1

I. THE AUTHOR From Lyric Poet to Epic Novelist: Boris Pasternak !"#$%!#&$' Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was born in Moscow on February 10, 1890, to a cultured Jewish fa ily! "is father Leonid was a #rofessor at the Moscow $chool of Paintin% and an illustrator of &olstoy's works! "is other, (osa )auf an, was an acclai ed concert #ianist! "is #ro inent Moscow writers,

#arents received fre*uent visits fro

artists, and intellectuals, includin% co #osers $er%ei (ach aninoff and +le,ander $criabin, #oet and #laywri%ht +le,ander Blok, writer +ndrei Bely, and #oet (ainer Maria (ilke, whose writin% would %reatly influence Pasternak! -hile he drew well, Pasternak's first love was botany and his second, usic! .ns#ired by $criabin, Pasternak studied co #osition for si, years, fro which three of his finished #iano #ieces have survived!

Pasternak entered the Moscow /onservatory, but dro##ed out in 1910 because he lacked confidence in his technical skill! "e entered the Law Faculty at Moscow 0niversity and later studied #hiloso#hy at Marbur% 0niversity in 1er any! 0lti ately he %ave u# his acade ic career, returnin% to (ussia in 1912 to #ursue his #oetry! "e would not

find success for another ten years! 0nable to serve in the ar y because of a fall fro hi a horse that left

with one le% shorter than the other, Pasternak s#ent -orld -ar .

workin% as a clerk at a che ical works to the far east of Moscow! Pasternak's #oetic debut was Twin in the Stormclouds 319124, #ublished by Lirika, a coo#erative #ublishin% enter#rise he for ed with a %rou# of seven fellow #oets! -hen Lirika disbanded, Pasternak briefly 5oined the Futurist %rou# &sentrifu%a, which 5ettisoned tradition in favor of innovation in style and sub5ect with #oets $er%ei Bobrov and 6ladi ir Mayakovsky! &hou%h influenced by to#ical urban, sy bolist, and futurist ele ents, Pasternak's early #oetry was distin%uished by its alliteration, rhy e, rhyth , and use of eta#hor!

"e wrote two books in 1917, My Sister Life and Themes and Variations. &he Bolshevik (evolution and -orld -ar . would delay their a##earance for five years, durin% which he translated #lays by "einrich von )leist and Ben Johnson and #oe s by the 1er an e,#ressionists! -hen it was finally #ublished in 1988, My Sister Life secured his #lace a on% the leadin% writers of the ti e! .ts lush i a%ery and idio atic lan%ua%e contrasted with its disci#lined *uatrain for ! &hat sa e year Pasternak arried +rt .nstitute student

9v%eniya Lurye and brou%ht her to Berlin to stay with his fa ily, who would relocate there #er anently! &his was the last ti e Pasternak would ever see the , as his re#eated a##lications for #er ission to visit were denied! .n 1982, the cou#le be%an their own fa ily with a son, 9v%enii! Pasternak finally #ublished Themes and Variations that sa e year! +lthou%h Pasternak initially welco ed the Bolshevik (evolution, the brutality of the new %overn ent ca e to horrify hi , a reversal acknowled%ed in his collection Aerial Ways 3198:4, which showed his %rowin% disre%ard of #olitics as a #ri ary hu an and artistic concern! 6ladi ir Lenin's new $oviet %overn ent aintained that art should

otivate #olitical chan%e while Pasternak insisted that art focus on eternal truths rather than historical or societal concerns! For his stance, he beca e a silent hero a on% (ussian intellectuals! Livin% in an overcrowded co unal flat in Moscow, he continued to write

short #oe s, but ca e to believe that #oets and artists had no assured #lace in society and could only live as outsiders! ;urin% the 1980s his #oetry turned fro the lyric to narrative and e#ic for s,

addressin% the 190< (ussian (evolution in Sublime Malady 3198:4, Lieutenant Schmidt 319874, and The Year 190 319874!

.n 198: Lenin died and the stru%%le for succession ensued! .n 1988, $talin e er%ed victorious= &rotsky was driven into e,ile and one by one $talin's other rivals were eli inated! -hile the ost swee#in%

chan%es in (ussia occurred in a%riculture, which was collectivi>ed, a cla #down occurred in all fields, includin% that of literature! By 1928, the doctrine of $ocialist (ealis , the #rinci#le that the arts should %lorify the ideals of /o unis , was established! .nde#endent

artistic %rou#s were disbanded in 1928 and the new 0nion of $oviet -riters assu ed control of literary affairs, i #osin% adherence to socialist realis ! Pasternak's first foray into #rose, S!e"tors"y 319214, showed scenes fro the life of a youn% #oet, who shared the author's own historical in the face of the (evolution! -hile any

#assivity and fatalis

writers and artists beca e des#ondent and felt the te #tation to co it suicide, Pasternak believed that #oets ust continue workin%

when art and even s#iritualis this theory throu%h the

were no lon%er secure! "e e,#ressed

eta#hor of ?second birth,? the title of his

1928 #oetry collection! Pasternak has been critici>ed for self@ centeredness, a senti ent e bodied in the #o#ular sayin%, ?9verythin% chan%es under our >odiac, only Pasternak re ains

Pasternak!? -hile he was not oblivious to the terror %oin% on around hi , he was resistant to its i #act on his work, ho#in% to create so ethin% transcendent! &he love #oe s in Second #irth also addressed a chan%e in Pasternak's #ersonal lifeA he had fallen for Binaida Cei%au>, wife of co #oser 1enrikh Cei%au>! "e would eventually leave 9v%eniya and take Binaida as his second wife! -hile these #oe s e,#ressed a newfound o#ti is his artistic and reconciliation of lyrical and social ele ents, was short@lived! Second #irth and his

rebirth

autobio%ra#hy Safe $onduct 319214 were Pasternak's last ori%inal works before the state forbade hi contrary to the ai s of /o to #ublish, considerin% his work

unis ! Pasternak resorted to translation

as a safer livelihood, takin% on classic works by Johann -olf%an% von 1oethe, (ilke, -illia $hakes#eare, and Paul 6erlaine! Both

successful and well co #ensated, he was able to buy a house in a writers' villa%e 5ust outside Moscow in 192D! .t would be his #rinci#al ho e for the rest of his life! .n the late 19:0s he also translated the a5or tra%edies of $hakes#eare, and these re ain the standard versions used in (ussia! ;urin% -orld -ar .., as "itler's troo#s arched into (ussia,

Pasternak #ublished two new #oetry collections, %n &arly 319:84 and The Terrestrial &'!anse 319:<4! .n 19:< Binaida's son, +drian, died, a loss that left her bereft and 5oyless! &he followin% year Pasternak fell in love with El%a .vinskaya, who fro then on was Pasternak's de

facto wife, thou%h he still shared a ho e with Binaida! El%a ins#ired his later love #oe s and served as a #rototy#e for Lara in (octor )hi*a+o. Pasternak was one of the rare #oets to be #o#ular durin% his lifeti e! .f he for%ot a line in one of his #oe s durin% a readin%, the crowd would assist hi ! ;urin% the war, letters he received fro line re inded hi the front

of the reach that his voice had! "e did not want to asses so Pasternak be%an a lar%e novel

lose this contact with the

that %lorified freedo , inde#endence, and a return to /hristian reli%ion that would beco e (r. )hi*a+o. Basin% the story on his own e,#erience of warti e and revolution, Pasternak e #loyed Furi Bhiva%o as a outh#iece for his own #hiloso#hical and artistic

beliefs! "e #resented Bhiva%o's inability to influence his own fate not as a fault, but as a si%n that he was destined to beco e an artistic witness to the tra%edy of his a%e! &he author closely identified Bhiva%o's #redica ent with that of the sufferin% /hrist!

&he %overn ent's #ostwar ideolo%ical cla #down forced Pasternak to labor on the anuscri#t in secret! (e5ected in (ussia, (octor

)hi*a+o was s u%%led west in 19<7 and #ublished first in .talian and then in 9n%lish in 19<8! &he e#ic novel about the life and loves of #hysician and #oet Furi Bhiva%o durin% the #olitical u#heavals of 80th@century (ussia was acclai ed as a successful co bination of lyrical, descri#tive, and e#ic dra atic styles! &he book, which concludes with a cycle of Bhiva%o's #oetry, was translated into 18 lan%ua%es! .n Ectober 19<8, Pasternak was awarded the Cobel Pri>e in Literature, ?for his i #ortant achieve ent both in conte #orary lyrical #oetry and in the field of the %reat (ussian e#ic tradition!? (ussian authorities, unha##y with his harsh de#iction of life under /o fro unis , forced hi to decline the Cobel Pri>e and e5ected hi

the 0nion of $oviet -riters! -hile he was not sent into e,ile or

arrested, all #ublication of his translations ca e to a halt and he fell into #overty! "e wrote his last co #lete book, When the Weather $lears, in 19<9! &hat su er, he be%an The #lind #eauty, a #lay in (ussia, but

about an enslaved artist durin% the #eriod of serfdo

fell ill with lun% cancer before he could co #lete it! Pasternak took to his bed in his ho e at Peredelkino, where he succu bed the evenin%

of May 20, 19D0! 0#on hearin% of his death, #eo#le traveled fro

any thousands of

Moscow to his funeral! For the (ussian #eo#le,

he re ains a sy bol of resistance in the face of terror and o##ression! .n 1988, the 0nion of $oviet -riters #osthu ously reinstated Pasternak, akin% the #ublication of (octor )hi*a+o in the $oviet

0nion finally #ossible! Pasternak's son, 9v%enii, acce#ted the Cobel Pri>e 1989! edal on his father's behalf at a cere ony in $tockhol in

$u

ary
ari>e! &he central fi%ure,

&his e,#ansive novel is difficult to su

;octor Furii +ndreievich Bhiva%o 3Fura4, is introduced when he is ten, at the death of his other! "e falls in love with &onia and they have a to serve as a edic in the war! &here he runs

child! Fura leaves the

into Larisa Feodorovna 1uishar 3Lara4! +s a youn% %irl, Lara was seduced by )o arovsky! .n her %uilt and an%er she shot at hi issed! $he subse*uently and

arried her childhood sweetheart, Pavel

Pavlovich 3Pasha, +nti#ov4, who beca e disenchanted with her and enlisted in the ar y! "is %rou# was cut off behind ene y lines and Lara beca e a nurse in order to look for hi ! "e is #resu ed dead, but is actually a #risoner of the 1er ans! Lara and Fura feel attracted to one another, but do not e,#ress it!

+s the war ends, Fura returns ho e to Moscow, and to his old 5ob at the hos#ital, but his co@workers are sus#icious of hi ! .nfluenced by Bolshevis , they dislike his use of intuition instead of lo%ic! &he fa ily resolves to travel to the 0rals! Mar,ist rebellions are breakin% out and Fura's fa ily ust fi%ht for roo in a car%o train! &he lon%

train ride %ives Fura ti e for reflection! "e is dee#ly connected to his #hysical surroundin%s! "e sees the sufferin% #easants and #risoners caused by the (ussian revolution! Fura shares the #eriod's desire for e*uality and freedo , but is disenchanted by the revolutionaries' #edantic, unthinkin% o#inions!

&he fa ily safely arrives in the 0rals and set u# a far ! Fura takes ti e durin% the lon% winters to return to writin% #oetry! -hile visitin% the local library, he re@encounters Lara! &hey be%in an affair, sharin% a co on 5oy in a fully@lived e,istence! Fura resolves to tell his wife

about his unfaithfulness and to ask for%iveness but as he rides ho e, he is kidna##ed by a %rou# of rebels fi%htin% in the (ussian civil war and forced to serve as their doctor! "e stays with the for any

years then one day esca#es, and walks back to where he stayed with Lara! Lara still lives there! $he has discovered that her husband was not killed, but has returned fro #seudony , $trelnikov! "e is a the #rison ca # and taken a a5or fi%ure in the new, e battled

%overn ent! &hou%h briefly stationed in Lara's town, he does not visit her or his dau%hter, resolvin% to finish the task he has set hi self first!

Lara and Fura live to%ether but find out that they are sus#ected by the villa%ers! &hey flee to the far house where Fura and his fa ily

once lived! +%ain, Fura turns to his #oetry, e,#ressin% his fears, coura%e and love for Lara! Ene ni%ht, Lara's old lover, )o arovsky, a##ears! "e tells the that the triu #hant revolutionaries know both! "e offers to take

where they are and will inevitably kill the the

abroad! Fura could re5oin his fa ily! Fura does not want to leave

Lara and he lon%s to see his fa ily, but he refuses to acce#t hel# fro )o arovsky! &o save Lara's life, thou%h, he tells Lara that he will

follow her and )o arovsky, but re ains behind! +lone, he turns to drink!

Ene ni%ht Lara's husband, Pasha, who is fleein% the new %overn ent, arrives! -hen he learns how uch Fura and Lara love

one another, Pasha leaves the house and shoots hi self! Fura then %oes to Moscow where he beco es a writer of literary booklets! "is brother finds hi a 5ob at a hos#ital, but as he takes the trolley for his her travels, wanders

first day at work, he dies! Lara, returned fro

accidentally into the house where his body lies in state, waitin% for

burial! $he is crushed, but hel#s his brother co #ile Fura's writin%! Lara asks Fura's half@brother, a lawyer, if there is any way to track the location of a child %iven away to stran%ers! $he stays for several days and then disa##ears, likely dyin% in a concentration ca #! Fears later, Misha and Cicky are fi%htin% in -orld -ar .. and encounter a laundry@%irl, &anya, who tells the her life story! &hey deter ine that

she is the dau%hter of Lara and Fura!

/ha#ter 1A &he Five E'/lock 9,#ress

()mmary
+s a funeral #rocession #asses, #eo#le sto# to ask who is bein% buried! &hey are told that the coffin belon%s to Maria Cikolaievna Bhiva%o! &he coffin is closed, nailed, and lowered into the %round, and as the the ourners throw soil onto it, a youn% boy crawls on to# of

ound! &he boy, the dead wo an's son, covers his face and

bursts into sobs! "is uncle, Cikolai Cikolaievich 6edenia#in 3)olya4, co es to lead hi away! &hat ni%ht it %rows very cold and the boy,

Fura, is woken by a knockin% at the window and looks outside to see nothin% but snow! "e worries that his other will sink dee#er and

dee#er into the %round, and he starts to cry a%ain! "is uncle co es to co fort hi and as it %rows li%ht, they dress for their train 5ourney to

a #rovincial town on the 6ol%a!

-hile his the

other was alive, Fura did not know that his father had left

and s#ent the fa ily's fortune= he was always told that his father other develo#ed consu #tion

was away on business! -hen his

3tuberculosis4, they traveled to France and .taly, where he was left with stran%ers and #assed fro house to house! "e re e bers a

ti e in his early childhood when

any #laces were na ed after his

fa ily, but then everythin% vanished and they beca e #oor! .n 1902, two years after his other's death, Fura drives across the

fields in an o#en carria%e with his 0ncle )olya and Pavel, a handy an, on his second visit to ;u#lyanka, an art #atron's estate! &hey are %oin% to eet with .van .vanovich 6oskoboynikov, a teacher

and writer of te,tbooks, who lives there! )olya asks Pavel about the land and the situation of the #easants as he reads 6oskoboynikov's anuscri#t about the land *uestion! )olya re inds Fura of his other, so he likes bein% with hi ! "e also looks forward to seein% Cicky ;udorov, a schoolboy who lives at ;u#lyanka! "e %oes to look for Cicky as his uncle eets with .van, but he finds hi self wanderin% ore and ore de#ressed! "e

throu%h the %ardens and beco es #rays and calls out to his to his uncle callin% hi

other, faintin% fro

the e otion! "e wakes

and re e bers that he has not #rayed for his

issin% father but decides that his father can wait! .n a second@class co #art ent of a train, Misha 1ordon, an 11@year@ old Jewish boy, is travelin% with his father to Moscow, where his other and sisters are #re#arin% an a#art ent! En the way, a co an

its suicide, and the train is delayed! Misha is shaken by the

an's death, es#ecially since the

an had co e several ti es to

their co #art ent to s#eak to his father about bankru#tcy law! Misha's father e,#lains that the an was a well@known illionaire

na ed Bhiva%o! "is father then showered Misha with #resents, the last of which was a wooden bo, of inerals fro the 0rals!

/ha#ter 8A + 1irl fro

()mmary

a ;ifferent -orld

+ alia )arlovna 1uishar, the (ussian@French widow of a Bel%ian en%ineer, arrives in Moscow with her two children, (odion3(odia4 and Larissa 3Lara4! Larissa attends the sa e %irls' hi%h school as Cadia )olo%ri%ova! -ith oney left by her husband, and on the advice of a

lawyer na ed )o arovsky, + alia buys a dress akin% sho# with an ad5oinin% a#art ent!

Lara has a fully for ed fi%ure at 1D, and she is %raceful and beautiful! $he does well at school, otivated by the fact that the best students

#ay reduced fees! $he is aware of )o arovsky lookin% at her stran%ely, and when her other is ill he takes Lara to a dance in her

#lace! &hey dance a walt>, and he kisses the youn% %irl!

.n the autu n there is unrest a on% the railway workers! )u#rik &iver>in, one in a lon% line of railway workers, sees the fore an )hudoleyev hittin% his a##rentice Fusu#ka and tries to #rotect the boy! + fi%ht nearly ensues, but both en are restrained! +n%rily,

&iver>in stor s out and %oes to blow the horn of the en%ine re#air sho#, startin% a strike! "e %oes ho e and Fusu#ka's father tells hi he should s#end the ni%ht so ewhere else to evade the #olice! "is other, Marfa 1avrilovna, tells hi that the c>ar has si%ned a

anifesto chan%in% the society for the better! Pasha +nti#ov, whose father was arrested in the strike, co es to live with the &iver>ins! "e and Marfa 1avrilovna 5oin the %eneral de onstrations, and the strikers are attacked by ar y dra%oons= one of the strikes Marfa

with a whi# but does not in5ure her! Cikolai Cikolaievich 3)olya4, recently arrived fro Petersbur%, sees the de onstration fro his

window! "e is stayin% with his friends the $ventitskys! "e is asked to s#eak on behalf of #olitical #risoners at a school, and he reluctantly a%rees! )o arovsky lives in a lar%e a#art ent in the Petrovka section of Moscow, and on $unday ornin%s, he walks his do%! "e reali>es he

is in dan%er of beco in% obsessed with youn% Lara! Lara is at first

flattered by his secret ro antic insinuations, but they also horrify her! +sha ed and confused, she %oes to church for co fort, althou%h she is not reli%ious! Meanwhile, the Presnya 0#risin% be%ins and Lara knows two boys, Cicky ;udorov and Pasha +nti#ov, who are connected with it! Fearin% that their house fa ily co su i%ht be shelled, her

oves back to the Montene%ro "otel! &here, + alia tries to it suicide by in%estin% iodine! + doctor, &ishkevich, is oned fro a concert hosted by +le,ander +le,androvich and

Cikolai +le,androvich 1ro eko, two brothers= Misha 1ordon and Fura are in attendance there, and they ask to co e alon%! -aitin% for the doctor to e er%e, they see Lara and )o arovsky e,chan%in% a fa iliar %lance! +s they are leavin%, Misha tells Fura that )o arovsky is the lawyer fro death! the train@@the an who caused the elder Bhiva%o's

/ha#ter 2A &he $ventitskysG /hrist as Party

()mmary
Fura decides to study edicine= in his s#are ti e he writes #oetry!

"is uncle )olya is now livin% in Lausanne, $wit>erland! Ene day, Fura co es ho e late fro the university and hears that +nna

1ro eko, who has been ill with a #ul onary infla

ation, has sent

for hi ! "e tells her not to fear death, and her condition i #roves the ne,t day! Later, she tells hi he should arry her dau%hter &onia!

Lara decisively writes to her friend Cadia )olo%ri%ova that she wants to ove away fro her other and )o arovsky and work as a

teacher, and Cadia invites her to beco e %overness to her little sister Li#a! +fter three years Lara's brother (odia co es to her sayin% that he has %a bled away oney eant for a farewell %ift to the head of

the +cade y, and he needs seven hundred rubles to #ay it back= he asks her to %o to )o arovsky for it! .nstead she %ets the oney fro

)olo%ri%ov, her e #loyer! $he does not have to #ay it back because she is re%arded as a e ber of the fa ily, but she would have oney to

secretly done so if not for the e,#enses she incurs by %ivin%

Pasha +nti#ov's #arents! $he and Pasha are in love and want to arry! -hen Li#a %raduates and leaves ho e, Lara is invited to stay on at the house but she decides to start anew with oney fro

)o arovsky! $he %oes to his ho e with a loaded revolver, #lannin% to shoot hi if he refuses! $he is told that he is at a /hrist as #arty! that they ust arry

$he sto#s at Pasha's house and tells hi

ediately but will not tell hi

what is worryin% her!

Fura and &onia arrive late to the $ventitskys' /hrist as #arty! Lara hides in the ballroo ele%ant youn% is the an who watchin% )o arovsky! $he dances with an

an na ed )oka, but then she reali>es that his father ade a fanatical s#eech while #rosecutin% a %rou# of ornin%, Fura

railway strikers, includin% &iver>in! +t around two in the

and the other %uests hear a shot rin% out! /haos ensues, and )ornakov, )oka's father, e er%es sayin% he has been attacked but is unin5ured! Fura looks at the wo an 3Lara4 who did the shootin% and reali>es that he is lookin% at the sa e %irl that he saw years a%o! "e receives a essa%e fro ho e, co andin% hi to co e at once!

-hen he and &onia arrive, +nna is already dead! $he is buried in the sa e churchyard as Fura's other!

/ha#ter :A &he "our of the .nevitable

()mmary
+s Lara lays half@conscious on the $ventitskys' bed, )o arovsky an%rily #aces back and forth! "e is disturbed by the %irl's actions, but, at the sa e ti e, he is bothered by his own re ainin% attraction toward her! "e decides to rent a roo for her and takes her there still

sick with brain fever!

&he owner of the a#art ent, (uffina Enissi ovna, takes an i ediate dislikin% to Lara! )o arovsky leaves her alone, but ends a different a#art ent to

)olo%ri%ov co es to visit and reco

her! "e %ives her ten thousand rubles as a bonus for Li#a's %raduation, thou%h Lara is reluctant to take it! $he rents the a#art ent he reco ended! Pasha and Lara decide to arry at

once! Cine days later, they receive their e,a

results and are offered

5obs teachin% in Furyatin, the town in the 0ral Mountains where Lara was born! Lara %ives birth to a dau%hter, )atya! + few years later, Pasha decides to enlist in the ar y, reali>in% that Lara does not love hi so uch as she en5oys the lifestyle he si%nifies! -hen she sto#s Pasha, she %oes on a ission to find hi ! $he

receivin% letters fro

leaves )atya with Li#a in Moscow and %ets a 5ob as a nurse on a hos#ital train headed for Liski, the last address fro sent letters! Fura, now called Furii, waits for news of his wife outside the %ynecolo%ical ward of a hos#ital! "e is not allowed to see her, even after she %ives birth to a little boy! Furii is soon assi%ned to a villa%e which Pasha

hos#ital durin% the war! Misha 1ordon decides to visit Furii Bhiva%o! Furii shows hi caused by the terrible results of the war and the sufferin% ethods of fi%htin%! Furii tells Misha that the

odern

edical unit is bein% forced to evacuate, and durin% the ni%ht, they hear %unfire! +s he is escortin% Misha to the first evacuation #arty, he is knocked unconscious by an e,#losion! +s Furii is recoverin% in the officers' ward with Fusu#ka 1aliullin, he sees Lara@@who is now a nurse@@co e in and he reco%ni>es her! 1aliullin tells Lara that he knew her husband, and she asks how he died! "e lies, sayin% he was taken #risoner! Lara is intri%ued by Furii, who is %ruff to her, but decides that there is no ho#e left for Pasha and that her duty is to return to her dau%hter and her 5ob! +s she is conte #latin% the #assin% of ti e, #atients run in shoutin% that the revolution has broken out in Petersbur%!

/ha#ter <A Farewell to the Eld

()mmary
&he hos#ital is evacuated to a s all town called Melyu>eyevo! Cear it rests another town, Babushino, which beca e an inde#endent re#ublic for two weeks, #artly on the stren%th of a story that the

leader's assistant was a deaf@ ute who had the %ift of s#eech only in s#ecial circu stances! Bhiva%o, +nti#ova 3Lara4, and 1aliullin are all stationed there! Furii and Lara find the selves workin% to%ether *uite often! Furii writes to his wife, &onia, sayin% that he day and ay be ho e any

entionin% that he has been workin% with +nti#ova! "e tells the $ventitskys' /hrist as #arty and

&onia that she is the %irl fro

the iodine #oisonin% incident! $he writes back that he should leave her and arry +nti#ova and that she will raise their son accordin% to

sound #rinci#les! Bhiva%o hurriedly re#lies that she is cra>y to think such a thin% and that he has no ro antic interest in Lara! "e decides to s#eak to Lara to ensure that he is not sendin% any false i #ressions!

Furii finds out that the town

ayor is #lannin% to send a /ossack

re%i ent to attack rebels hidin% in the forest! "e %oes to see Lara but decides not to disturb her! "e %oes to a eetin% in the town s*uare the estate, discussin%

and hears 0stinya, one of the servants fro

the *uestion of a deaf@ ute who suddenly be%an to s#eak! &he ne,t evenin%, he sees Lara ironin%! $he tells hi that she is %oin% back to

the 0rals! "e says that he wants to talk to her without bein%

sus#ected of ulterior

otives and tells her about his wife and son! "e

says that Lara's eyes show her to be wanderin% in an enchanted world, and he wants so eone to co e and tell hi that he does not

have to worry about her, but if that were to ha##en, he would knock the an down! "e a#olo%i>es, sensin% that he has overste##ed a to %et a drink of water and then return as as! + week later, she leaves! &he ni%ht

boundary! Lara be%s hi the

an she used to know hi

before Bhiva%o sets out for Moscow there is a stor , and Made oiselle Fleury, a servant, hears a knock at the door! $he is afraid to answer it alone, so Bhiva%o %oes with her! &hey find that it is only the stor , but they both i a%ine Lara co in% in, soaked fro the rain! +t Biryuchi $tation, /o issar 1int> is atte #tin% to defend hi self a%ainst the %rou# of /ossacks sent by the and a forei%n surna e, so they accuse hi ayor! "e has an accent of bein% a 1er an s#y! en withdraw

"e cli bs u# onto a water@barrel to s#eak, and the their rifles! "e falls into the water, and the fired, killin% hi !

en lau%h! &hen, a shot is

Furii takes a secret train to Moscow! En the second #art of his 5ourney, Furii sees a fair@haired youth who has been out shootin%!

&he youth s#eaks stran%ely, althou%h he is clearly a native (ussian s#eaker, and Furii notices that he will not talk in the dark! &he ne,t day, he is further confused by the youth's stran%e conversational habits, and he does not understand i ediately when the youth says

he was ke#t out of the ar y by a #hysical defect! &he youth shows hi a card showin% the anual al#habet and e,#lains he was the

star #u#il at a school for the deaf! Bhiva%o asks if he had anythin% to do with the %overn ent of Babushino and he answers yes!

/ha#ter DA &he Moscow 9nca # ent

()mmary
Bhiva%o arrives in $ olensky $*uare in Moscow and is %reeted war ly by &onia! $he tells hi that everyone is well and that they

have %iven u# so e of the roo s to the a%ricultural colle%e! Bhiva%o says that he is #leased they are livin% in a s aller s#ace, since the rich always had too back fro any roo s! $he tells hi that 0ncle )olya is

$wit>erland, and Furii is an,ious to see hi ! Furii %oes in he has not seen since he was an infant, but

to %reet his son, who $asha is afraid of hi !

&he fa ily invites old friends for dinner! &hey eat the duck %iven to Bhiva%o by the deaf youth, reali>in% that such a feast is now a rarity in Moscow! Bhiva%o is frustrated by his friends' chan%ed de eanors, feelin% that the revolution has stri##ed the rich of their individuality! Furii takes a 5ob at the "os#ital of the "oly /ross, where he worked before the war! "e is in char%e of statistics, as well as #atient care! &he fa ily settles in three roo s on the to# floor of their a#art ent! Ene day, )olya races in, sayin% that there is fi%htin% in the streets! Later, $asha beco es ill with crou# 3laryn%itis4, and they cannot obtain ilk or soda water to cure hi because of the fi%htin%! .t is not ust iss work! Ene evenin% in and reads a news#a#er

safe to leave the house, and Furii

Ectober, Furii walks out durin% a snowstor

declarin% that the $oviet #ower has taken over (ussia! -inter co es, and it is a dark, cold, hun%ry season! &here are new elections all the ti e, and any chan%es at the hos#ital, which is now

called the $econd (efor ed! &here are food shorta%es, and &onia learns to bake bread to sell! ;es#erate for wood, &onia e,chan%es the cabinet for a load of birch! Furii is called out for an a##oint ent at a household offerin% stockin%s or co%nac as #ay ent! "e dia%noses ty#hus and has the wo an ad itted to a hos#ital! &he tenants of the

buildin% where she lives are en%a%ed in a to see a e ber of the house co

eetin%, and Bhiva%o asks her of the ty#hus!

ittee to infor

"e is sur#rised to see Fati a 1aliullina and asks if she is indeed 1aliullin's other! $he asks to s#eak to hi outside and be%s hi not

to reveal her identity, since 1aliullin has taken the ?wron% road,? and she takes hi .n the co in% to Lara's old friend Elya ;e ina to ask for a cab! onths, the Bhiva%os are close to starvation! Furii is in

constant fear of contractin% ty#hus, and one day he colla#ses on the road! "e is delirious for two weeks, and durin% that ti e, he drea s he is bein% fed white bread and su%ar! -hen he recovers, he is told that they really did e,ist and were brou%ht by his half@brother 9v%raf, who worshi#s everythin% Bhiva%o writes! .n +#ril, the fa ily sets out for the old 6arykino estate in the 0rals!

/ha#ter 7A &rain to the 0rals

()mmary
Furii is a%ainst ovin% to 6arykino, but he %oes to the train station to

find out about travel! "e is told that trains are very rare and that to catch one he and his fa ily very unco fortable and ust co e every day to wait! &he train is oves very slowly, but the Bhiva%os are

lucky to have a corner all to the selves! &here are several ar y conscri#ts in their coach, and they hear the youn% en's stories! Ene

of the boys is 6assya Brykin, a 1D@year@old iron on%er's a##rentice! &hey invite a coo#erativist, )ostoyed, to dinner, and Furii e,clai s to hi that the countryside looks like it re ains in %ood condition! that <0 iles fro the railroad there are #easant

)ostoyed tells hi

revolts and thin%s are no better in the villa%es!

+s they leave central (ussia, the trains are searched by security #atrols! Ene ni%ht, the train sto#s but no one enters, so Furii %oes out to investi%ate! "e is told that the driver does not want to %o on because they are a##roachin% a dan%erous stretch that should first be ins#ected by trolley! &he train oves on, but the ne,t day they

reach a station that has been burned to the %round and they are told that they will have to wait a few days for the line to be cleared! &he driver volunteers the labor conscri#ts and other #assen%ers to do the shovelin%! &he clearin% takes three days, and, to Bhiva%o, this ti e is

the best of the 5ourney! &hey head off a%ain! Ene day, &onya tells Furii that so e of the conscri#ts, includin% 6assya, have esca#ed! &he train reaches Furiatin, and Bhiva%o is re inded of +nna and Lara! "e eets $trelnikov 3 eanin% the $hooter4, a #olitical

e,tre ist! &hey %o to his roo , and $trelnikov asks Furii why he is leavin% Moscow for an out@of@the@way #lace! "e lau%hs at Bhiva%o and s#eaks to hi in threatenin% tones! &heir conversation is

interru#ted when the #hone rin%s! &he #hone conversation is about a schoolboy in5ured tryin% to rebel a%ainst the (ed +r y, and $trelnikov uses to hi self that the boy could have been one of his students once= he also wonders whether his wife and dau%hter waitin% for hi in Furiatin so ewhere! i%ht still be

/ha#ter 8A +rrival
()mmary
Furii reali>es that life in the 0rals is very different fro life in Moscow!

9veryone see s to know each other at the station! "e is %reeted by &onia, who tells hi that at first they were very worried when he was

escorted to $trelnikov's roo , but then they were told what was ha##enin%!

Back in his own carria%e, Furii converses with a Bolshevik na ed $a deviatov! "e Bolshevik tells hi entions his #lan to live off the land, and the that he is thinkin% naively! Furii tells &onya that he

has a sense of forebodin%! &hey are the only #assen%ers to %et out at &orfianaya! 1ro eko s#eaks to the station aster about their #lan to %o to 6arykino, and the of a an %uesses that &onia is the %randdau%hter

an na ed .van 9rnestovich )rue%er! "e warns her not to tell

anyone of her association with the for er landowner! &he Bhiva%os ride out to 6arykino in a horse@drawn carria%e! &hey %o to eet the Mikulitsyns, who are shocked that the Bhiva%os have

chosen to settle in 6arykino of all #laces! Mikulitsyn dis#ara%in%ly i #lies that they are related to )rue%er! Finally, he relents and offers the Bhiva%os a roo ! &he Bhiva%os are a a>ed to discover that the Mikulitsyns have real su%ar and tea! Mikulitsyn be%ins to discuss #hysics! -hen Bhiva%o asks how he knows so uch about the arried to

sub5ect, he says that he had a very %ood teacher who was another teacher but went off to fi%ht in the war!

/ha#ter 9A 6arykino
()mmary
Furii be%ins to kee# a diary in which he reflects on his fa ily's new lifestyle in 6arykino! "e is aware that they are stealin% fro the state

by workin% the land ille%ally, and he believes that their relationshi# to )rue%er is no e,cuse! Mikulitsyn #rotects the , alon% with the revolutionary $a deviatov! &hey avoid doctor, but #eo#le still co e fro entionin% that Furii is a

iles away for treat ent! &hey

have a %ood #otato harvest and s#end ti e readin% classics of literature, es#ecially Pushkin's e#ic #oe &*+eny %ne+in.

.n the s#rin%, Furii co es to believe that &onia is #re%nant! Furii's health be%ins to worsen and he feels it is the first si%n of hereditary heart disease! Furii %oes to the nearby town of Furiatin to visit the #ublic library! .n the readin% roo , Furii reco%ni>es Lara +nti#ova! "is first i #ulse is to s#eak to her, but he feels unusually ti id! "e %oes on readin%, and when he looks u# she is %one! "e looks at the books on Mar,is she 5ust returned and sees her address on an order sli#!

-alkin% ho e, he suddenly decides to visit her! Furii finds Lara fillin% a bucket of water at a well! $he tells hi that

she knows he has been in the district for why he has co e! $he also tells hi roo ! "e tells her about his tri# fro

ore than a year and asks in the readin% entionin% his

that she saw hi Moscow, even

eetin% with $trelnikov, who is ru ored to be her husband! Furii says he is destined to co e to a bad end! Lara tells hi that she knows

Pasha is usin% the na e $trelnikov and that he ordered an attack on Furiatin without ever co in% to investi%ate whether she and )atya were still alive= she con5ectures also that Pasha ay have so ehow

hel#ed her %et her a#art ent! "e is now in $iberia fi%htin% 1aliullin! &hey talk further about $trelnikov, and Furii calls ho e to tell his fa ily that he is s#endin% the ni%ht in Furiatin and stayin% at $a deviatov's inn, thou%h he really slee#s at Lara's a#art ent! &wo onths later, Bhiva%o conte #lates the lies he has been tellin%

at ho e! "e has started to call Lara by her first na e and address her infor ally! "is %uilty conscience wei%hs heavily on hi ! "e decides to tell &onia everythin% and end his relationshi# with Lara! "e already told Lara this and she cried but told hi not to worry! "e

suddenly decides that there is no hurry and that, althou%h he will confess all to &onia eventually, for now he can %o back to finish his conversation with Lara! "e is ea%er to see her a%ain! En his way to

see her, he is halted by three horse en and told that he is bein% conscri#ted as a edical officer in their ilitary unit, and if he

disa%rees, he will be shot! Ene of the

en works for Mikulitsyn's son!

/ha#ters 10@11A &he "i%hway and the Forest Brotherhood

()mmary
&he oldest hi%hway in $iberia, an ancient ail road, connects

hundreds of villa%es and their inhabitants! )hodatskoye is a town established at the crossroads of this hi%hway and the railroad! Political #risoners are allowed to settle here after co #letin% their ter s of hard labor as ?free e,iles,? eanin% they are no lon%er

#risoners but cannot return to -estern (ussia! &he $oviets have been overthrown here, and +d iral )olchak, leader of the -hites, is in co and! +lon% the road, the (ed #artisans, includin% Liberius eetin%! .n

Mikulitsyn, &iver>in, and Pasha's father, +nti#ov, are

another town, the new conscri#ts in the -hite +r y are takin% #art in a farewell #arty!

Furii has been servin% as a conscri#ted

edical officer in the #artisan

ar y for two years! "e has tried to esca#e three ti es but has been ca#tured each ti e! Liberius likes his co #any and akes hi slee#

in his tent, which annoys Furii! &hey are constantly

ovin% east, ust

tryin% to drive )olchak out of -estern $iberia, but they often flee fro +s a the -hites!

edical officer, Furii is forbidden by international convention to

take #art in the fi%htin%, but on two occasions he is forced to break this rule! "e has no rifle, but when a tele#honist is struck down he takes his rifle and fires! "e looks at the body of a -hite %uards an he killed and does not understand why he shot hi ! "e sees that the boy is still alive, havin% only fainted, and dresses hi tele#honist's clothes and nurses hi in the

back to health, releasin% hi

afterward to %o back to )olchak's ar y! Furii is sent to see a #atient na ed Palykh Pa #hil, who has been sufferin% fro inso nia and headaches! En his way, he is overco e

with fati%ue and lies down on the %rass! "e hears #eo#le ne%otiatin% with envoys fro the ene y side! &hey are #lannin% to hand Liberius

over to the ene y! Furii wants to tell so eone, but he does not have the o##ortunity, and later that day the cons#iracy is uncovered and

the #lotters sei>ed! Furii walks on to Pa #hil's tent! Pa #hil is #re#arin% for a visit fro his fa ily, and he cannot slee# because he

fears what the -hite +r y will do to his wife and children! "e tells Furii that he has been thinkin% about a an he killedA &he youn% an

had cli bed u# onto a water@barrel to shout slo%ans, and they had all lau%hed when he fell into the water, but Pa #hil shot hi ! Furii asks hi if he was stationed in Melyu>eyevo, thinkin% that he was the an

who killed /o issar 1int>!

/ha#ter 18A &he (owan &ree

()mmary
&he #artisans' fa ilies arrive, includin% Pa #hil's wife and children! + soldier's wife na ed )ubarikha also a##ears! $he is a cattle@healer and a witch! &he new ca # is surrounded by dense tai%a, and Furii has ore ti e to e,#lore their natural environ ent! 9leven

rin%leaders of a cons#iracy are brou%ht to an o#en s#ace to be e,ecuted! &hey #lead for for%iveness but are all shot!

Furii %oes to see Pa #hil and his fa ily! Pa #hil is very devoted to his children and carves wooden ani als for the with the blade of an

a,! -hen he hears that the fa ilies

ay be sent to a different ca #, an

however, his s#irits fall a%ain! Meanwhile the -hites advance! + with an a #utated ar

and le% crawls back into the ca #! "is that the an and,

a #utated li bs have been tied to his back! "e warns the -hites are #lannin% a sur#rise attack! Pa #hil sees the

fearin% that his wife and children are to be tortured the sa e way, he kills the fro Furii with his own a,! "e does not kill hi self, but he disa##ears

the ca #! eets Liberius and asks hi if there is any news fro 6arykino!

"e learns that )olchak's ar y has been crushed and is retreatin% to the east! Furii asks about Furiatin, and he is told that there are ru ors that the -hites still hold the city! Furii i a%ines his fa ily tryin% to survive without hi ! "e walks outside into the snow and sees a rowan tree! "e i a%ines the tree is Lara and #ulls it toward hi !

/ha#ter 12A E##osite the "ouse of $cul#tures

()mmary
Furii, a%ed and scra%%ly lookin%, arrives in the center of Furiatin, where the -hites have been chased out by the (eds! "e walks to

Lara's a#art ent and sees that the windows are no lon%er whitewashed! "e %oes to her door and finds a note addressed to hi ! .n it, Lara notifies hi that she has taken )atya to 6arykino to eet

hi ! "e feels ha##iness at hearin% that she is alive and nearby but takes her tri# to 6arykino as a si%n that his fa ily is no lon%er there!

Furii %oes for a haircut and encounters a wo an he thinks he re e bers! "e finally re e bers that she is the sister@in@law of Mikulitsyn and Liberius's aunt! $he tells hi that everyone in 6arykino

was shot! "e asks her if she knows what ha##ened to her brother@in@ law and she says that he esca#ed fro 6arykino with his second Moscow, also

wife! +nother fa ily livin% there, stran%ers fro

esca#ed, but the wo an's husband, a doctor, is #resu ed dead! Furii sur ises that his fa ily is in Moscow! Furii stays in Lara's a#art ent for the ni%ht! "e has ni%ht ares and believes that he is ill! "e wakes u# to find Lara carin% for hi ! "e recovers fro hi he his illness under her inistrations, and then she tells

ust %o back to his fa ily in Moscow! &hey discuss the #ast, an who forced his father

and Furii tells Lara that )o arovsky is the

into ruin and suicide! $he declares that the connection brin%s the

closer to%ether! &hey also discuss $trelnikov, and Lara says that her ties to the #ast are so stron% that she would %o back to hi beca e Pasha a%ain! Furii finds work in Furiatin! "e and Lara discuss but he still feels he ovin% to 6arykino, if he

ust %o to Moscow! "is letters have received no &onia, and it says that

answer! Finally, a letter is delivered! .t is fro

she has %iven birth to a dau%hter, and she and the others are bein% de#orted fro (ussia! $he writes not knowin% whether Furii is alive

or dead, so clearly she has not received his letters! $he declares that she ho#es he will %et a se#arate visa to follow the not harbor but that she does

uch ho#e! $he also says that she knows he does not

love her and that she knows Lara is the o##osite of herself! Furii is overco e by %rief u#on reali>in% that he will never see the and he falls down unconscious! a%ain,

/ha#ter 1:A (eturn to 6arykino

()mmary
)o arovsky visits Lara, uch to their sur#rise! "e says that he wants

to s#eak to Furii that evenin% and that they and Pasha are all in %reat dan%er! Furii wants to leave before )o arovsky co es back, but

Lara throws herself at his feet and be%s hi )o arovsky, who tells hi the #ur%es! "e invites the

to stay! "e does

eet

that he is on a list of #eo#le to be killed in to %o to the Far 9ast with hi , where he

can hel# Furii to take a boat overseas! "e e,#lains the i #ortance of ineral@rich Mon%olia, and he tells Furii that once he crosses the border he will be free!

&hey do not hear fro

)o arovsky a%ain, and they decide to %o to

6arykino to hide! &hey stay at the Mikulitsyns' old house and find toys and a tobo%%an to entertain )atya with! &hey stay for two weeks, thou%h Lara hears wolves at ni%ht and, thinkin% they are soldiersG do%s, is an,ious to leave! )o arovsky a##ears a%ain, and Lara wants to take hi u# on his offer this ti e! Furii e,#lains that there is %oin%, but he wants Lara to think it over! that $trelnikov

no *uestion of hi

)o arovsky asks to s#eak to Furii alone! "e tells hi

has been ca#tured and shot and that Lara and )atya are in %reat dan%er because of their association with hi ! Furii a%rees to #retend that he will follow the to encoura%e Lara to leave with )o arovsky!

Furii decides to %o to Moscow but stays behind in the house to think of Lara! "e drinks lon% %ul#s of vodka and feels he is losin% his ind!

$a deviatov co es for his horse and #ro ises to return for Furii a few days later! + stran%er co es, and Furii is sur#rised when he sees that it is $trelnikov! "e e,#lains that any of the %oods at the house

were re*uisitioned while the (ed +r y occu#ied the east! "e also says that he knew of Bhiva%o's association with Lara, and he was understandably 5ealous! "e warns Furii to leave 6arykino i ediately

because $trelnikov is bein% #ursued and Furii has i #licated hi self by s#eakin% to hi ! "e recounts his love for Lara, sayin% that he has been #lannin% to return to her after his life's work ended! Furii tells hi that Lara loved hi not to leave! ore than anyone else in the world! Pasha

be%s hi

Furii %oes to slee# and drea s of his childhood! "e drea s that his other's watercolor fell fro the wall, and he wakes u# thinkin% he ornin%, he walks

heard a %unshot but then falls aslee# a%ain! .n the

outside and finds Pasha lyin% in the snow, havin% shot hi self!

/ha#ter 1<A /onclusion

()mmary
Furii a##ears in Moscow with a youn% boy! Both are very shy, and Furii is dressed in ra%s! Furii ade uch of his 5ourney on foot, then

co #leted it by train! .n a burnt@out villa%e he

et 6assya Brykin, the

youn% boy! &hey arrive in 1988, at the start of the Cew 9cono ic Policy #eriod, which re#resented a rollback of socialist #olicy for the sake of econo ic stability! Furii hel#s 6assya to enroll in a #rintin% and desi%n course= he su##orts hi self by writin% booklets about #hiloso#hy! "e tries to obtain either a visa to 5oin his fa ily in Paris or #olitical rehabilitation for the to return to (ussia, but his efforts fail!

6assya feels that Furii's efforts are half@hearted and loses res#ect for hi = their relationshi# %radually deteriorates! 6assya oves out of the

a#art ent they share and Bhiva%o ceases to associate with #eo#le and lives in %reat #overty!

Markel $hcha#ov, once the now the

ana%er of FuriiGs buildin% in Moscow, is

ana%er of the $ventitskys' old ho e! Furii strikes u# a

friendshi# with Markel's dau%hter Marina, and they live to%ether as husband and wife! &hey have two dau%hters! FuriiGs childhood friends, Misha 1ordon and Cicky ;udorov live nearby! +lthou%h he is not yet :0, Furii has develo#ed sclerosis of the heart! 1ordon tells Furii that he ust ake #eace with the #ast and reconcile his life with

Marina with his still e,istin% feelin%s for &onia! Furii tells Misha that he

has suddenly be%un receivin% letters fro

Paris and believes &onia

ay have found so eone else! &he ne,t day, Marina runs to Misha askin% where Furii is, and Misha does not know! Misha, Cicky, and Marina all receive letters fro Furii e,#lainin% that he is %oin% to oney to #ay for a nanny

chan%e his way of life and that he has sent

for the children while Marina %oes back to work, so that she can su##ort herself until he returns! Furii sees his half@brother 9v%raf, who #ro ises to find hi a %ood

5ob as a doctor! &here is so e delay, and Furii has ti e to write! (idin% the tra on his way to his first day at his new 5ob, he is

suddenly faint and unable to breathe= he is sei>ed by #anic! "e feels a #ain that he senses is a si%n of i inent death, and he runs

outside for fresh air but colla#ses and does not %et u# a%ain! En her way to obtain an e,it visa to return to $wit>erland, Made oiselle Fleury #asses the body without any awareness of who it belon%s to! Lara a##ears at the funeral! $he traveled fro .rkutsk to Moscow to

enroll her dau%hter in a boardin% school! $he went to the $ventitskys' house to see if Pasha's ac*uaintances still lived there and instead found ourners surroundin% FuriiGs body! 9v%raf asks her to stay to

hel# sort throu%h Furii's #a#ers= she asks whether there is any way to

trace the history of a child sent to an or#hana%e! Lara stays several days, but one day she %oes out and never co es back! "er disa##earance is ysterious, but it is likely she was ca#tured and

sent to a concentration ca #!

*ommentary
Bhiva%o %oes to Moscow because it is his ho e, and he finds that so e of his friends are still there! "e is not an old an, but his heart

is weak, and he views hi self as bein% near the end of his life! "e arries a%ain, thou%h not for ally! 6assya believes that Bhiva%o has not tried hard enou%h to be reunited with &onia= Misha su##orts this senti ent when he tells Bhiva%o that he is actin% badly toward both Marina and &onia! .t is Lara that Bhiva%o truly loves, and he has already banished her fro his life!

+fter Bhiva%o's death Lara ha##ens u#on his funeral by chance, as so uch of their relationshi# has been! .n death they see ourns hi fated to

eet, even as in life! $he

and their lost life to%ether! $he

is an%ry that he abandoned her in the way that he did! +nd thou%h Bhiva%o abandoned her in ho#es that it would brin% her safety, Lara's disa##earance destroys that ho#e! Bhiva%o's abandon ent of her

was fruitless! &he last sentence of cha#ter 1< is one of the

ost

#oi%nant sentences of the novelA Lara is ?for%otten as a na eless nu ber on a list that afterwards %ot innu erable islaid, in one of the

i,ed or wo en's concentration ca #s in the north!? .t ost

is the cold indifference of the line that %ives it such #ower! &he

tra%ic result of the tra%edies that took #lace durin% Lara's lifeti e, the tra%edies that were so influenced by the transfor ation of (ussia into the $oviet 0nion, is the dehu ani>ation of everyone, includin% Furii and Lara!

/ha#ter 1DA 9#ilo%ue

()mmary
.n 19:2, Misha 1ordon and Cicky ;udorov are both officers in the (ed +r y fi%htin% in -orld -ar ..! &hey have both served sentences in the %ula%s, and Cicky's fiancHe was killed carryin% out a ission

a%ainst the 1er ans! &he re%i ental laundry is entrusted to a %irl na ed &ania, who tells the the story of her life!

&ania is the dau%hter of with a

e bers of the %entry! "er

other was livin%

an na ed )o arov who was not her real father! "e was a e ber hidin% in Mon%olia! -hen the (eds oved

(ussian /abinet in, he sent &ania's

other and the entire household away on a secret

train! )o arov did not know about &ania's e,istence and did not like children! &ania's other sent her to stay with Marfa, the si%nal wo an other a%ain!

at the train station, for a few days= &ania never saw her

&ania stayed with Marfa's fa ily, workin% at various 5obs and lookin% after Marfa's son Petya! Ene day, a an ca e to the door sayin% he

had killed Marfa's husband and would s#are Marfa's life only if she %ave over the oney her husband earned fro sellin% their cow! $he

tells the bandit that the down with hi not let hi

oney is in the cellar, but he takes Petya in and will

when he %oes to retrieve it! Marfa locks hi

out even when he threatens to kill Petya! "e bites Petya to

death! &ania sto#s a train and tells the (ed +r y soldiers inside what ha##ened! &hey tie the bandit u# and drive the train over hi ! &ania boarded the train and traveled all across the country! Later, 1ordon and ;udorov talk about &ania's story! 1ordon asks ;udorov, ?Fou know who she isI? and ;udorov re#lies, ?Fes, of course!? $he is the dau%hter of Bhiva%o and Lara! &hey a%ree that

9v%raf will look after her, as she has told the

that 9v%raf, now a

Ma5or@1eneral, has #ro ised to #ay for her studies!

*ommentary
&he 9#ilo%ue e,ists both to shed li%ht on the events takin% #lace in (ussia after Bhiva%o's death and to su%%est that, althou%h Bhiva%o and Lara both die, their le%acy lives on in their child! 1ordon and ;udorov, eanwhile, %row old as friends! &hey res#ect Furii's

e ory and even #reserve his writin% for hi ! &hey %o on livin%, while he takes u# a new e,istence as a deceased tra%ic hero, driven to des#air and death by his flaws and his #assion! &ania lives a difficult life, be%innin% with her childhood se#aration fro her other! .n her, 1ordon and ;udorov observe all the effects

of revolution and war! &ania, a child of the intelli%entsia, is forced to live a on% #eo#le who have no res#ect for the thin%s that her #arents held dear and no true affection for her! $he wanders the country with the sa e desolate ai lessness that ca e to #ossess her father! Just as Bhiva%o was reared by his uncle, so it is 9v%raf who #ro ises to save &ania fro her or#haned, lonely fate! $tuck on

the boundary between her an%uished #ast and a ho#eful future, &ania

re#resents both the tra%edy of her era and the ho#e of a new be%innin%!

I+. REFEREN*E( ;ia ond, ;!+! 319D14! #oris -asterna".s (octor )hi*a+o / A 0eturn to Tradition Master#iece &heatreA (octor )hi*a+o. 9ssays J .nterviewsA 1rom Lyric -oet to &!ic 2o*elist3 #oris -asterna" 41590619708 ! (etrieved February 8<, 800D, fro websiteA htt#AKKwww!#bs!or%Kw%bhK aster#ieceK>hiva%oKeiL#asternak!ht l Moore, P! and /oulehan, J! 3199:4! -asterna", #oris3 (octor )hi*a+o Literature +nnotations M Literature, +rts, N Medicine ;atabase, Cew ForkA Cew Fork 0niversity $chool of Medicine! (etrieved February 8<, 800D, fro the Literature, +rts, N Medicine ;atabase the Master#iece &heatre

websiteA htt#AKK chi#00!nyu!eduKlit@ edKlit@ ed@ dbKwebdocsKwebdescri#sK#asternak891@des@!ht l Pasternak, B! 319<84! (octor )hi*a+o 3M! "ayward N M! "arari, &rans!4! Cew ForkA Pantheon Books .nc! $lonin, M! 31977). So*iet 0ussian Literature 3 Writers and -roblems 191961999. London:Oxford University Press. $#arkCotesA ;r! Bhiva%o! (etrieved February 9, 800D, fro $#arkCotes websiteA htt#AKKwww!s#arknotes!co KlitK>hiva%oK

&he Cew 9ncyclo#aedia Britannica, 6ol! 9 Micro#aedia 319984!