement entered into between
him and the pattadar or pote-pattadar, and if no such
agreement has been entered into as much as he was
paying in accordance with the usage in previous
years, and so long as he continues to pay the rent he
shall not be evicted from the land in his possession.
69. When rent may be enhanced on Shikmidar:—
The rent on the Shikmidar may be enhanced in the
following cases only:—
(a)When after expiry of term of settlement an
enhancement in the
assessment of land revenue on the land held by
the Shikmidar
is made by the l [Government] or at any time any
new local tax
is levied by the '[Government] the Shikmidar shall
be liable to a
proportionate increase, provided that no
agreement to the
contrary has been entered into.
(b)When the term of agreement between the
pattadar and the
Shikmidar expires and the right of the pattadar
to enhance the
---
1. Amended by Act III of 1308-F.
---
rent after the expiry of the term has been
agreed to under the agreement the
enhancement may be made under the terms of
the agreement.
(c) If, apart from the labour and expenses of the
Shikmidar through the expenses of the pattadar
or owing to other reasons the capacity or the
area of the land is improved an enhancement
may be made with regard to such improvement
provided that no agreement to the contrary has
been entered into and enhancement shall not be
made again within five years.
70. When Shikmidar shall be entitled to
reduction of rent:—
A Shikmidar shall be entitled to reduction of rent in the
following case only:—
(a)When any reduction in the land revenue in respect
of land held
by the Shikmidar is made by the l [Government] or
any local tax
is remitted by the 1 [Government] in proportion
thereto provided
that no agreement to the contrary exists.
(b)When it may be so provided in the agreement.
(c)When the area or capacity of the land diminished
owing to some
reason, not being the result of an act of the
Shikmidar, provided
that no agreement to the contrary has been
entered into,
71. Liability of Asami Shikmi respecting
payment of rent and
procedure when Shikmi relation is not
desired to be
maintained:—
If no agreement has been entered into with the
Assami Shikmi the same rent as was due for the
previous year shall be recoverable either in cash or
share of produce and if the Asami Shikmi has from the
beginning taken possession of the land without any
agreement, such rent shall be fixed as is realised for
land of similar capacity from Asami Shikmis in the
neighbourhood.
The pattadar shall not be entitled, after the
commencement of the agricultural year, to make any
variation without the consent of the Asami-Shikmi, in
the terms or the rent for that year, or to evict theAsami
from the land.
If the pattadar desires to vary the terms or evict the
Asarrii for which there is no express agreement a
written notice of enhancement of rent and other
conditions of eviction shall be given to the opposite party
three months before the termination of the agricultural
year or if the person giving the notice so desires such
notice may be given through the Tahsil Office under the
rules made in this behalf.
If the Asami-Shikmi agrees to the rent and terms he
shall retain possession of the land during the following
year, otherwise he shall relinquish the land. If he
retains his possession notwithstanding the receipt of
notice he shall be bound to pay the enhanced rent and
observe
---
1. Amended by Act No. III of 1308-F.
---
the conditions set forth in the notice; and if the notice
before eviction the Asami-Shikmi shall have no right of
possession during the following year. Asami-Shikmi,
after commencement of the agricultural year, shall not
be authorised to relinquish the land for the whole year,
without payment of rent, but if he desires to relinquish,
he shall as therein before specified, notify the pattadar
three months before the termination of the current
agricultural year.
Application regarding enhancement or reduction of
rent or eviction shall be presented and heard in the
Tahsil.
72. Application for arrears of land revenue or
rent in Tahsil within
three years: —
If a pote-pattadar Shikmidar or Asami-Shikmi does not
pay the land revenue or rent in time, application in
respect of the same may be presented in Tahsil within
three years from the date of its becoming due and the
decision of the Tahsil shall be enforced under the rules
for the realisation of land revenue, but this procedure
shall not be a bar to seek remedy in the Civil Court.
73. Procedure in case of remission or
suspension of land revenue: —
If land revenue is wholly or partially remitted or
suspended by the
1
[Government] the remission or suspension shall also
apply to the rent of pote-pattadar, Shikmidar and Asami-
Shikmi according to the shares; provided that no
agreement has been made to the contrary.
74. [Omitted].
2
75. Penalty when proved that land-holder has by
force recovered any
amount in excess of fixed land revenue or rent:
— When it is proved to the 3[Collector] regarding any land
holder that he has unlawfully recovered from any
Shikmidar or Asami-Shikmi an amount in excess of fixed
land revenue or rent payable under the provisions of
this Chapter, the 3[Collector] shall get the amount
recovered in excess refunded to the aggrieved person
and may also levy on him a fine not exceeding the
amount recovered in excess and the 3[Collector] may
also, if he deems fit order to pay a portion of the amount
of fine recovered to the aggrieved person by way of
damages.
76. In default of payment of land revenue it shall
be lawful in certain
cases to cease and auction right of pattadar
and make any co-
occupant or other concerned person a
pattadar: —
When it appears to 3[Collector] that a pattadar with
intent to defraud or
cause injury to Shikmidar or other person interested in
the number, has,
willfully not paid the land revenue and rendered the
number liable to
attachment and sale, the 3[Collector] may instead of
attaching and selling
the right of occupancy, attach only the title of such
pattadar, and on
condition of payment of the whole amount of land
revenue due on that land
---
1.Amended by Act HI of 1308-F.

2.Omitted by Act IX of 1952.
---
cause the name of the Shikmidar or the person
interested in such number to be entered as a pattadar
in the village records. The person whose name may be
so entered in the village records shall acquire the same
rights as the original pattadar.
*CHAPTER VII Settlement
and Partition of areas
1
77 . Government may introduce revenue
survey into any part of Dominions:—
The Government may whenever they deem it
expedient, issue order to make survey of any land in any
part of 2[the area to which this Act extends], for the
purpose of settlement and assessment of land revenue
and record and preservation of the rights relating
thereto, or for any other similar purpose. Such survey
shall be called the revenue survey. Such survey may be
made of the land of any village, town or city generally of
such land only as the Government may direct; and
subject to the orders of the Government the Officers
conducting such survey may exempt from survey any
land the settlement of which does not appear
expedient.
The entire power to control every such survey shall vest in
the Government.]
CASE LAW
Sections 77, 78, 86 and 88 - Patta recorded in Sethwar
(Settlement Record) - Whether evidence of title - Patta is
evidence of right of the holder of land. Patta is evidence
of title - Pattadar is one in whom title vests. Union of India
vs. VasaviCo-operatiue Housing Society Ltd. 2002 (5)
ALT370 (D.B.).
78. Landholders, etc., maybe made by
general notice or summons,
to attend survey operations and assistance of
Village Officers,
and officers, concerned may be taken:—
The 3[Survey officer] may require, by general notice or
summons, the attendance of all landholders and all
persons interested in such land, in person or through
an authorised agent acquainted with the facts and able
to answer material questions, and the presence of
village servants and officers concerned, who are, legally
or by usage, bound to perform their functions by virtue of
their offices and services and also take from them such
assistance in the operation of survey as may not be
inconsistent with their dignity and position.
79. No number to comprise of less than fixed
area:—
Number of any cultivable land shall not be made of
less or greater area than fixed by the 3[Government]
for each district according to different types of land
and a statement showing the area fixed shall, before
the commencement of the survey be displayed at a
conspicuous
---
* Note: Consequent on the extension of certain laws

like A.P. (AA) Revenue Recovery Act, 1864 etc., the
corresponding provisions in Chapters VII, VIII and IX of
A.P. (T.A.) Land Revenue Act 1317F are no longer
applicable.
2.Subs. for the words "Mumalikl-i-Mahroosa-i-Sarkari-
Ali (H.E.H. the Nizam's
Domonions) by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
place in each village. These provisions shall not apply
to the numbers which have already been made of
a'lesser area or which have been made under the special
order of a superior 1
[Survey officer] or which may be
made, separately demarcated, under the order of the
2
[Collector] 3[*"* *] in accordance with the provisions of
Section 25 for purpose other than agricultural.
80. When pattadar or pote-number tenders

compromise it may be
made over to any one of pote-pattadars of
same number:—
4
[(1) If a pattadar of a pote-number of any number
tenders comprise the pote-number shall be made
over to such person from among the Pote-
pattadars as may be entitled thereto and if there
is no such person or he does not take it then to
him who pays the largest amount of land revenue
and if he also does not take, all the pote-
pattadars of the same number shall in the
same manner successively have the right.]
5
[(2) * * * ] '
81. Settlement officers to make assessment:—
Subject to rules made under Section 172 the '[Survey
Officer] shall, with due regard to laws and subsisting
rights, make the assessment on all lands within the
local limits in respect of which an order may have been
under Section 77. Provided the land is not wholly exempt
from the land revenue; but nothing in this section shall
be construed to prevent the ' [Survey Officer] from
making or registering the assessments on land wholly
exempt from land revenue or especially expected
under Section 77 from settlement or from dividing into
numbers all such land where the survey is being made.
82. Assessment of land revenue may be made
directly of land or of
means of irrigation:—
Where assessment is to be made on the land which
is used for agricultural purpose only, the aforesaid
powers shall also include the power to make
assessment either directly on the land or to fix a rate of
tax for water according to the means of irrigation,
provided that of tax has been fixed on such means of
irrigation under Section 53 or any other law or that land
is assessed in some other manner approved by the
[Government].
2
83. Assessments made in settlement shall not

be recovered without
sanction of Government:—
The assessment made by the '[Survey Officer] shall
not be recovered without sanction of the Government.
The Government shall after proper modification, sanction
such assessment for any fixed term which in the case of
the agricultural land shall not exceed thirty years.
---
1.Amended by Act III of 1308 F.

2.Subs. for the word Taluqdar' by A.P.A.O. 1957.
4.Subs by Act III of 1308-F.
5.Sub-sec. (2) was omitted by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
84. Announcement of assessment how made:—
When the assessment fixed by the settlement for the
agricultural land is sanctioned by the '[Government] a
2
[Survey Officer] not lower in rank than an 2[Assistant
Commissioner] or in his absence the 3[Collector] either
himself or through any 4[Deputy or Assistant Collector]
shall fix a date for the announcement of the assessment
and at a reasonable time beforehand make proclamation
and on such date shall publicly announce the
assessment fixed on each number.
No person by being absent at the time of
announcement shall be absolved from any liability to
which he may be subject under the announcement of
assessment.
85. When assessment fixed shall be levied:—
In the agricultural year in which a settlement,
whether original or subsequent, is announced under the
last preceding section, assessment fixed shall not be
levied but it shall be levied in the subsequent year as
maybe fixed in the announcement of assessment. Any
person who does not agree with the assessment fixed
may, before the commencement of that agricultural
year, file a compromise under Section 64.
86. Preparation of register:—
(1) The 2[Survey Officer] shall, at each settlement,
prepare a separate register for each village
showing the area and assessment of each number
together with the name of the pattadar. The
register and other records shall be prepared in
accordance with the rules made by the
Government by notification.]
5
[(2) * * *]
5
[(3) * * * ]
87. Settlement Officer to correct clerical and
other errors admitted
by all parties and application for correction of
name to be made
within two years:—
6
[The Director of Settlements and on making over the
settlement records to the Collector, the Collector may, at
any time, correct or cause to be corrected any clerical
error or errors admitted by the party concerned.]
The aforesaid officer shall hear all applications made
within two years after the introduction of the settlement,
for the correction of any wrong entry of a pattadar's
name in the register referred to in the preceding
section and if satisfied about the error whether such
error has been made through negligence, fraud, or
collusion shall correct the same,
---

2.Amended by Act No. III of 1308 F.
3.Subs. by the word "Taluqdar" by A.P.A.O. 1957.
4.Subs. by for the words "Diwan Taluqdar" (second
collection) by ibid.
5.Sub-sections (2) and (3) were omitted by the A.P.A.O.
1957.
6.Subs. by A.P. Act 36 of 1976 (19-4-1976).
---
notwithstanding that the party concerned does not
admit the error but not such application shall be
entertained after two years, unless reasonable cause is
shown to the said officer for the delay, and in such
cases if any error is proved it shall not be corrected
without obtaining the sanction of thev1[Government].
CASE LAW
Secs.87, 87-A, 166 and 166-B — Government
assumed jurisdiction which they did not possess and
proceeded to remand the case to the Commissioner
of Survey and Settlement — They have also acted
without jurisdiction in entertaining a second revision
petition — It was rejected and it became final — The
Government are justified in invoking to revisional power
at the instance of the District Collector to nullify the
order passed by the Commissioner of Settlement
without jurisdiction and contrary to the provisions of
Sec.87 — Even though there is an infirmity in the
impugned order of the Government as regards the
manner of decision making, the writ need not issue "ex
debito justitiae" — An order which is vitiated by certain
infirmities cannot be condemned and thereby allow a
patently illegal order passed without jurisdiction to
hold its sway—A truncated approach cannot be
adopted and bring about a result leading to
miscarriage of justice. Khairuddin All and others vs.
State of A.P. and others; 1999 (2) ALT 727 (D.B.) = 1999
ALT (Rev.) 557.
2
[87-A. Delegation of powers of Government:—
(1)Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the
Government may, by
notification published in the Andhra Pradesh
Gazette, delegate
their powers under Section 87 to the Settlement
Commissioner,
and may, by like notification, withdraw any such
delegation.
(2)The exercise of the powers delegated under sub-
section (1) shall
be subject to such restrictions and conditions, if
any, as may be
specified in the notification.]
CASE LAW
Sec. 87-A—See Sec. 87— Khairuddin All and others
vs. State of A.P. and others; 1999 (2) ALT 727 (D.B.) =
1999 ALT (Rev.) 557.
3
[88. Settlement records to be made over
4
[Collector] who shall cause village records
to be prepared:-
(1) The settlement register and other records
prepared by the 3[Survey officers] shall be made
over to the 4[Collector], who shall cause Village
records to be prepared in accordance therewith.]
[(2) * *
*] 6[88-A. *
* *]
89 Division of numbers and fixing of pote-
numbers on second settlement to be lawful:
—
The 3
[Survey officer] may, on the occasion of any
subsequent settlement, subject to the provisions of
Section 79 and under the rules
---
2.Ins. by A.P. Act 36 of 1976 (19-4-1976).
4.Subs. for the word "Taluqdar" by A.P.A.O. 1957.
5.Sub-section (2) was omitted by ibid.
6.Section 88-A was omitted by ibid.
---
made in this behalf, break up and divide a number into
two or more numbers and shall fix separate assessment
for each such number and enter the area of each such
number and the name of the occupant in the settlement
register. 1 -89- A. Division of Survey numbers into
new Survey numbers:—
Notwithstanding anything contained in Section
79 and Section 89 or rules made thereunder, when
any portion of cultivable land is permitted to be
used under the provisions of Sections 61 and 62 for
non-agricultural purpose or when any portion of land
is specially set apart under Section 25 or when an
assessment on any portion of the land is altered or
levied under Section 50, separate survey number
may, subject to the rules made by the Government
under this Act in this behalf, be made of such
portion. 89-B. Division of Survey numbers into
pote-numbers:—
(1)Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 89 the
Government at
any time, may direct that survey numbers be
divided in to so
many pote-numbers as may be required in view
of the rights
acquired in land or for any other reason.
(2)The division of survey numbers into pote-
numbers and the
assessment of the pote-numbers shall be made
and from time to
time revised under the rules made by the
Government in this
behalf under this Act;
Provided that the total amount of assessment of
any survey number or pote-number shall not be
enhanced during the term of settlement for which
such assessment has been fixed under Sections 81
and 83, unless such assessment is declared liable to
alternation under Sec. 50.
(3) The area and the assessment fixed of such
pote-numbers shall
be entered into such records as the
Government may prescribe
in this behalf.]
CHAPTER VIII
Dispute Relating to Boundaries and
Installation and maintenance of
Boundary Marks
2
[90.Deterrnination of village boundaries:—
The Collector or any other officer nominated by the
Government for this purpose, or the Settlement
Commissioner, if survey operations are proceeding in the
village shall enquire about and fix the boundaries of
villages and determine disputes, if any, relating thereto.
When the Patels and Patwaris of any two or more
adjoining villages agree to any given line of boundary and
such agreement is not illegal, the officer determining the
boundary shall require the said parties to execute an
agreement to that effect and shall mark off the
boundary accordingly.
---

2.Subs. for Sees. 90 and 91 by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
91. Procedure in case of disagreement or
dispute:—
If the parties do not agree in the manner prescribed
in the last preceding section, the said officer shall, after
necessary inquiry make a plan showing the area of the
ground in dispute together with the boundaries or
marks, existing or which may be stated, in different
colours, and shall, after completing the inquiry make
an award in the case.]
92. Determination of field boundaries:—
If, at the time of a survey, the boundary of a filed is
pointed out by the holder and it is undisputed and its
correctness is also affirmed by the Patel and Patwari of
the village the boundary shall be marked. If the
boundary of a field is disputed or the landholder is not
present or does not point out the same, the 1[Survey
officer] and when settlement operation is not
proceeding the2 [Collector] in a case the land is of khalsa
area 3[ * * * ] shall fix the boundary according to the
entries in village records, and according to occupation if,
adverse to the entries in village records, it is established
that the occupation extends over a year and no legal
action has been taken in connection therewith.
93. Settlement of boundary disputes by
arbitration:—
If the parties agree to refer the boundary- dispute to
arbitration and make an application to that effect in
writing, the competent officer shall refer the case to
arbitration for settlement; and to the dispute shall apply
all provisions of arbitration relating to civil suits and the
powers vested in a Court by virtue of such provisions
shall vest in 2[Collector] or the 4[Settlement
Commissioner]. 5[94. Construction or repair
boundary marks of Villages and
survey numbers:—
Where survey operations are proceeding, it shall be
lawful for the Settlement Commissioner or such other
officer authorised by him in this behalf, to cause to be
constructed or repaired boundary-marks of villages
and occupied numbers; and the officers concerned shall
see to their maintenance. The Survey officer shall, by a
notification posted in the 'Chaudi' or in some adjacent
and conspicuous place, require the holders of lands to
construct or repair the boundary marks of their
numbers and in accordance with the directions given in
the notification within specified period which shall not be
less than one month, and on their failure to comply with
the requisition within the specified period, the said
Survey Officer shall cause the boundary-marks to be
constructed
---
1.Amended by Act III of 13C8-F.

3.The words "and in case of a non-khalsa land the
officer authorised under
Section 172" were omitted by ibid.
4.Subs. for the words "Nizam Paimaish Bandobast
or Nizam Land Records"
(Commissioner of Survey Settlement or the
Commissioner of Land Records) by ibid
Act No. 3 of 1355 F.
5.Subs. for the original Section 94 by A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
or repaired and cause charges incurred to be recovered
from Pattadar as an arrears of land revenue.]
95. Dimensions and form etc, of boundaries
to be determined with
sanction of Chief Revenue Authority:—
The dimensions and form of boundary marks of villages
and numbers and the material of which they shall be
made, shall be determined with the sanction of the
Government according to local conditions, climate,
durability and cheapness of materials.
96. 1
Collector] to have charge of boundary
marks after introduction
of settlement:—
When settlement is introduced into a district, the ;
[Collector] shall be in charge of boundary marks. The

[Collector] may for their preservation and maintenance,
1
exercise all the powers as are vested in a Settlement

officer under Section 94.
97. Responsibility for preservation of boundary
marks:—
2
(1) Every land-holder shall maintain the boundary
marks of the land occupied by him in original
condition and if he fails in it and does not carry out
necessary repairs in spite of orders of the village
and Taluqa officers the Revenue officers, not
lower in rank to a Tahsildar, shall cause the
necessary repairs to be carried out and recover
the charges thereof form the pattadar as an
arrears of land revenue.
3[(2 )* * *]
98. Penalty for damaging etc., boundary marks:

—
Any person convicted after a summary trial, before a 4[* *
*]' [Collector] or 5[Deputy or Assistant Collector] or
6
[Survey officer] or Tahsildar, of willfully erasing, removing
or damaging boundary-marks, shall be liable to a penalty
which may extend to four times the cost of repair or
fixation of each mark so erased, removed or damaged
and such mark shall be rapaired or fixed from such
amount.
99. Fixing of limits of village sites:—
The 1[Collector] or the 6[Survey officer] may, subject
to rules and safeguarding the subsisting rights of
landholders, determine the limits of a village site.
100. No land revenue to be levied in certain

cases on lands within
village site:—
No land revenue for purposes of this Act shall in the
following cases be levied on lands situated within a
village site and not used for purposes of agriculture:—
---
1.Subs. for the words Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.

3.Sub-section (2) was omitted by A.P.A.O. 1957.
5.Subs. for the words "Duwam taluqdar" (Second
Taluqdar) by ibid.
6.Subs. by Act III of 1308-F.
---
(a)where a person or his legal representative
upto the date of
commencement of this Act, has held any land
without payment
of land revenue and has not made an
agreement with the
1
[Government] to pay it in future;
(b)where a competent officer has made an order or
granted a Sanad
in respect of right of occupancy exempting any
land form land
revenue without fixing any period. In other cases
also no land
revenue shall be levied on a land within a village
site without the
sanction of the l [Government],
101. Procedure on occupying without
permission land situate in
village site:—
If, after the commencement of this Act, any person

without the written permission of the officer, occupies
any land situated in the village site which has not been
set apart for agriculture the 1
[Collector] may recover the
compensation for occupancy right of such land or fix a
land revenue on the land or order both for recovery of
compensation and levy of land revenue; and if it is proved
that the land was held dishonestly or through mischief he
may recover penalty to the extent of double the
compensation for occupancy right.
And if any building has been constructed on it and
the Government purposes or the public benefit is
thereby encroached upon if that building is not
demolished and not more than one year has elapsed from
the date of completion of construction the 2[Collector]
may, after recording his reasons, order the person
who has constructed the building to demolish it and
remove the material thereof within a fixed period which
shall not be less than six months. If he does not comply
within the period the 2[Collector]may seize the building.
102. Suit not to be instituted in Civil Court
after one year from
order of Collector:—
No suit against the order of the 2[Collector] made under
Sec. 101 shall be instituted in any Civil Court after one
year from the date of the order.
CHAPTER IX
Realisation of Land Revenue
and other Government
Demands
103. Responsibility for payment of land revenue:—

The person primarily liable for payment of land
revenue for khalsa land, shall be the pattadar of such
land and for non-khalsa land the superior holder
thereof.
And when he fails to pay the land revenue, the land
revenue may be recovered from Shikmidar, or co-sharer
of the superior holder or inferior holder or person in
actual occupation of the land, but the amount which he
may have paid to the pattadar or superior holder at
the time of
---

---
instalment or thereafter shall not be recovered form him,
and the amount so recovered shall be refunded from that
pattadar or superior holder. Priority of 1Government]
Claim for Land Revenue
104. 1Government] demand to have priority over

all claims:—
The demand on any land, for its land revenue shall have
priority over other demands whether in respect of debts
or mortgage or based on a decree of or attachment by a
Court, and if the title to any land on which such
Government demand is due is transferred, such land or
its transferee shall not e discharged from such demand.
If the demand for land revenue which cannot be
recovered from the title to or existing produce of that
land is due from a person the liability for the payment of
the land revenue shall have precedence over debt to
decree of a Court also on his property other than the
land on which the demand is due; provided that such
property before it is forfeited for recovery of the said
demand, is not sold or mortgaged or given as a gift or
otherwise transferred or hypothecated or attached.
105.Produce of land to be deemed as,
hypothecated for payment
of land Revenue:—
The produce of land for every year shall be deemed to
have been hypothecated for land Revenue due for that
year.
106. Produce disposed of by sale etc., may
be precautionary
measures for securing land revenue withheld
till payment of
land revenue:—
When the produce of any land is wholly or partly sold,
mortgaged, or otherwise disposed of whether by order of
a court or other competent department or with the
desire of the land holder, the '[Collector] may prevent
such produce being removed until the land revenue for
the current year has been paid, though the date for the
prescribed instalment has yet not arrived. But in no case
shall a produce or a portion of produce, which has been
sold, mortgaged or disposed of be detained on account of
land revenue of a period exceeding one year.
107.Power of 2[Collector] when apprehended that
revenue shall
not be recoverable:—
If the 2[Collector] has reason to believe that any land
holder is a defaulter or it is apprehended that land
revenue shall not be recoverable on any land in case the
crop is reaped or the produce is sold:-
(a) he may require that the standing crop of the land
liable to payment of land revenue shall not be
reaped without a notice to himself or to the officer
appointed by him for this work. Such notice shall be
given in writing and returned with acknowledgment
receipt and if the crop has been reaped:
---

2.Subs. for the word Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
(b)he may direct that such crop shall not be
removed from the land
on which it has been reaped, or from the place
where it may have
been stored, without the written permission of the
1
[Collector] or
of other officer as aforesaid;
(c)he may appoint a watchman, fixing his pay, to
watch that the
standing crop is not unlawfully reaped or
removed without
permission. The pay of such watchman shall not
exceed five
rupees per month, and may be realised as an
arrears of land
revenue from the land holders, but if the
produce could be
watched through the village officers a paid
watchman shall not
be appointed.
108. Issue of orders provided for in Section
107 and penalty for
contravention thereof:—
Orders provided in clauses (a) and (b) of the
preceding section may be issued generally to all the co-
occupants or land holders or individually to any particular
holder.
If the orders be made generally to all land holders they
shall be issued by proclamation to be made by beat of
drum and a copy thereof shall be affixed at some
conspicuous place in the village Chavadi. If the said
orders be made individually they shall be issued
separately to each holder concerned. Any person who
contravenes the orders so issued or abets such
contravention shall be liable, on conviction after a
summary enquiry before the 1[Collector] to a fine not
exceeding double the amount of the land revenue on the
land in respect of produce of which the offence is
committed.
109. Reaping or removal of produce of land not
to he prohibited for
such long period as to damage produce:—
The ' [Collector] shall not defer the reaping of the crop
and its removal so as to damage the produce of the land
and if the land revenue has not been paid within two
months from the date of attachment or with in such lesser
time as the 1[Collector] may fix in special cases, he
shall either release the produce and adopt other
measures to realise the land revenue under the
provisions of this Chapter or sell such portion of the
attached produce under the provisions of this Chapter
relating to sale of movable property for the recovery of
revenue the price of which will be sufficient for payment
of revenue.
110. Attachment of village or part of village for
land revenue:—
If the holding consists of an entire village or of a part of
a village and
the 1[Collector] has reason to believe that owing to a
dispute among trie sharers or for any other reason its
land revenue will not be recoverable in the prescribed
instalments, he may temporarily attach the village or
part of the village and take it under his own
management or entrust it to an officer or agent
appointed by him for that work.
---
1. Subs. for the word " Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O.

1957.
---
The provisions of Section 125 shall also apply to any
village or part of a village which has been temporarily
attached under this section and the income of the
village or part of the village in surplus after allowing
the costs of attachment and management of the land,
and the payment of the land revenue and of the cost
of survey and settlement, if made under Section 77
shall be kept in deposit for eventual payment to the
person entitled to the same, or subject to the orders
of the 1[Board of Revenue], shall be paid by the
2
[Collector] to the person entitled to the same.
111. Precautionary measures to be
suspended on security being
furnished:—
The precautionary measures provided for in Sections
106 to 110 .shall be suspended or relinquished if the
person responsible for the payment of land revenue
shall pay the entire costs of attachment and
management of the land up to the time of
relinquishment and shall furnish reliable security to
the effect that the land revenue shall be paid on the
fixed date or in the prescribed instalments, as the
case may be.
Mode of Instalments of Land Revenue
112. Government to determine date and

instalments for recovery
of amount:—
(1)Land Revenue, except under circumstances
mentioned in
Sections 106 to 110, shall be payable in such
instalments and
on such dates and at such places, and to such
persons as may
be determined by order of the Government for this
purposes.
(2)No officer shall recover any instalment before
prescribed date.
Definitions
113. Arrears and Defaulter:—
An amount of land revenue not paid as above shall
be called an arrears of land revenue and the persons
from whom the arrear is due under Section 103 or
any other section shall be called defaulters.
114. Liability incurred in case of non-payment of
arrears:—
If any instalment be not fully paid even after the
expiry of the prescribed time, the 2[Collector] may
adopt measures to recover both the entire amount of
land revenue due by the defaulter for the current year
and the interest or penalty as maybe recovered
according to a scale fixed by the 3[Government] but if
he is satisfied that the arrear of land revenue is only
due to poverty he may remit the penalty or interest
and refund the same if already recovered.
115. Certified account to be conclusive
evidence as to arrears:—
An account, certified by Peshkar or any other Taluqa
Officer, higher
in rank than a Peshkar, shall be conclusive evidence of
the existence of
---
1.Subs. for the word "Subedar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.

---
the arrear its amount, or of the person by whom it is
due. On receipt of such certified account, the
1
[Collector] of one district shall proceed to recover the
arrear of land revenue of another district under the
provisions of this Chapter as if the arrear is of his own
district.
Recovery of Arrears of Land Revenue
116. Measures for recovery:—

An arrear of land revenue may be recovered by the
following measures and as far as possible, the
measurers shall be employed in the order
mentioned below:
(a)by issuing a notice to the defaulters under
Section 118.
(b)by distraint and sale of the defaulter's movable
property under
Section 119.
(c)by distraint and sale of the defaulter's
immovable property
under Section 120;
(d)by arrest and detention of the defaulter under
Section 122;
(e)by forfeiture of the right of occupancy in
respect of which the
arrear is due under Section 124;
2[(f) * * *j
117. Measures specified applicable to arrears

due both for previous
years and current year:—
The measures specified above may be employed for
the recovery of arrear, both of previous years and of the
current year, but the preference provided in Section 105
shall apply only to arrears for the current year, and the
preference provided in Section 104 shall apply to
arrears for three years, except in case any measures for
any arrears commenced in the very year for which it is
due but it has not been fully executed by the end of the
year and the execution is pending.
Notice of Demand
118. When and by whom notice of demand

may be issued and its
costs:—
The Tahsildar may, on any day after the expiry of the
date on which the arrear accrues send on any day to the
defaulter a notice of demand, and the cost of demand
notice being two annas if the amount of demand does
not exceed ten rupees, four annas if it exceeds ten
rupees but does not exceed twenty five rupees and eight
annas in all other cases, may be recovered.
119. Distraint and sale of defaulter's movable
property:-—
The Tahsildar may distraint and sell the defaulter's
movable property. Such distraint shall be made by
officers or clerks appointed by him for this work.
---

2.Clause (f) omitted by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
[120. Distraint and sale of defaulter's immovable
1
property:—
The 2[Collector] or the 3[Deputy or] 4[Assistant Collector]
may distrain the defaulter's immovable property other
than the land held by him, but where such distraint has
been made by the order of the Deputy or Assistant
Collectors it shall not be sold except with the sanction
of 2[Collector]
121. Property of defaulter exempt from
attachment:—
All such property of the defaulter shall be exempt
from attachment and sale under the preceding sections
as is exempt under the 5[Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
from attachment and sale in execution of a decree of a
Court. The 2[Collector's] order as to what property of the
defaulter shall be exempt from attachment and sale
shall be final.
Arrest and Imprisonment
122. Power to arrest defaulter and send him to.
Civil Jail:—
After an arrear becomes due, when it may not
appear possible to recover it in any other way the
defaulter may be kept in custody for ten days in the
district or Tahsil office, but if within the said period the
arrear, together with penalty or interest and the costs
of arrest of and subsistence for the defaulter during
custody and the cost of notice that may be recoverable
is recovered, the defaulter shall forthwith be released.
If during the period of ten days the amount due is not
recovered the 2 [Collector] may thereafter or if he deems
fit before the expiry often days, send the defaulter a
warrant to remain in custody in the civil jail of his
district but no defaulter shall be kept in imprisonment
for a period exceeding one month.
123. Power to arrest:—
The 6[Government may declare by notification] the
officer or class of officers empowered to arrest under
Section 122 and the cost of arrest and scale of
subsistence for the person under custody.
Forfeiture of Occupancy and
Eviction of Defaulter
124. Lease and sale of occupancy right:—
1
[(1) The 2[Collector] may attach the holding in respect
of which land revenue is due and lease it out for a
period not exceeding ten years; but if in his
opinion it is proper to sell such land he may, with
the sanction of the 7[Board of Revenue] sell the
right of
---

3.Subs. for the words "Duwam Taluqdar" (Second
Taluqdar) by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
5.Subs. for the expression "Hyderabad Code of Civil
Procedure" by A.P. A.O. 1957.
7.Subs. for the word subedar by A.P.A.O. 1957".
---
(2) occupancy of the land. Any sum realised by
auction or sale or through other management
of the land shall be credited to the account of
the defaulter.
The Government may, whenever it appears

necessary, by general or special order, authorise
any 1[Collector] or Additional Collector to sell the
land attached under sub-section (1) without
the sanction of the 2[Board of Revenue].
3|*
3
[125 to 128. * * *]
Stay of Proceedings for Recovery of
Arrears
129. Recovery proceedings to be stayed on

security being given or
amount being paid:—
If, in the presence of the ' [Collector] or other officer
appointed by him for this purpose and if the defaulter
is imprisoned, before the officer of the Jail reliable
security or amount in cash towards payment of the
aforesaid arrears and other costs is furnished to the
satisfaction of the 1[Collector] or such other officer
he shall forthwith be released from custody or
imprisonment. Any person against whom, under
some measure, any proceeding for the recovery is
pending before any officer may deposit the amount
demanded with that officer stating that he has
objection for the payment of the said amount.
130. Procedure for sale and publication of
notification:—
When an order for sale of the property of the
defaulter is made under the provisions of this
Chapter the Tahsildar or any '[Collector] or 2[Deputy
or Assistant Collector] shall issue a notification in the
vernacular. 4 [* * *] The notification shall contain the
following particulars:-
(a)the time and place of sale;
(b)by whose sanction the sale shall be made final;
(c)when the property to be sold is revenue
land its area and
revenue;
(d) other matters which the 1[Collector] may
think necessary.
Such notification shall be affixed at some
conspicuous place in the
chavidi or any place in the village wherein the
property was attached and the Tahsildar's Office and
its substance shall be proclaimed by beat of drum in
the village wherein the property was attached and
in such places also as the 1[Collector] may deem fit. If
the property to be sold be immovable property, a
copy of the notification shall also be affixed at some
conspicuous place in the 1[Collector's] Office and its
substance shall be published by beat of drum at the
headquarters of the district;
---

2.Subs. for the word "subedar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
3.The heading "attachment of villages" and Sections
125 to 128 were omitted by the
A.P.A.O. 1957.
4.The words "as well as in Urdu" were omitted by the
APAO 1957.
---
and the 1
[Collector] may in addition to the aforesaid
method get every notification published in any other
manner also.
131. Objection in respect of attached property:
—
When any objection is made by any person in respect
of any property for the sale of which notification has
been issued and not being a holding the right of
occupancy of which has been absolutely forfeited to
the Government under Section 124, the l [Collector]
shall make a summary inquiry and decide it and
excluding the property in respect of which the
objection is admitted he shall order the rest to be
sold.
132. Sale by whom and when to be made:—
Sale shall be made through such persons as the
[Collector] may appoint for the work on a day not
1
being a public holiday, during ordinary office hours but

not within at least thirty days if the property is
immovable, and seven days if it is movable from the
issue of the notification referred to in Section 130, but
this provision shall not apply to perishable articles,
which irrespective of the restrictions as to said period
shall be sold immediately at the discretion of the officer
conducting the sale and he shall have power to finally
conclude such sale.
The1[Collector] shall have power to stay from time to
time the sale for any sufficient reason.
133. When sale may be stayed:—
If at any time before the date fixed for the sale the
arrear together with the other lawful charges is
deposited by the defaulter with the auctioneer or the
person appointed under Section 112 for the recovery
of land revenue or if reliable security is furnished
under Section 129 the sale shall forthwith be stayed.
134. By whose sanction sale shall be final:—
Every sale of immovable property shall be finally
concluded by the sanction of the 1[Collector] and that
of movable property by the sanction of the officer
empowered by the1[Collector] by a general or special
order.
135. Mode of payment of purchase money:—
The auction-purchaser shall pay the purchase
money as directed below:—
(a) When the sale is concluded before an officer
authorised to confirm and conclude it finally—
(1)on account of movable property, in full,
immediately after the
sale is concluded or within such period as the
officer conducting
the sale may fix.
(2)on account of immovable property one-
fourth, as deposit,
immediately after the sale is concluded and the
entire balance
within 30 days from the date of sale and if the
thirtieth day be
a public holiday, then on the first day following
the holiday.
---
1. Subs. for the word "Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
(b)- when the sale is concluded before an officer
who is not authorised to sanction and conclude
it finally—
(1)one-fourth, as deposit, immediately after the
sale is concluded.
(2)the entire balance, on account of movable
property, before
sunset of the day on which the notice of
sanction of the sale
is received, and on account of immovable
property within
thirty days of the receipt of notice of
sanction and if the
thirtieth day be public holiday then on the day
following such
holiday.
136. Re-sale if purchase-money is not paid
within prescribed
time:—
If purchase money is not paid within the period
provided in the preceding section, the deposit money, if
any, after defraying therefrom the expenses shall forfeit
to the 1 [Government] and there shall be a resale and for
every such resale, when it does not take place on the
day fixed and in the meeting of the first sale, action
shall be taken for the issue of a notice under Section
130. If the amount for which the resale was concluded
be less than the first sale the deficiency shall be
recovered from the purchaser at the first sale as an
arrear of land revenue and the purchaser at the first
sale shall have no claim to the property sold and the
amount of deposit forfeited.
137. Receipt for purchase money to be
furnished and sale as
concluded to become absolute:—
On payment of the purchase money the auction
purchaser shall get a receipt and after payment of full
amount of purchase money such sale, shall subject to the
provisions of Sections 138 and 139, become absolute in
favour of the purchaser as against all other persons.
138. Application to set aside sale of immovable
property:—
At any time within thirty days from the date of sale of
immovable property application maybe made to the
2
[Collector] to set aside the sale on the ground of
illegality of proceedings, material mistake, or fraud, in
conducting sale or publishing notification but no sale
shall be set aside on such application only unless the
applicant proves to the satisfaction of the 2[Collector]
that he has sustained loss by reason of the illegality,
mistake or fraud. If such application be allowed the
2
[Collector] shall make order to set aside the sale with
the direction that it should be resold.
139. Order confirming or setting aside sale:—
If application for setting aside the sale is not made
under the preceding section or has been made and
rejected the 2[Collector] shall make an order confirming
the sale; and if he thinks that the sale may be set
aside on reasonable ground though no such grounds
were set forth in the application rejected, he may, after
recording his reasons make an order setting aside the
sale.
---
---
140. Refund of purchase money if sale is
not confirmed or set
aside:—
Where the sale of any property is not confirmed or
is set aside the purchaser shall be entitled to receive
back the purchase-money or the deposit.
141. Putting purchaser into possession of
holding sold and entering
his name as pattadar in village record:—
Where a sale of a holding for which an arrear of land
revenue is due is confirmed in accordance with the
aforesaid provisions, the 1[Collector] shall put the
auction purchaser into possession of the same and
shall grant him a certificate to the effect that the
person has purchased the occupancy right of the
land. The certificate shall be treated as an authority
for transfer of that land and the name of the
auction-purchaser shall be entered into the village
records as a pattadar; and no suit against the
purchaser whose name has been recorded in such
certificate shall be entertained in a Civil Court on the
ground that the certificate holder is not in fact the
purchaser but that by mutual agreement certificate
has been made in his name.
142. Application of purchase money:—
The purchase money after the sale has been
concluded shall be applied first to the payment of
expenses of the sale and then to the payment of
arrears due by the defaulter at the date of conclusion
of the sale and recoverable as an arrears of land
revenue, and the person whose property has been
sold shall be entitled to the surplus, if any. The
expenses of the sale shall be assessed according to
the rules and orders approved by the 2[Government].
143. Liability of purchaser for payment of land
revenue:—
The person whose name has been entered in the
sale certificate as purchaser of occupancy right of the
Government land shall be liable for the payment of all
instalments of land revenue due in respect of such
land subsequent to the date of sale.
144. Sums recoverable under provisions of this
Chapter:—
All the Government sums under the following heads
may be recovered under the provisions of this
Chapter:—
(1)Land revenue
(2)Quit-rent
(3)Nazrana
(4)Peshkesh
(5)Taxes
(6)Local cess
(7)Fine and penalties
(8)Income from lands
---

---
(9) Rusum
(10)Fees
(11)Charges
(12)Penal Interest
(13)Lease money
(14)Moneys recoverable from
sureties
1
[(15) Taccavi loans]
1
[(16) All sums in respect of which provision has been
made in this Act or in any other Act that they be
recovered as arrears of land revenue.]
CHAPTER X
Procedure of Revenue Officers
145. Revenue Officer to be subordinate to his

superior:—
In all official works and proceedings a Revenue
officer shall be subject as to the place, time, and
manner, of performing his duty, to the direction and
control of his superior, provided there is no express
provision in the law to the contrary.
146. Power to issue summons for evidence and
producing document
etc.:—
Every Revenue officer not lower in rank than a Peshkar
of Tahsil 2[the Assistant Settlement Commissioner may
issue summons to any person to be examined as a party
or to give evidence as a witness or to produce any
document or article, as the case may be, for the
purposes of an enquiry which he is empowered to make.
Such officer shall have all the powers which are vested in a
Civil Court under the 3[Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]
(Central Act 5 of 1908) to compel the attendance of
person to whom summons has been issued or the
production of document or other article.
Every person to whom summons have been issued
shall attend either in person or by an agent as maybe
directed in the summons and state the truth upon any
subject respecting which his statement or evidence is
recorded and produce such document and articles as
may be required.
147. Form, issue and service of summons:—
The provisions of the 3[Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]
(Central Act 5 of 1908) shall apply mutatis mutandis to
the form, issue and service of summons.
148. Code of Civil Procedure regarding
sustenance allowance to be
followed when party desires attendance of
witnesses:—
If any party, in any formal or summary inquiry, shall
desire the attendance of witnesses he shall follow the
rules contained in the 3[Code
---

2.Subs. for the words "Madadgar Nazim Paimaish
Bandobust a Madadgar Nazim
Land Records" (theAsst. Commissioner of Survey
Settlement or Asst. Commissioner
of Land Records) by the A.P.A.O., 1957.
3.Subs. for the expression "Hyderabad Civil Procedure
Code" by ibid.
---
of Civil Procedure, 1908] (Central Act 5 of 1908)
regarding summons, allowance and sustenance to
witnesses.
Formal Inquiry 149.
Mode of recording evidence in formal
inquiry:—
In a formal inquiry, the officer making the inquiry
shall in his own hand record evidence in full 1
[ * * * ] or
cause it to be recorded in his presence and under his
personal superintendence that it may be audible to him
and sign it.
The cases in which the officer making the inquiry is not
able to record the evidence in his own hand, he shall in
the course of examination make, in his own hand, a
memorandum of the substance of the deposition of the
witness and after signing it cause it to be put on the file.
^ If such officer is not able to record such memorandum, he
shall write the
reason of his inability.
£ 150. Mode of writing of decisions:—
1 The competent officer shall after completing the inquiry
write every
j decision in his own hand and fully record therein the
grounds on which
the decision is based.
Summary Inquiry
151. Mode of summary inquiry:—
In summary inquiry the competent officer shall, in the course of
inquiry, record a minute of the proceedings in his own hand 1
[ ]
containing the material averments of the parties to the case, the gist
of
i the evidence, and the decision and the reasons in brief for
the same. But
the officer making an inquiry may, if deemed fit, in the
cases where an inquiry directed by this Act is to be
summary, act under all or any of the rules in force for
formal inquiry. . 152. Formal and summary inquiry to
be deemed judicial proceedings and to be
conducted openly:—
In a formal or summaiy inquiry provided in this Act the
proceedings by a competent officer shall be deemed to
be judicial proceedings for purposes of 2[sections 183,
198 and 210 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860] and his
office shall be deemed to be a Civil Court.
Every act and decision in a formal or summary
inquiry shall be i"n public, and the parties to the case
or their authorised agents, shall be duly given an
opportunity for attendance. 153. Mode of ordinary
inquiry:—
An inquiry which this Act does not expressly require to be either
formal or summary or an inquiry which a Revenue officer may on any
occasion deem necessary in the execution of duties, shall be conducted
A according to any special or general rules, made under the
order of the
[Government] or at the instance of a superior authority and subject to
2
---
1.The words "in urdu" were omitted by the A.P.A.O.
1957.
---
such rules the said officer shall in his discretion adopt
such procedure as may be fit for finding out facts and
for the public welfare.
154. Manner of obtaining copies and translation:—
In all cases in which a formal or summary inquiry is
made authentiated copies and translations of decisions,
orders and exhibits shall be furnished to the parties on
application being made; and original documents
produced in evidence, if they have not been
impounded under any rule or by any order or decision,
shall be restored to the persons who had produced
them; provided that the full charges for copying or
translation, as the case may be, have been received in
accordance with the rules as are in force by the order of
the Government.
155. Arrest to be made by warrant:—
When, under the provisions contained in this Act, a
defaulter or any other person is held liable to be
arrested, such arrest shall be made upon a warrant of
arrest issued by an officer competent to order the arrest,
of such person.
156. Power to enter upon land or premises when
necessary:—
Every Revenue officer may, enter, whenever
necessary for measurements, fixing of boundary marks
or inspecting of boundaries, classification of soil, or
assessment, or for any other necessity connected with
the discharge of duty, any land for premises, whether
such land or premises belongs to the Government or to
any private individual and whether the revenue is
partially or wholly realised from the land or not;
Provided that he shall not enter into any house used
as a dwelling without the permission of the occupier of
the house and without giving twenty-four hours'
previous notice, and on entering such a house due
regard shall be had to the religious and social ideologies
of the occupier of the house.
157. Mode of evicting unlawful occupant:—
Whenever a 1[Collector] may desire to evict, under
the provisions of this Act or any other law, any person
having unlawful occupation of any land, such eviction
shall be made in the following manner:—
(1)a notice shall be served on the unlawful occupant
requiring him
to vacate the land within a fixed period from the
date of receipt
of the notice;
(2)if it is not obeyed such person shall be evicted
from the land by
force;
(3)if such eviction is resisted and obstructed by
any person the
1
[Collector] may hold before him a summary inquiry
into the case
and if satisfied after inquiry into the facts of the
case that the
resistance or obstruction was without any just
cause and that
such resistance and obstruction continues, shall
issue a warrant
for the arrest of the said person and keep him in
custody in the
---
1. Subs. for the word Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
office of the district, or Tahsil or send him with a t
warrant for imprisonment in the Civil Jail of the o
district for a period not exceeding thirty days as
may be necessary to prevent the obstruction and t
resistance. Explanation:— Nothing in this section h
shall prevent proceedings e
against such person under the 1[Indian Penal Code,
1860] (Central Act G
45 of 1860). o
2
[CHAPTER XI Appeal, v
Review and Revision e
Appeal r
n
158. Appeal from order of Revenue Officer:—
m
{1) Except as otherwise provided in this Act for any
e
other law for the time being in force, an appeal
n
shall lie against any decision or order passed by a
t
Revenue Officer under this Act or any other law for
the time being in force, to his immediate superior
f
officer whether such decision or order may have
r
been passed in the exercise of original jurisdiction
o
or on appeal.
m
Explanation:— For the purposes of this section
superior officer with reference to the decisions and
a
orders of Tahsildars shall mean the 3[* * *] 4[Collector]
n
3
[* * *] concerned, or the 5[Deputy or Assistant] 3[* * *]
y
4
[Collector] entrusted with the control of the Taluqa and
specially invested by the 6[Government] with powers to
d
hear appeals against the decisions and orders of
e
Tahsildar subordinate to him.
c
7
[(2) Subject to the provisions of [the Andhra Pradesh
8
i
(Telangana Area) Board of Revenue Regulation, 1358 s
F.], (Regulation LX 01 1358 F.], (an appeal shall lie
ion or order passed by a Collector or Settlement
Commissioner except in the case of any decision or
order passed by such officer on second or third
appeal.]
(3) When on account of promotion or change of
designation, an appeal against any decision or
order lies under this section to the same officer
who has originally passed the decision or order
appealed against, the appeal shall lie to the
officer competent under this section to hear
appeals against the decisions of the said officer.
---
1.Subs. by the reference "Hyd, Penal Code" by the

A.P.A.O. 1957.
2.Amended by Act No. 1C of 1345-F.
4.Subs. for the words "Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
5.Subs. for the words "Duwam Taluqdar (Second
Taluqdar), by ibid.
7.Subs. for sub-section (2) ibid.
8.Subs. for the original short title by A.P. Act IX of
1961.
---
I
(4) Subject to the provisions of 2[the Andhra Pradesh
1
(Telangana Area) Board of Revenue Regulation,

1358 F.], (Regulation L of 1358 F.) if any decision or
order is varied or reversed on revision or review in
accordance with the provisions hereinafter laid
down, an appeal shall lie from the order passed on
such revision or review as if such order were an
original order or decision.]
159. Non-appealable orders:—
The following orders shall be non-appealable:—
(1)order for exemption form period of limitation for a
memorandum
of appeal or application for review under3 [Section 5
of the Indian
Limitation Act, 1908 (Central Act 9 of 1908).]
(2)order rejecting an application for revision or
review.
160. Period of Limitation:—
Except as otherwise provided in this Act the period
of limitation for the appeal preferred under Section
158 shall be as follows:—
(1)when the appeal is against the order or
decision of an officer
lower in rank to a 4
* *] 5[Collector] 4[* * *]
6
[Settlement
Commissioner], 60 days;
(2)in all other cases, 90 days.
161. Original order or copy thereof to be
filed along with
memorandum etc.:—
The original order or decision appealed against or an
authentic copy thereof shall be filed along with every
memorandum of appeal.
162. Powers of appellate authority:—
The appellate authority may admit the
memorandum of appeal after or without calling for
the record of the subordinate department or may
after calling for the record and hearing the
arguments of the appellant summarily dismiss
without admitting it; provided that when the
memorandum of appeal is time-barred or the decision
is non-appealable the record of the subordinate
department shall not be called for.
(2)If the memorandum of appeal is admitted, a
date shall be fixed
for the hearing and the respondent informed of it
by a notice.
(3)The appellate authority may, if the parties be
present after
hearing their arguments and if, inspite of the
due service of
notice, any party be not present, after perusing
the existing
record;
(a) annul, vary, modify or confirm the order or
decision of the subordinate department; or
---
1.Subs. for the sub-sections (4) by the A.P.A.O. 1957.

2.Subs. for the original short title by A.P. Act IX of 1961.
3.Subs. for the reference "Section 5 of the Hyderabad
Limitation Act" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
4.Omitted by Act III ofl 355-F.
6.Subs. for the words "Nazim Paimaish bondobust or
Nazim bed Records" (Commissioner
Survey Settlement or Commissioner of Land Record)
by ibid.
---
(b) order the subordinate department to make
further enquiry or take further evidence; or
(c)
take such further evidence himself or by sending
back the case to the subordinate department direct it
for its disposal in the manner he may deem it. 163.
Power to stay execution:—
(1)When a memorandum of appeal is admitted
the appellate
authority may, pending decision of the appeal, direct
the execution
of the order or decision under appeal to be stayed.
(2)Any Revenue officer who has passed an order
or decision or
his successor may, if an appeal against the order or
decision has
not been preferred to a competent officer, on the
application of
any aggrieved party at any time within the period of
appeal stay
the execution of such order or decision for such
period (not
exceeding three months, in any case) as he may
deem fit in order
to enable the aggrieved party to present a
memorandum of
appeal to the competent officer and obtain an order
for the stay
of execution.
Orders under this sub-section by which execution
is stayed or refused to be stayed shall not be
appealable.
(3) When an order of stay of execution is passed
under sub-sec. (1)
or (2) the appellate authority or the executing
officer may, at his
discretion, take security from the party concerned
or impose any
other conditions as may be deemed fit.
1
[164. Final order to be deemed non-appealable:
—
Whenever in this Act or any rule or order made
thereunder, it is declared that a decision or order shall
be final, such expression shall be deemed to mean
that no appeal lies from such decision or order but,
subject to the provisions of 2[the Andhra Pradesh
{Telangana Area) Board of Revenue Regulation, 1358F
(Regulation LX of 1358F). the Government may under
Section 166-B, annul, vary or modify even a final
order or decision.] 165. Propriety or
reconsideration of order passed on motion of
incompetent officer:—
If in any case on the motion of any officer who is not
competent to deal with it, a superior competent
officer passes any order in the first instance, nothing
shall prevent such competent officer, on the application
of any party, to reconsider the said order and modify,
annul, or vary it and such modification, annulment or
variation shall be deemed to be in the first instance.
---
1.Subs. for Section 164 by the A.P.A.O. 1957.

2.Subs. for the original short title by the A.P. Act IX of
1961.
---
Revie
w 166. Review:—
(1) Every Revenue officer may, either himself or on
the application of any party when the application
is accompanied by the original order or decision
or by an authentic copy of such order or
decision against which the review is desired,
review the order or decision passed by him or his
predecessor and make such order as he may
deem fit.
Provided that an application for review shall be made
on the following grounds only:—
(a)when some new and important matter or

evidence has been
discovered which the applicant even after due
diligence, could
not know or adduce till the order or decision was
passed; or
(b)when some mistake or omission, by reasons
of which the
applicant has suffered loss, is apparent on the
face of order or
decision; or
(c)When there is some other reasonable ground
for review.
(2) (a) Where it appears to the reviewing authority
that there is no reasonable ground for review
he shall reject the application, but before
rejecting the application, the person applying
for review shall be given an opportunity to
produce arguments in support of the
application.
(b)Where such authority is of opinion that the
application for
review should be granted, he shall grant the
application but
before doing so the opposite party shall be given an
opportunity
of being heard.
(c)Where such application is on the ground of the
discovery of
new and important matter or evidence which
the applicant
alleges was not within his knowledge or could not
be produced
by him till the order or decision was passed, it
shall not be
granted unless such allegation is fully proved.
(3) Where in the opinion of a 1[* * *] 2[Settlement
Commissioner] or the 3[collector] 1[* * *) the
review of an order or decision not passed by him
is necessary or when any other Revenue officer,
below the rank of a1[* * *] 3[Collector] 1[* * *] 2
[Settlement Commissioner] desires to review an

order or decision whether passed by him or his
predecessor every such officer shall before
granting the application for review obtain the
sanction of such officer or higher department
whose immediate subordinate he may be.
---
1.The words "Subedarya" or Subedar were omitted by

the A.P.A.O. 1957.
2.Subs. for the words "Nazim Paimaiash
bandobast, Nazim Land Records'
(Commissioner of Survey Settlement, Commissioner
of land Records) by ibid.
3.Subs. for the words "Taluqdar" by ibid.
---
(4)No order or decision shall be modified or annulled
on review
unless all the parties to the case to be affected are
summoned
and heard against the order or decision under
review.
(5)When a memorandum of appeal or application for
revision has
been filed against any order or decision, such order
or decision
shall not be reviewed.
(6)No order or decision shall be reviewed which affects
the mutual
rights of the riot unless an application is filed by
some party to
the case and such application for review shall not be
admitted
unless it is filed within 90 days form the date of the
order or
decision.
(7)When an order or decision has been disposed of
in appeal or
revision, no Revenue officer lower in rank to the
authority
hearing the appeal or revision shall be competent to
review such
order or decision.
(8)For purposes of this section, the l[ * * *] 2[Collector]
1
[***] shall
be deemed to, be the successor of every such
Revenue officer in
the district as may not be present within the limits of
the district
or who has ceased to have powers in the Revenue
Department:
Provided that his successor has not been appointed.
(9)Orders passed in review shall on no account be
reviewed.
CASE LAW
Sections 166 and 166-B - Review - No fraud or mis-
representation - No subsequent discovery of important
material or evidence. Power of review sought to be
exercised by the Government is neither just nor
reasonable but influenced by other consideration. Every
thing was not fair with the authorities -It deserves
discouragement. M/s. Yamunanagar Co-operative House
Building Society vs. Government of A.P.; 1997 (4)ALT317
(D.B.) (1995 (3) ALT 330 and 1995 (2) ALT 381 - followed).
G.O. issued by Government in 1984 was confirmed by
High Court in a writ petition — Government issuing
another G.O. in 1992 in modification of G.O. of 1984 in
exercise of its revisional power under Sec. 166 is without
jurisdiction. M/s. Muthyafrao Co-operative Housing
Society Ltd. vs. GovemmentoJA.P., 1995(2) ALT381
(1997(4) ALT317-followed).
Power of Review of Government- G.O.Ms. No.1699,
Revenue (Q) Dept., dated 17-11-1984 modified by G.O.
Ms. No. 1049, Revenue (ASN-III) Dept., dt. 15-10-1992 —
Possession of thirty acres of land handed over by Social
Welfare Department to petitioner Housing Society in
19/4 for allotment of plots to its members — Plots were
allotted by Society to 265 members — Constructions
put up by members — When Government Officials
attempted to demolish the constructions,
representations made to Government by Society for
regularising allotment of plots in favour of its members
— 4th respondent Association also made representations
— On considering both representations, 1984 G.O. was
issued to regularise house site plots allotted to members
of petitioner society — When many members completed
constructions investing huge amounts, upsetting of
G.O. of 1984 by impugned G.O. of 1992 would cause
great hardship and loss to members of petitioner-
Society — Impugned G.O. of 1992 is unjust and arbitrary
— Applying of eligibility rule of 1991 to members of
petitioner Society long after allotment of plots —
Unreasonable — Impugned G.O. quashed. M/s.
Muthyalrao Co-operative Housing Society Ltd. vs.
Government ofA.P.; 1995 (2) ALT 381 (1997 (4) ALT 317 -
followed).
---

2.Subs. for the word "Taluqdar" by ibid.
---
Review - Authority who passed the order cannot
review its own order beyond the prescribed period of
limitation. Such an order either can be set aside or can
be modified only by higher authority. Government issuing
a G.O. modifying earlier G.O. in exercise of its power of
review beyond period of limitation - Not legal. M/s.
Muthyalrao Co-op. Housing Society Ltd. vs. Government
qfA.P.; 1995 (2) ALT381 (1997 (4) ALT 317 - followed).
Review - Petitioner Society filed a suit for injunction
against 4th respondent Association and obtained interim
injunction. High Court in earlier writ petition held that
reasons given in earlier G.O. of 1984 are substantially
correct and that parties could agitate their rights in the
pending suit. Petitioner Society later withdrew the suit.
4th respondent approached Government to review its
earlier G.O. of 1984 without objecting withdrawal of suit,
nor filing its own suit for declaration of its rights. When
High Court upheld earlier G.O. of 1984, passing of G.O. of
1992 by Government modifying earlier G.O. in exercise of
its power of review is without jurisdiction. M/s. Muthyalrao
Co-op. Housing Society Ltd. vs. Government ofA.P.. 1995
(2) ALT381 (1997 (4) ALT 317 - followed).
Review — Petitioner-Society never made
representations to Government to review 1984 G.O. — It
made representations to Government only to issue
directions to District Collector to comply with 1984 G.O.
— Passing of G.O. of 1992 only on representations of 4th
respondent-Association made nearly 6 to 8 years after
1984 G.O. is not only barred by time but also an unjust
order. M/s. Muthyalrao Co-operative Housing Society Ltd.
vs. Government ofA.P., 1995 (2) ALT 381.
Word 'ryot' used in sub-sec.(6) of Sec. 166 meant the
person liable to pay land Revenue to State. It does not
mean agricultural ryots only. Section 166(6) applies to
all cases of review affecting rights of parties relating to
not only agricultural lands but also house plots. M/s.
Muthyalrao Co-op. Housing Society Ltd. vs. Gout. ofA.P.,
1995 (2) ALT 381.
Sections 166 (1) and 166 (6) - Power of review of
Government - Wherever review affects mutual rights of
parties, review has to be done only on an application
made by a party to original order within ninety days
from the date of order under Sec. 166(6). G.O.Ms. No.
1699, Rev. (Q) Dept, dated 17-11-1984 passed
considering representations of Petitioner Society and 4th
Respondent Association. G.O.Ms. No. 1049, Revenue
(ASN-III) Dept., dated 15-10-1992 passed by Government
in exercise of its power of review, on representations
made by 4th Respondent after 6 to 8 years of 1984
G.O., i.e., beyond ninety days from date of order -
Barred by time. M/s. Muthyalrao Co-op.Housing Society
Ltd. vs. Government of A.P., 1995 (2) ALT381 (1997 (4)
ALT 317-followed).
Sections 166(1) and 166-A and Limitation Act, 1963,
Art. 124 - Suo motu review -Period of limitation. Even suo
motu power of review cannot be exercised at any time. It
shall be done only within 30 days from date of order
under Section 166-A of Land Revenue Act read with
Article 124 of Limitation Act. M/s. Muthyairao Co-operative
Housing Society Ltd. vs. Govt. ofA.P., 1995 (2) ALT 381.
166-A. Application of Limitation Act:—
The provisions of the 1[Indian Limitation Act, 1908
(Central Act 9 of 1908)] shall as far as possible, apply to
every memorandum of appeal and application for
review under this Act.
Revision
166-B. Revision:—
(1) 2[Subject to the provisions of 3[the Andhra Pradesh
(Telangana Area) Board of Revenue Regulation,
1358 F], the Government] or any Revenue officer
not lower in rank to a 4[Collector] the
5
[Settlement
---
1. Subs. for the reference "Hyderabad Limitation Act"

by Act III of 1355-F.
1.Subs. for the words 'Sarkar-i-ali" (the Government)
by Act III of 1355-F.
2.Subs. for the original short title by A.P. Act IX of 1961.
3.Subs. for the word "Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O., 1957.
4.Subs. for the words "Nizam Paimaish Bandobast, Nazim
land Records (Commissioner
of Survey Settlement, Commissioner of Land Records)"
by ibid.
---
Commissioner] of Land Records may call for the
record of a case or proceedings from a
subordinate department and inspect it in order
to satisfy himself that the order or decision
passed or the proceedings taken is regular,
legal and proper and may make suitable order
in that behalf;
Provided that no order or decision affecting the
rights of the ryot shall be modified or annulled unless
the concerned parties are summoned and heard.
(2) Every Revenue Officer lower in rank to a 1
[Collector] or 2[Settlement
Commissioner] may call for the records of a case
or proceedings for
a subordinate department and satisfy himself
that the order or
decision passed or the proceedings taken is
regular, legal and
proper and if, in his opinion, any order or
decision or, proceedings
should be modified or annulled, he shall put up
the file of the case
£ with his opinion to the 1[Collector] or 2[Settlement
Commissioner]
as the case maybe. Thereupon the 3[* * *] '[Collector] or 2 [Settlement
/ Commissioner] may pass suitable order under
the provisions of
I sub-section (1).
(3) The original order or decision or an authentic
copy of the original
*• order or decision sought to be revised shall be filed
along with every
application for revision.
CASE LAW
Orders passed by the Commissioner of Survey, Settlements and Land
Records, A.P.
7
Hyderabad (2nd respondent) directing the implementation
of Assal Sethwar is a proceeding
taken within the meaning of Sec. 166-B of the Act.
MirzaMufcoram.Ali.Baig us. Gout, of A.P.. 2001 (2) ALT 16.
Section 166-B and Constitution of India, Art.226.
Order of the Revisional Authority i.e., Government
challenged on various grounds. Every order or decision
passed in a case and the proceedings taken by a
Subordinate Officer is susceptible to the revisional
jurisdiction of the Government or the Specified
Authority under Sec. 166-B of the Act. Mirza Mufcaram
Ali Baig us. Government of A.P., 2001 (2) ALT 16.
The order or decision in a case including the
proceeding on the file of a subordinate to the
Government could be revised by the Government in
exercise of its revisional jurisdiction - Explained. Mirza
Mufcaram Alt Baig vs. Government of A.P., 2001 (2) ALT
16.
The validity of the order passed by the statutory
authority (i.e., appellate or revisional authority) must be
judged by the reasons recorded therein and cannot be
construed in the light of subsequent explanation by the
authority concerned or by filing an affidavit. The
revisional authority is required to apply its independent
mind to the facts and issues that arise for consideration
and decide the same in accordance with law. Mirza
Mufcaram Alt Baig vs. Government of A.P., 2001 (2) ALT
16.
Section 166-B (2) and A.P. Non-Agricultural Lands
Assessment Act, 1963, (NALA), Sees. 5 and 6. NALA was
enacted for levy of assessment on lands used for non-
agricultural lands. It is a self-contained Code. Land
Revenue Act was enacted to amend and consolidate
orders and Regulations relatingto land revenue. Under
Sec.6 of NALA, RDO has revisional jurisdiction on the
orders passed by the appellate authority. Such a
revisional order when attained finality cannot be
reopened by the Joint Collector by exercising his
revisional powers u/s. 166-B (2) of the Land Revenue Act.
The order of Joint Collector is a nullity -Cannot be
sustained. Voltas Ltd. vs. Joint Collector, Medak, 2001 (2)
ALT 269.
Section 166-
BandA.P.RightsinLandandPattadarPassBooksAct, 1971-
Cancellation of assignment - First petitioner playing fraud
in collusion with officials of local administration and
obtaining assignment in his favour and in favour of three
of his close kith and kin of
---
1.Subs. for the word Taluqdar" by the A.P.A.O., 1957.
2.Subs. for the words "Nizam PaimaishBandobast, Nazim
land Records (Commissioner
of Survey Settlement, Commissioner of Land Records)"
by ibid.
3.Omitted by Act III of lb55-F
---
Acs. 5-00 of land to each who are non-locals and are not
landless poor persons and do not belong to weaker
sections of the Society for whom only assignment of
Government land is intended. Subsequently, he
managed to obtain reassignment of the very same land
to two freedom fighters without cancelling the earlier
assignment and got the sale of those lands from them
in favour of petitioners 2 and 3. Entire transaction of
assignment to different individuals is confined only to
paper which is nothing but a sham and nominal one.
Those persons were never in possession of the land
assigned to them. First petitioner only continued and
enjoyed the entire Acs.20-00 of land himself. None of the
assignees other than 1st petitioner offered explanation
to the show-cause notice issued for cancellation of
assignment. Cancellation of assignment by Joint
Collector rejecting the explanation of 1st petitioner. Not
illegal in the circumstances of the case. Right and title of
Government not affected by transaction of sale when
once assignment is cancelled. Petitioners not entitled to
copy of preliminary report of enquiry held preceding
show-cause notice. District Collector directed to enquire
and initiate action against erring officers who colluded
with petitioners facilitating appropriation of
Government land by petitioners. Gadiraju Narayana
Raju. vs. Joint Collector, Khammam, 2001 (4) ALT 767.
Principles of natural justice - Assignment of land -
Revisional power of Collector to cancel assignment. If
one officer hears a party and if another officer decides
the issue and passes an order, it amounts to violation of
principles of natural justice. Show-cause notice issued
and assignee heard by one Joint Collector but order of
cancellation passed by another Joint Collector. Order
liable to be set aside as violative of principles of natural
justice.Laxminarayana us. Jt Collector, Khammam 1998 (2)
ALT258= 1998 ALT (Rev.) 316.
Revision - Land assigned in 1984 to petitioners as
Scheduled Tribes — Show-cause notice for cancellation
of assignment issued in 1994 - No allegation made in
show-cause notice that assignment was obtained by
playing fraud or misrepresentation — In the absence of
such averment, exercising of revisional power of
cancellation of assignments after a period often years.
Unjust and unreasonable - Petitioners spent sufficient
money for improving the land and constructing tiles
factory. Impugned order of cancellation set aside and
directions given to issue title deeds to petitioners.
Loxminarayana us. Joint Collector, Khammam, 1998 (2)
ALT 258 = 1998 ALT (Rev.) 316.
Powers of revision of Collector delegated to District
Revenue Officer — Once D.R.O. exercises power of
revision as delegated authority, Collector in exercise of
his supervisory powers over subordinates cannot revise
order of delegated authority exercising his revisional
powers — General supervisory powers do not extend to
statutory orders of subordinates. Gudepu Sailoo vs.
Government ofA.P., 1997 (5) ALT 598.
Revision by Government — Resumption of assigned
lands — District Revenue Officer to whom powers of
revision of Collector were delegated passing an order that
lands cannot be resumed — Collector suspending the
said order — Government in suo motu revision ratified
suspension order of Collector and remanded the matter
to Collector to make an enquiry and pass final order —
Such an order of Government held to be irregular as it
amounts to delegating its power to Collector whose
power itself was earlier delegated to District Revenue
Officer. Gudepu Sailoo us. Gouernment o/A.P., 1997 (5)
ALT 598.
Revisional power of Government — Resumption of
assigned lands by Government for alleged irregularities
34 years after assignment — Unreasonable and
arbitrary — Even though no period of limitation is
prescribed for exercising revisional power, such power
be exercised within reasonable time — Period of
limitation may be 90 days as in the case of appeal and at
the most it should not exceed one year. Gudepu Sailoo
us. Government o/A.P., 1997 (5) ALT598 (AIR 1969 SC
1297 and AIR 1983 SC 1239 - followed).
Amendment by Act No. 27 of 1990 — Introduction of
new Section 166(C) — Came into force with Effect from
27-12-1990 — Confers powers on the State Government
to review, either suo motu or on application, its earlier
order " passed under any mistake, whether of fact or of
law or in ignorance of any material fact".
G.O.Ms.No.172/- dt. 1-12-1989 — The State Government,
on consideration of the petitioner's case directed under
the aforesaid G.O. the mutation of petitioner's name in
the revenue Records — which order the Government
sought to review under the new Sec. 166-(C). (1)
Petitioner's contention that having ordered mutation of
Petitioner's name in the Revenue records, it is not
competent for the Government to review its order under
the new Section 166 (C) — Constitutional validity of
Section 166-C questioned. K. Narayana Rao vs. Principal
Secretary, Revenue Dept, Hyderabad; 1997 (2) An.W.R.
557.
Assignment of Government land - Revisional power of
Collector under Sec. 166-B of the Act be exercised within
a reasonable period having regard to the facts and
circumstances
of each case. Exercise of that power by cancelling
assignments of lands made several years prior thereto
and when third parties' interests are involved having
acquired rights and interests in the lands and when
pucca buildings were constructed therein investing huge
sums of money in the mean time - IIIegal, unreasonable
and oppresive. Smt. P. Mangamma vs. women's Co-op.
Housing Society Ltd. 1995 (3) ALT330 (DB) (1997 (4) ALT
317-followed). Assignment of Government poramboke
land to certain persons by Tahsildar in 1953 under the
Laoni Rules, 1950 - Possession given to assignees and
assignees selling those parcels of land to a Society. Lay
out plan submitted by Society approved by Municipality
- Plots allotted to its members. Some of the allottees
selling those plots to third parties,
Houses constructed by some allottees and other
purchasers. Certificate of possession
issued by Tahsildar showing that the said certificate was
issued under Orders of Collector.
Cancellation of the said assignment of lands made by
Tahsildar by Collector in exercise
of his revisional powers under Section 163-B on the
premise that assignment was made
without seeking approval of Collector, thirty one years
after assignment and after
construction of pucca buildings investing huge sums of
money by third parties. Irrational,
unreasonable and violative of fair play in administrative
action. Impugned orders of
cancellation of assignment - Quashed. Observation
made that if authorities interfere with the possession
and enjoyment of the owners of those parcels of land
they may approach competent Civil Courts for orders of
injunction. Smt P. Mangamma vs. Women's Co-op.
Housing Society Ltd., 1995 (3) ALT330 (D.B.) (1997 (4)
ALT 317-followed).
CHAPTER
XII
Miscellan
eous
167. Inspection of maps survey records and

village accounts and
granting copies thereof:—
Subject to such rules and after taking such fees as
the Government may prescribe by notification,
settlement records, all maps and village accounts shall
be open to the inspection of the public and copies and
extracts thereof may be given.
CASE LAW
Section 167 and the A.P. Record of Rights in Land and Pattedars
Passbooks Act, Sec.7
- The above provisions not only cast a duty on the
respondent to keep village accounts and
the record of rights etc. open to the inspection of the
public but also confer a right on the
fue public to obtain certified copies of the same.
The petitioner claims to have some interest over the
land in respect of which he has sought certified copies.
May be, it is classified as Government Land in Revenue
records. It is not the request of the petitioner to issue him
certified copies after altering the classification of the land.
Issuance of certified copies of the original record relating
to the land in question will not alter the character of the
land. Nor, will it create any right in favour of the
petitioner. Thus there can be no objection for furnishing
him the required certified copies.
The Petitioner is entitled to have certified copies of
the documents he has sought for. K. Peeda Jangaiah vs.
MandalRevenueOflicer. 1996(l)An.WR 191=1996(1)APLJ
118.
168. Rules for partition of an area on which land
revenue is levied:—
The following rules shall be enforced at the
partition of any area on which land revenue is levied:
—
(1) The area shall be divided as far as possible
according to numbers
without sub-dividing any number;
But if the partition cannot be completely effected
without subdividing a number, such number may be
sub-divided by the 1
[Collector], subject to the
provisions of Section 79.
(2) Any number or its pote-number which may
remain undivided
after the partition has been carried out under
the preceding rule
---
1. Subs. for the word "Taluqd"-' by A.P.A.O. 1957.
---
and which is incapable of sub-division or further
sub-division according to Section 79, shall be
made over to one of the sharers; provided that
such sharer pays to the other sharers the
consideration for their shares or they shall be sold
or auctioned and the proceeds divided among all
the sharers or disposed of as the 1 [Collector]
thinks fit.
(3) The expenses properly incurred in making such
partition shall be recoverable as an arrear of land
revenue in such proportions as the l [Collector]
thinks fit from all the shares or from the persons
at whose request partition is made or form the
persons interested in such portion.
2
[169, 170, 171]
172. Power to make rules:—
(1)The Government may, by notification published
in the 3[Official
Gazette], make rules not inconsistent with the
provisions of this
Act, the carry out the purposes and objects of this
Act and for the
guidance of all persons in the matters
connected with the
enforcement of this Act or in matters not expressly
provided for
in the Act.
(2)In particular, and without prejudice to the
generality of the
foregoing power, rules may be made with regard to
the following
matters:
4
[* * *]
(a)the appointment of Revenue officers and the
exercise of their
powers and their duties;
(b)where the appointment of the officials is
subject to furnishing
security, the manner in which security shall be
taken from
them and the nature and the amount of such
security;
(c) 5[***]
(d) 6 [***]
(e) the assess me nt of la nd rev en ue an d
the a lteration and revision of such
assessment and the recovery of land
revenue;
(f) the disposal of attached land;
7
[(f-1) to prescribe the manner of publication of the
notification and of the service of the notice
referred to in sub-section (3) of Section 46-A;]
(g) the maximum amount of fine leviable
under Section 57;
(h) the purpose for which land assessed for land
revenue may or may not be used and to
grant permission to use agricultural land for
non-agricultural purposes;
---
1.Subs. for the word "Taluqdar" by A.P. A.O. 1957.

2.Omitted by A.P.A.O. 1957.
3.Subs. for the word "Jarlda" by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
4.Proviso was omitted by ibid.
5.Omitted by the Act XLIV of 1952.
6.Clause (d) was omitted by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
7.Added by Act XLIV of 1952.
---
(i) issuing of notice in the matter of enhancement of rent and
eviction from land by the holder to the Asami or by the
Asami to the holder under Section 71;
(j) prescribing the area of a number under Section 79 and
the records, registers, accounts and maps to be
maintained for the purposes of this Act and the manner
and forms in which they shall be prepared and
maintained;
(k) the interest or penalty chargeable if land revenue is not
paid in time;
(1) regulating the conduct of survey and settlement and land
revenue and prescribing the notice to be issued under
Section 84 before the introduction of settlement;
1
[(m) * * *]
1[(n) * * *]
(o) the division of survey numbers into pote-numbers and

the
assessment of pote-numbers under Section 89-B.
(p) the construction, laying out, maintenance and repair of
boundary
marks;
(q) the mode of drawing up plaint, appeal, application for
review and revision of prescribing forms and the manner of
presenting them.
CASE LAW
Section 172 and A.P. (T.A.) Grant of Lease of Lands for Non-
Agricultural Purposes Rules, 1977, Rules 5, 6, 7 and 15 - Rules 5, 6, 7
and 15 and A.P. (T.A.) Alienation of State Lands and Land Revenue
Rules, 1975, Rule 4 and A.P. (T.A.) Land Revenue Act, 1317 Fasli,
Sec. 172 - Government land - Alienation/Lease - Government has
no unlimited discretion in the matter - Statutory Rules be followed.
Lease Rules not followed in leasing out the land to respondents 5 and
6 and in delivering advance possession. No application made in the
prescribed format for grant of lease. No provision in the rules to
deliver advance possession of land before sanction of lease. Market
value not ascertained -Requirements of the Departments of
Government and other bodies - Ignored. No finding or observation
made that the land leased out is for any public purpose. Maximum
period of lease shall not exceed 25 years. No reasons given for
granting lease for 30 years. Action of District Collector in delivering
advance possession is contrary to Rules. Decision of Government to
grant lease for 30 years to Respondents 5 and 6 subsequent to
delivery of possession by District Collector - IIIegal and ultra vires
the Rules. A decision ultra vires the Rules even though not mala fide
- Liable to be set aside. Directions given to resume the land from the
possession of Respondents 5 and 6. Road Metal Industry vs.
Government of A.P., Revenue Department, 2001 (5) ALT 670.
173. Punishment for breach of rules:—
(1)The Government may prescribe punishment for breach of
rules
which may either be imprisonment to the extent of one
month
or fine which may extend to five hundred rupees or both.
(2)Under sub-section (1) punishment on conviction shall
be
awarded by a magistrate.
---
1. Clauses (m) and (n) were omitted by the A.P.A.O. 1957.
_______“_________ ______ ___________”

___
The SPV should be allowed to charge user fees for providing route navigational facility services,
through an arrangement
whereby investments made by the proposed SPV in ATC facilities are allowed to be recouped. User
fees could be charged
in convertible foreign exchange.
The SPV should be empowered to seize the Aircrafts of Airlines in the event of non-payment of dues,
and should be
allowed to take legal action to evict tenants that do not comply with the terms of agreement.
The SPV should be allowed to import capital goods duty-free. Assets such as air field works, terminal
building etc
should be treated as ‘Plant’ for the purposes of claiming and allowing higher depreciation rates for
taxation purposes.
Under section 80IA of Income-tax Act, 1961, the proposed new airport should be extended full tax
holiday for 10 years.
In conformance with guidelines stipulated by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Authority, Security
Management in the defined
precincts/zone in the Shamshabad area would rest with the SPV. In an emergency such as hijacking,
security agencies of
the Government of India and those of Andhra Pradesh Government will co-operate with the
management of SPV. For the
purposes of initiating such emergency/anti-hijacking operations, Government of India shall maintain
and suitably fund
an adequate force of armed police at the airport for 24-hour emergency coverage.
The Government of India will man appropriately immigration and custom clearance services at the
new airport and
cargo complex, which will be suitably compensated by the management of SPV.
GOI, through AAI will man CNA/ATN systems on the basis of compensation mechanism to be funded
by SPV.
The SPV for the new HIA will be exempted from the payment of property taxes for 10 years of its
operations. Registration
charges and stamp duty payable on the transfer of land to SPV will also be exempted.
The SPV will also be exempted from the payment of service tax and local and State level
sales/turnover taxes and other
allied levies for the first 10 years of operations.
For the purposes of electric supply, the new Hyderabad International Airport at Shamshabad will be
regarded as “essential
service”.
Only the management of HIA shall have the authority to issue security authorisation for personnel,
both Indian and
Foreign to enter the security perimeter of the airport.
_________________________________
GOAP will in the medium term work towards conversion of the portion of National Highway No.7
between Hyderabad
and Shamshabad into a Six Lane Toll Expressway, and will work towards providing a high speed
dedicated LRT access
GOAP will work towards a luxury medium speed shuttle Rail service between
Hyderabad/Secunderabad station and
Shamshabad station. Shamshabad station would be renovated and refurbished.
HADA_Bk.p65 154 14/10/2003, 4:25 PM
200 syds, 500 syds plots for sale at Turkayamjal

Location : Andhra Pradesh » Hyderabad
Posted on : 13-May-2009
Suchirindias gold coast project on vijayawada highway 200 syds 2 plots lahari resorts on mumbai highway
500 syds plot in VIP zone in 325 syds villa at Turkayamjal
Mobile : 9963141319 [Send Free SMS]
IT Parks Coming up in Hyderabad
Park Name === Location = Sq/Ft in Mil. = Status
Ashoka Cyber City Cyberabad 1.2 ========= Proposed
Divyasree Omega Cyberabad= 0.8 ========= Proposed
DLF Cyber City == Gachibowli 4.5 ========= Under Construction
Divyasree Arena = Uppal === 3.0 ========= Proposed
Mindspace ===== Pocharam 1.0 ========== Proposed
Others ========Cyberabad 4.0 ========= Under Construction
The upcoming SEZ in and around Hyderabad (5 IT-ITES SEZs, covering appx. 60
hectares) are expected to bring in a mega supply in the future. IT/ITES companies
are expected to favour peripheral locations such as Madhapur and Gachibowli. Scope
for continuous expansion in these areas with development taking place in a phased
manner office space will be continuously made available for the next 6-8
years, facilitating companies to expand. With hardly any land available in the
primary areas like Madhapur and Gachibowli a vertical development in form of
skyscrapers in expected.
Apart from the developments in HITECH city and surroundings there are many other
factors that will make Hyderabad a truly global city. The SEZs in the areas in and
around Shamshabad and along the the new outer ring road are going to attract
investments to the tune of around USD 16 Billion in the next 5-10 years.
The state government has been the major factor to propel IT-ITES development in
the state, With its host of tax incentives and great policies. With single window
clearance - dedicated STPI cell for accelerated software exports and streamlined
hardware imports.
IT SEZ approved in Hyderabad

Alloted To = Location === Area in Acres
Wipro ===== Manikonda ===== 6.0
Raheja ===== Madhapur ==== 36.6
Satyam ==== Madhapur ==== 10.5
Satyam === Bahadurpally === 12.14
AP.Techno Projects Madhapur 10.0
APIIC ===== Nanakramguda = 20.5
CMC ====== Gachi Bowli === 20.5
Sanghi === Sanghi Nagar = = 202.4
Divyasree == Raidurg ====== 15.18
Lanco Mantri Manikonda ==== 11.77
Below is a breakdown of key statistics of all the major cities in India and various
factors which drive IT-ITES in the respective cities
Major IT/ITES Destination of India. How do they Rank?

Measure =========Mumbai == Delhi == Bangalore = Chennai = Hyderabad =
Pune
IT/ITES Rank ======= 3 ======= 2 ===== 1 ====== 4 ======= 5
====== 6
Population ========16.36 ==== 12.79 === 5.68 ==== 6.42 ==== 5.75
==== 3.75
Pop. Growth ====== 3.0% ==== 4.2% === 3.8% ==== 1.8% === 2.8% ====
5.1%
Graduates / Yr ==== 31,361 ===37,870 == 38,130 === 34,204 == 37,288 ==
27,095
Employees IT/ITES 2,78,869 = 2,82,708 = 3,41,374 = 1,81,528 = 1,34,894 =
1,29,056
Higher Education Institutes 303 315 ===== 445 ===== 162 ===== 79 ======
129
IT Firms ======== 124 ===== 224 ===== 185 ===== 104 ===== 106
====== 58
ITES Firms ======= 61 ===== 145 ====== 67 ======36 ====== 44
====== 10
IT Growth ======= 60% ===== 60% ===== 30% ==== 60% ==== 60%
===== 80%
ITES Growth ===== 60% ===== 60% ===== 50% ==== 50% ==== 50%
===== 40%
Infrastructure == Average === Good == Average = Above Average = Good ==
Average
Airport ========= Intl ======= Intl ==== Intl ==== Intl ======= Intl
==== Dom
IT Attrition ====== 25% ====== 30% ==== 30% === 20% ====== 30%
==== 22%
ITES Attrition ==== 40% ======= 40% === 40% ==== 40% ====== 42%
==== 30%
Office Space IT == 33.80 ===== 15.99 ==== 50.35 === 45.76 === 14.43 ===
23.27
Office Space ITES = 13.52 ==== 11.99 ==== 40.28 === 36.61 === 11.54 ====
17.45
Citywise IT Salaries (in Lakh Rupees)
Level ===== Mumbai = Delhi === Bangalore = Chennai = Hyderabad = Pune
Junior Level 2.7 - 5 == 2.2 - 5 = 2.5-4 ==== 1.8-5 ===== 1.8 ==== 4.2
Medium Level 6-13 == 5-13 === 3-8 ====== 4 - 13 ==== 3-8 === 3-15
Senior Level 12-30 = 12-40 == 1.2-1.8 ==== 15-20 ==== 10-17 == 8-35
Citywise ITES Salaries (in Lakh Rupees)

Level ===== Mumbai == Delhi === Bangalore == Chennai = Hyderabad = Pune
Junior Level = 2.7 - 5 = 1.2 - 3 === 1.2 - 2.5 = 1.2-3 ==== 1.2-2.5 === 1-2
Medium Level 3.5-8 === 3.8-8 === 2.4-5 ==== 3.5-8 ==== 3-5.5 ===== 4-8
Senior Level >8 ====== >12 ===== 6-15 ===== 1.2-2 ==== 8-17 ==== 8-20
Source: Trammell Crow Meghraj Launches

'MAJOR IT-ITES HUBS IN INDIA A SNAPSHOT'
Babji March 30th, 2007 03:44 AM

http://i13.tinypic.com/440ey50.jpg
`Hyderabad on Mission Tomorrow'
Quote:
Hyderabad though ranks 5th as an IT/ITES destination, it has a great potential of

being on the top. The Software exports from Hyderabad recorded an amazing 51%
growth in 2005-06 well above the national average of 36%. Hyderabad has the
third largest resource pool in form of graduating students suitable for IT-ITES.
Adding to that it has an abundant supply of Grade A IT-ITES realestate office...
wcgokul March 30th, 2007 04:50 AM

Quote:
Originally Posted by Babji (Post 12411044)
http://www.cyberabadtimes.net/2007/s...-factsheet.asp
Hyderabad : An IT-ITES Factsheet
Skilled workforce, good quality of life and a good physical infrastructure enabling
regulatory environment, proactive IT and Business friendly State Government have
been the key strengths for IT-ITES development.
Hyderabad though ranks 5th (See Statistics below) as an IT/ITES destination, it

has a great potential of being on the top. The Software exports from
Hyderabad recorded an amazing 51% growth in 2005-06 well above the national
average of 36%. Hyderabad has the third largest resource pool in form of
graduating students suitable for IT-ITES. Adding to that it has an abundant
supply of Grade A IT-ITES realestate office space.
IT Parks Coming up in Hyderabad

Park Name === Location = Sq/Ft in Mil. = Status
Ashoka Cyber City Cyberabad 1.2 ========= Proposed
Divyasree Omega Cyberabad= 0.8 ========= Proposed
DLF Cyber City == Gachibowli 4.5 ========= Under Construction
Divyasree Arena = Uppal === 3.0 ========= Proposed
Mindspace ===== Pocharam 1.0 ========== Proposed
Others ========Cyberabad 4.0 ========= Under Construction
The upcoming SEZ in and around Hyderabad (5 IT-ITES SEZs, covering appx. 60
hectares) are expected to bring in a mega supply in the future. IT/ITES companies
are expected to favour peripheral locations such as Madhapur and Gachibowli.
Scope for continuous expansion in these areas with development taking place in a
phased manner office space will be continuously made available for the
next 6-8 years, facilitating companies to expand. With hardly any land available
in the primary areas like Madhapur and Gachibowli a vertical development in form
of skyscrapers in expected.
Apart from the developments in HITECH city and surroundings there are many
other factors that will make Hyderabad a truly global city. The SEZs in the areas in
and around Shamshabad and along the the new outer ring road are going to
attract investments to the tune of around USD 16 Billion in the next 5-10
years.
The state government has been the major factor to propel IT-ITES development in
the state, With its host of tax incentives and great policies. With single window
clearance - dedicated STPI cell for accelerated software exports and streamlined
hardware imports.

Sanghi === Sanghi Nagar = = 202.4
Babji March 30th, 2007 05:34 AM
Quote:
Originally Posted by goram_vlad (Post 12412338)

here's the complete study........interesting to note that AP,KA,TN have 16 approved
ITsezs each........
http://chestertonmeghraj.com/downloa...20Snapshot.pdf
Very interesting info.
Thanks for the link @Goram_vlad.
R2IChennai March 30th, 2007 07:40 AM

Quote:

Very interesting info.
Thanks for the link @Goram_vlad.
Yes very interesting and well articulated research report.
Interesting to see Hyd comes only 6th in terms of commercial space availability why?
wcgokul March 30th, 2007 08:02 AM

Quote:
Office Space IT == 33.80 ===== 15.99 ==== 50.35 === 45.76 === 14.43
=== 23.27
Office Space ITES = 13.52 ==== 11.99 ==== 40.28 === 36.61 === 11.54
==== 17.45
Quote:
Interesting to see Hyd comes only 6th in terms of commercial space availability
why?
there was an article about hyd which said that about 30-40 million sqft of space were
being constructed in the city........
ranga March 30th, 2007 08:35 AM

Quote:

here's the complete study........interesting to note that AP,KA,TN have 16 approved
ITsezs each........
http://chestertonmeghraj.com/downloa...20Snapshot.pdf
The major investments in Hyderabad are only concentrated in IT/ITES sector.
Why no investments in the manufacturing sector coming to Hyderabad? is it due to
lack or non availibility of skilled work force In this sector in Hyderabad?
ranga March 30th, 2007 08:40 AM
Quote:

there was an article about hyd which said that about 30-40 million sqft of space
were being constructed in the city........
I am living in hyderabad all thru 365 days leading a retired life going round and
round of the city.I have not seen any activity of construction of the magnitude of 30-
40 million sq ft here. Our Hyderabad forumers can throw better light on this news.
Babji March 31st, 2007 01:56 AM

URL: http://www.thehindu.com/2007/03/31/s...3121430400.htm
Quote:
HUDA to refund 400 cr. to Kokapet bidders
Undertaking sought from bidders to avoid repeat auction, says Jayesh Ranjan
Fallout of title deed dispute still pending in High Court
Golden Mile project invites fierce competitive bidding
HYDERABAD: HUDA has decided to refund Rs. 400 crores paid by bidders for the
Golden Mile project at Kokapet of Rajendranagar mandal with the title deed dispute
still pending in the High Court.
The Kokapet auctions taken up in last July by HUDA drew wide attention as several
bidders from within and outside the State vied with one another to bag plots in the
strategically located Golden Mile. The fiercely competitive bidding for 15 plots in
the range of two to six acres totalling 70 acres resulted in HUDA netting Rs.702
crores. The plots were bid for Rs.10 crores per acre on an average while the
highest price was Rs.14.5 crores per acre.
Even as bidders paid Rs.400 crores as per the stipulated payment schedule, the
court ordered a stay following a writ petition disputing the title deed of the land.
The petitioner challenged that the Golden Mile area was part of land purchased by
their ancestors during Nizam's time.
However, HUDA exuded confidence that the case would be solved soon as
the land, as recorded in revenue records, belonged to the Government and
waited for the court's clearance to launch infrastructure development work. But
weeks turned into months with no progress in the case. In the meantime, bidders
became restive and urged HUDA to refund the money. They even made a
representation to Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy who promised that the
money would be refunded if there was no verdict by February-end. Hence, HUDA
decided to refund the money in April in one lot to bidders.
However, it would take an undertaking and a bank guarantee for an

amount equivalent to earnest money deposit (EMD) from bidders that they
would rejoin the project at the old terms and conditions as and when the
case was solved, thus ruling out a repeat auction at a later date, HUDA
Vice-Chairman Jayesh Ranjan told The Hindu on Friday. As per the conditions,
HUDA would spend Rs.50 crores on infrastructure development in the Golden Mile
project area where commercial, hotel and residential projects were proposed.
Good. this bold step would help rebuild confidence in the minds of future bidders for
other sites as well.

Quote:
Originally Posted by R2IChennai (Post 12413999)

Yes very interesting and well articulated research report.
Interesting to see Hyd comes only 6th in terms of commercial space availability
why?
Most of the times, findings of such articles would only present a broad picture.
Plus, there is also a considerable quantum of work-in-progress.
And, there are some low-key projects which go unnoticed.
Nevertheless, the figures are very encouraging and inline with our (most of SSC
forumers') views/estimates.
Rumours are that some builders are targeting their completion time with the ORR
phase-1 and HIAL (mid 2008).
I am OK with these numbers.
Quote:

Sanghi === Sanghi Nagar == 202.4
Divyasree == Raidurg ====== 15.18
Lanco Mantri Manikonda ==== 11.77

Some useful tips. Buyers Beware!
Cyberabad Times
Quote:
What you see is NOT what you get
It's all about dreams. Dream location, dream plot, dream home and dream
amenities. Every brochure and every publicity material that real estate promoters
hand you out, come laced with oodles of dreams. Pay the advance and run around
to arrange the rest. At the end, do you really get what has been promised initially?
Not much different are the complaints of some apartment owners. No shelves, no
car park, no lift installed, no woodwork attended to, no kitchen platforms and a
whole lot of things left just like that.
Is the location as picturesque as it was promised? Is there a lush green cover
swaying to the breeze? Does tranquillity really reign as was assured or there are
chaos enveloping from all around?
The property boom and the endeavour to catch the attention of prospective buyers
has resulted in some developers and builders coming up with promises galore that
eventually are not met with. The cut-throat competition and their eagerness to sell
one venture at the earliest and then rush to another has in a way ended up in
flooding the market with projects that are hyped beyond reasonable limits.
Take the case of R.S. Banerjee who had shifted to the city with family and a little
savings from West Bengal. Taken in by the real estate euphoria sweeping the
middle class, he too got enticed with publicity material on two ventures which sold
plots 'very close to the airport' coming up at Shamshabad. And when he went to
check personally, the 'very close' and 'in proximity' actually turned out to be nearly
17 km and 21 km from where the international airport is getting located.
Many realise that there is very little they can do when they go to occupy their
duplex houses or plots in what is sold as 'well planned layout'. There have been
instances of buyers made to take possession of their 'dream dwellings' in a venture
where there are no proper roads, no street lights, no electricity and not even a
regular water supply. Forget avenue plantations, swimming pools, gymnasiums and
children's tot lots!
Not much different are the complaints of some apartment owners. No shelves, no
car park, no lift installed, no woodwork attended to, no kitchen platforms and a
whole lot of things left just like that. "The builder asked me to take possession and
promised to get the tiles fixed in the bath and a cooking platform built in the
kitchen. It has been more than a year and after futile calls, I spent another
Rs.70,000 to get these installed," says Rajeswar Rao, a flat owner at
Vivekanandanagar.
Builders who are seriously into the business and look for a longer run themselves
admit that their industry has been infiltrated by some fly-by-night operators.
Then, there are instances of some builders misleading buyers with assurances on
having procured all valid permissions from the authorities concerned. Gullible
persons landing in trouble after heeding to seller's sweet talk and buying flats or
penthouse that are built without permission are many.
What is offered as approved layout need not be taken on face value. A visit to the
Hyderabad Urban Development Authority (HUDA) will give a clear picture. Building
permissions can be checked with local authority, fire safety norms can be taken a
close look at and if going in for a flat, then nothing wrong in networking with other
buyers while finalising the deal itself.
Quote:
Stone laid for Musheerabad-2 bus depot
HYDERABAD: A special enforcement wing for the APSRTC will be constituted to

keep a check on illicit operations by private transport operators, according to
Transport Minister Kanna Lakshmi Narayana.
Speaking after laying the foundation stone for Musheerabad-2 bus depot on Friday,
he said the wing would comprise 49 Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspectors.
Musheerabad -2 depot is one among the eight new bus depots proposed at
Hayathnagar, Shamirpet, Bandlaguda, Borabanda, Turkayamjal,
Shamshabad and an exclusive Volvo depot near Gowliguda.
More depots spread over the city means less idle miles and more fuel efficiency.
APSRTC is aiming for more feeder services with shorter plying distances.

Rs 1,770-crore proposals under JNNURM
Saturday March 31 2007 05:28 IST Newindpress
Quote:
HYDERABAD: The State Government has submitted proposals worth Rs 1,770 crore
to the Centre for taking up various developmental works in the Old City under the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).
Replying to a question of Akbaruddin Owaisi (MIM) and others in the Assembly on

Friday, Municipal Administration Minister K Ranga Rao said that as per the
proposals, the Central Government, State Government and the Municipal
Corporation would contribute Rs 642 crore, Rs 273 crore and Rs 855 crore
respectively.
As per the proposals,

Rs 55.82 crore have been earmarked for constructing bridges and flyovers,
Rs 74.10 crore for improvement of major nalas,
Rs 349.50 crore for bus rapid transit system,
Rs 901.35 crore for water supply and sewerage works,
Rs 47 crore for providing basic amenities for the poor and
Rs 16.57 crore for housing.
He said that works worth Rs 325.76 crore have already been sanctioned under
JNNURM and another Rs 120.92 crore for works under other schemes.
Wow! The new old city would be like history repeating!
arijeetb March 31st, 2007 09:34 AM

Quote:
Most of the times, findings of such articles would only present a broad picture.
Plus, there is also a considerable quantum of work-in-progress.
And, there are some low-key projects which go unnoticed.
Nevertheless, the figures are very encouraging and inline with our (most of SSC
forumers') views/estimates.
Rumours are that some builders are targeting their completion time with the ORR
phase-1 and HIAL (mid 2008).
I am OK with these numbers.
I believe the area is in hectares and not in acres...
pding March 31st, 2007 03:45 PM

lot of schemes under JNURM! that's good. the most important thing would be to
improve the drainage and nalas system. seriously, everytime there is a major storm,
the nalas overflow and the roads are a hell to travel on in those times. this nala infra
desperately needs some upgradation to modern levels. and good to see MCH
investing in this...
also, there are a lot of IT parks currently under construction. i personally know
relatives working in the IT industry and they are saying major players like Infosys,
Wipro, Satyam, TCS are all on expansion spree in Hyd. and all these have active
plans to recruit thousands more uptil 2010 and later as per their expansion
strategies. and coming to IT parks by real-estate majors, i don't have any first-hand
evidence but a lot of news reports recently have shown that many are currently
under execution.
p.raghavendra6 March 31st, 2007 04:39 PM

Quote:
Originally Posted by ranga (Post 12414481)

I am living in hyderabad all thru 365 days leading a retired life going round and
round of the city.I have not seen any activity of construction of the magnitude of
30-40 million sq ft here. Our Hyderabad forumers can throw better light on this
news.
^^
That depends upon which part of city you are living in.
coz, the construction activity is going on only few sides of city like Gachi bowli,
Mumbai HW , Medchal etc....[:)]
Babji March 31st, 2007 10:05 PM

Quote:
Padmalaya studio land taken over
HYDERABAD: The Government took over 5.5 acres out of the 9.5 acres of land
allotted to film actor G. Krishna at Jubilee Hills here to set up Padmalaya film studio
after finding prima facie that this part of the land was used for "other purposes" i.e.
sale to others.
Tehsildar of Shaikhpet G. Venkateswarlu resumed the land after serving a show-

cause notice on the studio management amid heavy police bandobust.
Mr. Krishna is a former Congress MP while his brother G. Adiseshagiri Rao is serving
as chairman of the Andhra Pradesh Film, Television & Theatre Development
Corporation.
The tehsildar said the land was allotted to Pamalaya in 1983 at Rs. 8,500 per acre,
with the stipulation that he should use the land "only for development and
promotion of film industry" by setting up studio. However, 5.5 acres of land was
found to have been sold to two different parties in February 2006...

Jagjeevan Nagar Letters

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Jagjeevan Nagar Letters

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

ADDRESSES OF BOLLYWOOD STARS STARS

Sea Cliff, 1st Floor, Gandhigram Road, Juhu, Mumbai

Akshaye 13/C Lipallazo, Little Gibbs Road, Malabar Hills,

203 A Wing, Benzer, Lokhandwala Complex, Andheri (W),

Vardhan, Plot No. 45, 11th Road, Juhu Scheme, Mumbai

31 Shringar, Presidency Society, 7th Road, JVPD Scheme,

402 Marina, Juhu Tara Road, Juhu Beach, Mumbai 400

3 Galaxy Apts., B.J. Road, Band Stand, Bandra, Mumbai

Kohinoor Apartments, 503 Yari Road, Versova, Andheri,

Chandrachur 6th Floor, Oakland Park, Off Lokhandwala Complex,

34/B, Palli Hill, Nargis Dutt Road, Bandra (W), Mumbai

501/601 Woodstock, J.P. Road, 7 Bungalows, Versova,

14-A Queens Apts., Pali Hill, Bandra (W), Mumbai 400

B4, Beach House Apt., Gandhigram Road, Mumbai 400

Jal Kamal, Plot No 202, 23rd Road, Bandra, Mumbai 400

Karan Apts., 5th Floor, Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400

Nagarjuna 29, Kasturi Rangan Road, Alwarpet, Madras 600 018

304 Sheetal, Apna Ghar Society, Samarth Nagar, Andheri,

Puru Rajkumar 57 Worli Seaface, Worli, Mumbai 400 018

Nepathaya, Plot No. 20, Gulmohar Road, JVPD Scheme,

Bungalow No. 5, Belscot Tower, Lokhandwala Complex,

3 Galaxy Apts., B.J. Road, Band Stand, Bandra, Mumbai

58 Smt. Nargis Dutt Road, Palli Hill, Bandra, Mumbai 400

13/C Lipallazo, Little Gibbs Road, Malabar Hills,

http://groups. yahoo.com/ group/babes_ in_blue

Ramlaxmi Niwas, 19th Road, Khar, Mumbai 400

Bungalow No. 5, Belscot Tower, Lokhandwala

604 Jupiter Apts., Yari Road, Andheri (W), Mumbai

Anand Ashram, 1st Floor, Bldg. 22, Pandita Rambai

503 Godavari, Khan Pochkhawala Road, Worli,

603 B_Gazdar Apts., Near Juhu Hotel, Juhu,

Deepti 42 Ashok Apts., Gandhigram Road, Juhu, Mumbai

C-17 Nehru Nagar, Kishor Kumar Ganguly Marg,

Pratiksha 10th Road, JVPD Scheme, Mumbai 400

153 Oxford Towers, Oshiwara Complex, Andheri

14 Usha Kiran, 15 M.L. Dahanukar Marg, Mumbai

2B Excellency 1101/1201, 4th Cross Road,

Krishna Kutir, Sagarika Society, Juhu Tara Road,

Vijaydeep, 3rd Floor, Iris Park, Juhu, Mumbai 400

Mahima D/5 4th Floor, Silver View, Versova, Andher,

Manisha 302 Beachwood Towers, Yari Road, Versova,

Gokul Apartments, Thakur Complex, Kandivili,

Namrata 101 Shrinathji, 16th Cross Road, Khar (W),

H-403, Gokul Vihar II, Thakur Complex, Kandivli

601 Kyle Moore Apts., Behind Mehboob Studio,

606 Nestle-B, 4th Cross Road, Lokhandwala

Raveena Tandon House, Nippon Society, Juhu Church,

Sea Springs, Bungalow No. 2, Bandstand, Bandra,

4th Floor, Mona Apts., Breach Candy, Mumbai 400

12, Dev Darshan, 262 St. Anthony Road, Chembur,

Shilpa Venkatesh Vihar, 4th Floor, 7th Road, Khar,

Shikha 13/14 Atmanand, Saraswat Colony, Santacruz,

A/203 Paradise, Apnaghar Co-op. Hsg. Soc., 1st

Green Acres, 7 Bungalows, Lokhanda Complex,

Suman Gilder Bldg., Turner Road, Bandra, Mumbai 400

6th Floor, Beach Queen, Yari Road, Versova,

Urmila Casablanca Bldg., Versova, Andheri (E), Mumbai

Sub : Request to provide 3 additional raising Man holes, 3 man holes

So we humbly request for providing above said requirements to the above

Please take necessary action as early as possible.

Thanking you sir,

Sub : Request to provide Line Booster at Jagjeevan nagar, Miralam

So we humbly request for providing above said requirements to the above

Please take necessary action as early as possible.