Applications of Integration and Differential Equations PDF

Applications of Integration &
Differential Equations
Areas above and below the x-axis
For a function () 0 on an interval [, ] the area between the and
the function, between = and = , is given by
1
= ()

For a function () 0 on an interval [, ] the area between the and
the function, between = and = , is given by
2
= ()

Finally, the total area between the curve and the is given by
=
1
+
2

A
1
A
2
www.ibmaths4u.com 2013
IBmaths4u.com
.The information provided on this document is for educational purposes and its accuracy is not guaranteed. Content
contained on this document is the intellectual property of IBmaths4u.com
and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

without IBmaths4u.com
s express written permission.

Page 1
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Example
Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve () = ( 1)( 2) and
.
Solution

The curve crosses the x-axis at = 0, = 1 = 2. The function is positive on the
interval [0,1] and negative on [1,2] .
Therefore the required area is
+ = ( 1)( 2)
1
0
+ ( 1)( 2)
2
1
=
= (
3
3
2
+2)
1
0
(
3
3
2
+ 2) =
2
1

=
1
4
4

3
+
2
0
1

1
4
3
+
2
1
2
=
=
1
4
1 +1 4 8 +4
1
4
1 + 1 =
1
2

IBmaths4u.com


Page 2
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Area between a curve and the y-axis
The area between a curve and the y-axis, between = and = , is given by
=

Example
Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve = 2, the and the
lines = 1, and = 3
Solution

In order to find the area we should express x in terms of y :
= 2
2
= 2 =
2
+ 2
and then we have to calculate the following integral

= (
2
+2) =
1
3
3
+ 2
1
3
= 9 +6
1
3
2 =
3
1
38
3

IBmaths4u.com


Page 3
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Area between two curves
The area between two curves where () () on an interval [, ], is given
by
= (() ())

Example
Find the area of the region enclosed by the curves () =
2
and () =
3

Solution
To find the coordinates of the common points solve together
2
=
3

3
2
= 0
2
( 1) = 0 = 0 = 1
Solving the inequality
2

3
we have that () () on the interval [0,1]
IBmaths4u.com


Page 4
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Therefore the shaded area is given by
= (
2
3
)
1
0
=
1
3
1
4
0
1
=
1
3
1
4
=
1
12

Volumes of revolution
When rotating around the x-axis the volume of revolution, is given by
=
2

When rotating around the y-axis the volume of revolution, is given by
=
2

IBmaths4u.com


Page 5
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Example
Find the volume of the solid generated when the line = 2 for 0 2 is revolved
around the .
Solution

The volume of the revolution around the x-axis is given by

=
2
= 4
2
=
4
3
0
2
=
32
3

2
0
2
0

4
2
IBmaths4u.com


Page 6
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Kinematics
Velocity: =

Acceleration: =

2
2
=

where s is displacement and t time

The displacement over the interval [0,
2
] is given by
= ()

The distance covered over the interval [0,
2
] is given by
= ()
()

t
1
t
2
0
v
t
IBmaths4u.com


Page 7
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Example
The velocity of a particle at time is given by =
3
+2
2
+10 +4
and that when = 4 the displacement = 14 find the formula for the
displacement at any time .
Solution
=

3
+2
2
+10 +4 =

3
+2
2
+10 +4 =

1
4
4
+
2
3
3
+
10
2

2
+4 + =
=4,=14
1
4
4
4
+
2
3
4
3
+
10
2
4
2
+4 4 + = 14 =
566
3

Therefore the displacement s is given by =
1
4
4
+
2
3
3
+
10
2

2
+ 4 +
566
3

IBmaths4u.com


Page 8
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Differential Equations
A differential equation is an equation that contains an unknown function and
one or more of its derivatives.
The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest derivative that
occurs in the equation.
An ordinary differential equation is a differential equation in which the
unknown function is a function of a single independent variable.
First order separable differential equation is the differential equation which
can be written in the form
=
()
()

In general, we obtain solutions using integration. When we integrate, the solution
involves the constant of integration, and this is called a general solution of the
differential equation. The constant is evaluated using initial conditions to give a
particular solution.

IBmaths4u.com


Page 9
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Example
Find the particular solution to the differential equation
3
given that when
= 2 , =
2

Solution
3
|| =
2
2
+

=
2
+
(general solution)

When = 2 , =
2
we have that
2
=
2
4
+

2
=
1
2
+

1
2
+ = 2 =
5
2

Therefore =
2
+
5
2
(particular solution)

IBmaths4u.com


Page 10
w
w
w
.
i
b
m
a
t
h
s
4
u
.
c
o
m

Applications of Integration and Differential Equations PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Applications of Integration and Differential Equations PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Applications of Integration &

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

where s is displacement and t time

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

and may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed

s express written permission.

S-ar putea să vă placă și