tex

cm

cover factor + article

v.2

WARP
Material

CO

Spun

2
SPUN

Count

3
Ne

Density

coton

10

spun
40 /

tex

120 end/

Width

58

inch

inch

FILLING
Material

coton

10
CO

Spun

2
SPUN

Count

3
Ne

Density

spun
40 /

80 picks/

inch

WEAVE

spun
Nminch
L1/1

Language
SPUN
AR aramid
filam
FILA
N = Nederlands
CLY lyocell
F = Franais ent
flat
3 flatE =CLY/CO
lyocell/coton
English
weight
coton textured
textD =CO
Deutsch
coton/elastane
entangled
entI =CO/EL
Italiano
coton/flax
crepe
crep
S =CO/LI
Espaol
triacetate
high twist
ht P =CTA
Portugus
micr CUP cupromicrofiber
CV viscose
fantasy
FANT
TAB-> next field
viscose/coton
slub
slub CV/CO
core CV/EL
viscose/elastane
core
twis CV/LIviscose/flax
twisted
ilac EL elastane
interlaced
FANT
fantasy
sabl
sable
moul GF glass moulin
fibre
flam HA hair flamm
bouc JU jute boucl
doup LI
flax doupionn
MACmodacryl
e

P3/3

K2/1Z
K2/1S
K1/2Z
K1/2S
K2/2Z
K2/2S
K3/1Z
K3/1S
K1/3Z
K1/3S
K4/1Z
K4/1S
K1/4Z
K1/4S
K3/3Z
K3/3S
K5/1Z
MTF metal
K5/1S
PA polyamid
K1/5Z
PA/CO
polyamid/coton
K1/5S
polyamid/elastane
K6/1Z
PA/EL
polyacril
K6/1S
PAN
PE
K1/6Z
PES polyethylene
polyester
K1/6S
polyester/lyocell
K4/4Z
PES/CLY
PES/CO
polyester/coton
K4/4S
polyester/viscose K7/1Z
PES/CV
polyester/viscose/elastane
K7/1S
PES/CV/EL
PES/CV/LI
polyester/viscose/flaxK1/7Z
polyester/elastane K1/7S
PES/EL

80 gg gg g g gg S8/1
56
70 gg gg gg g g
60 gg g gg g gg
50 gg gg gg g g
40 gg g gg g gg
polyester/flax
K8/1Z
PES/LI
30 gg gg gg gg
PES/PA
polyester/polyamid K8/1S
20 g gg gg g gg
polyester/wool
K1/8Z
PES/WO
10 gg gg g g gg gggggggg;ggggg ggg;g 58
2 gg;gg gggggg;ggggggg g;ggg ggggg;gggggggg
PES/WO/EL
polyester/wool/elastane
K1/8S
ggggggg;gggggg
;gggg
gggg
0 g gg gg g gg
10
S1/3
PP polyprop
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
LOOM OptiMax
PTFE
fluor
S3/1
PVC polyvinyl
S1/4Z2
CALCULATIONS
###
100 Cover Factor
### ###
high article

###

RA ramie
silk
SE
SPF soya
WO wool
WO/CV
wool/viscose
wool/elastane
WO/EL

S4/1Z2
S1/4S2
S4/1S2
S1/4Z3
S4/1Z3
S1/6
S7/1
S1/8
S8/1
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9

AB
BL
DP
FP
FR
GA
HT
IN
LI
MA
MT
PCB
PO
SCB
SH
SP
TER
TIR
VEL
VL
VO
WO

K1/5S
K6/1Z
K6/1S
K1/6Z
K1/6S
K4/4Z
K4/4S
K7/1Z
K7/1S
K1/7Z
K1/7S

K8/1Z
K8/1S
K1/8Z
K1/8S
S1/4Z2
S4/1Z2
S1/4S2
S4/1S2
S1/4Z3
S4/1Z3

airbag
blankets

downproof
fancy poplin

furnishing
gauze
high twist
industrial
lining
canvas
mattress ticking
primary carpet backing
poplin
secondary carpet backing
sheeting
spinnacker parachute
terry
tyre cord
velvet
flax
voile
wool

g
g
;
g
g
g
;
g
g
g
;

DELTA

gOMNI
;g
OMP800

g;gg
ggg;gOptiMax
gg
g ;g g; gg
gg ; g ; g
gg
; ;g g; gg
ggg;g g;gg ; gg
ggg; gg ;gg ;g g
gggg;g gg;gg g;ggg
ggg
;
;gg g;g gg; ggg
gg ; g ; g ; g
g g; g ; g ;g
ggggg;g ggg;gg gg;ggg g;gggg
gggg ;ggg g;gg gg;g ggg; gggg
g ;g ; g ; g; g
g; g ; g ; g ;g
ggg;g gg;gg g;ggg ; ggg ; ggg
ggg; ggg ; ggg ;ggg ;gg g;g gg
ggggg;g gggg;gg ggg;ggg gg;gggg g;ggggg
ggggg ;gggg g;ggg gg;gg ggg;g gggg; ggggg
g ;g ; g ; g ; g; g
g; g ; g ; g ; g ;g
gggggg;g ggggg;gg gggg;ggg ggg;gggg gg;ggggg g;gggggg
gggggg ;ggggg g;gggg gg;ggg ggg;gg gggg;g ggggg; gggggg
g g;; g g ;; gg ;; g
g ;; gg ;; g g ;;g g
gggg;g ggg;gg gg;ggg g;gggg ; gggg ; gggg ; gggg
gggg; gggg ; gggg ; gggg ;gggg ;ggg g;gg gg;g ggg
ggggggg;g gggggg;gg ggggg;ggg gggg;gggg ggg;ggggg gg;gggggg g;ggggggg
ggggggg ;gggggg g;ggggg gg;gggg ggg;ggg gggg;gg ggggg;g gggggg; ggggggg
g
;g
; g ; g ; g ; g ;
g;
g
g;
g; g ; g ; g ; g ;g
;g
gggggggg;g ggggggg;gg gggggg;ggg ggggg;gggg gggg;ggggg ggg;gggggg gg;ggggggg g;ggggg
gggggggg ;ggggggg g;gggggg gg;ggggg ggg;gggg gggg;ggg ggggg;gg gggggg;g ggggggg; gggg
g
;g
; g
; g ; g ; g ;
g ;
g;
g
g;
g;
g ; g ; g ; g ; g
;g
;g

g ; g;g ; g
gggg;gg
; g g;g
; g gg;ggg
; g; g

ggg
g ;g;g
g ggg;gggg
; g; g ; ;gg
g gg; gggg
gg gg;gggg ;g ggg;ggg g; gggg
g ; g ; g; g ; g
ggggg;gg
; ggg;gggg
; g ; ;ggggg;ggg
; g ; g g; g
ggggggg;ggg gggg;gggggg g;g gggggg;gggg ggg;ggggggg ;gg ggggg;ggggg gg
g
; g ;g
;
g ; g
;
g; g ;
g; g
gggggggg;ggggg ggg;g ggggggg;gggggg gg;gg gggggg;ggggggg g;ggg ggggg;gggggg
;
;
;
;
;
;
;

ggg g;ggggggg
gggg; ggggggg

gg;gggggg gg;ggggggg g;gggggggg

gg;gg gggggg;g ggggggg; gggggggg

g ;gg ggggg;ggggg gg

gggggg g;ggg ggggg;gggggggg ;gggg gggg

g/m2
oz/yd2

The cover factor expresses how compact a cloth is.

It is based on 'the geometry of cloth structure' (E.T.Peirce 1937),
taking into consideration a yarn correction factor (prof.M.Walz)
and own Picanol research

weave weave_factor
plain
1.0
twill2/1 0.870 satin1/3 0.796 fancy3 0.862 filling reps1/2
0.97
3/1 0.769
1/4 0.709
4 0.813
2/2
0.869
4/1 0.763
1/5 0.662
5 0.769
3/3
0.82
5/1 0.714
1/6 0.629
6 0.730 warp reps1/2
0.88
6/1 0.694
1/7 0.599
7 0.694
2/2
0.793
7/1 0.689
1/8 0.578
8 0.662
panama2/2
0.75
8/1 0.654
9 0.632
3/3
-pick_factor
plain other weave
0.714
single
2/2pick
0.746 1.0 1.0
double
3/3 pick
0.7080.84 0.87
triple
pick
4/4
0.671 0.74 0.81
four pick
0.63 0.75

Cover factor = ( ends/inch x warp_yarn_factor + picks/inch x weft_yarn_factor) x weave_factor

sqrt(Ne)
sqrt(Ne)
x
pick_factor
A cover factor of 34 or more is considered to be high:
asymmetric shedding and weaving is advised
Maximum cover factor depends on loom type and width:
width OptiMax OMP+GamMax
T190-220 39/41 38/40
T250-300 38/40 37/39
T320-380 37/39 36/38
T400-460 36/38
The left value is the practical limit for square dense fabrics (e.g. 30 ends/30 picks)
The right value is the practical limit for rectangular dense fabrics (e.g. 30 ends/20 picks)

multi pick insertion

e.g. loom weaving plain weave, 15 picks/cm, double pick

yarn
yarn_factor
MTF
GF
FL
CLF, CF
CO,PES,CLY,LI,JU,RA,rest
WO/PES/EL
CV/WO,PES/WO/CV,WO/CV,
PES/CV/EL,PES/WO
PES/PAN,PES/PA,PES/EL,
CO/EL, CO/PA
WO/PA/PES
CA,TCA,WO,MAC,AR,PVAL,SE
WO/PA,WO/EL
PA/WO
PA,PAN,EL,PA/EL
PE,PP

-double the pick density set on loom (30)

-use weave factor set on loom (plain)
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.0
1.02
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.1
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.2

-multiply with double pick factor (0.84)

-actual weave on cloth is warp reps2/2:
NATURAL

ARTIFICIAL

SYNTHETIC

CO coton

CV viscose(spun=fibranne,zellwolle PES polyester (tetoron,diolen,terlenka,

fila=rayonne)
tergal,trevira,deacron)

WO wool-siro CUP cupro

PA polyamid
(nylon,perlon,tactel,cordura)
LI flax
CA acetate (dicel)
PAN acryl (leacryl,dolan,dralon)
SE silk
CTA triacetate (tricel)
MAC modacryl (dralon c,dolan
88,teklan)
JU jute
CLY lyocell(tencel,newcell,teracel) PP polypropylene (pylen)
CAN hemp
GF glass (fibreglas,silenka,enkafort) AR aramid (kevlar,trevar,twaron)
RA ramie
CF carbon
EL elastane (lycra,dorlastan)
HA hair
CLF chlore
PE polyethylene
PTFE fluor
MTF metal (bekinox,lurex)
MIXES: e.g. PES/CO polyester/coton

cy3 0.862 filling reps1/2

4 0.813

2/2

5 0.769

3/3

6 0.730 warp reps1/2

7 0.694

2/2

8 0.662

panama2/2

9 0.632

/cm, double pick

3/3