Anastasya Silvian Bu Kusuma Science Sept 6, 2013 Color Separation by Paper Chromatography Objective: To be able to see what colors

are separated into and speed of each color. Hypothesis: The speed of the primary colors will be faster than the non-primary colors. Theoretical Background: Paper chromatography is used as one of the method to separate out mixtures of color dyes. In paper chromatography, there are stationary phase and mobile phase. The stationary phase is usually an absorbent paper. The mobile phase is usually a suitable liquid solvent or mixture of solvents. Components of the liquid will separate according to how strongly they adsorb on the absorbent paper against how they dissolve in the liquid.. Variables: a. Control: Size of beaker, Base line (1.5cm). b. Dependent (measuring): Water, Drops of candy dye, and distance travel of the dye and time. c. Independent (changing): candy dye. Tools and Materials: M&M or Skittles (red, orange, yellow, green, blue and brown) Beaker Coffee Filter Paper Toothpick Pencil Water Ruler Aluminum Foil Timer Methods: 1. Cut the coffee filter paper (8cm x 8cm) and draw a line (1cm above one of the sides) ad make 6 dots on the line (with equal spacing), put a label for each color under the line. 2. Put aluminum foil on the table; place six drops of water on top of the foil. Place the candy on top of the water and wait for a minute or more to let the dye dissolve in water, then if done, take the candy. 3. Use the toothpick as a brush to take a drop of one color at a time. One toothpick for one color.

4. Drop the dye on the coffee filter paper in the label that has been given for each color. (Ex; red dye with symbol R). Dabbed on the color three times in the same spot. 5. Fill the beaker with water (50ml) where it touches the tip of the filter paper. 6. Attach the filter paper to a pencil so that we can hang 7. Then put the pencil vertically on top of the beaker and lay the pencil vertically that the paper will hang. 8. Once the water on the beaker touch the tip of the filter paper, we can see the solution goes up. 9. Then we will wait for 13 minutes and see the distance travel. Results:

Color Red Blue Green Brown Orange Yellow

Trial 1 4.15 5.1 3.4 6.3 6.1 5

Trial 2 4.1 6 3.7 4.8 5.3 5.8

Trial 3 4.9 6 5.35 4.7 4.3 5.1

Graph 1 Title:

Chromatography Experiment
7

Height (cm)

4 Trial 1 3 Trial 2 Trial 3 2

0 Red Blue Green Color Brown Orange Yellow

Color

Distance (average) 4.4 5.7 4.15 5.3 5.2 5.3

Time

Speed (D/T)

Red Blue Green Brown Orange Yellow

13 minutes 13 minutes 13 minutes 13 minutes 13 minutes 13 minutes

0.34cm/min 0.44cm/min 0.32cm/min 0.41cm/min 0.4cm/min 0.41cm/min

Discussion: Explanation: Each trial, shows different result in length, but some of them shows the same height. We have done 3 trials to see the whats common in the height of each color and to be more precise. We have done the three primary colors (red, blue, green) first in the first until third trial. Then for the second experiment, we did the rest of the color (brown, yellow and orange). One filter paper fit only for 3 colors, so we have to do divide the six colors into two papers. The result shows or was finalize after the water being dipped for 13 minutes. We used timer to check the time. Brown was the highest among the others because it consists of two different colors. From the chart, the not primary colors are higher than the primary colors. The average height of each color is 5+ cm high. The average of the red colors height is 4.4 based on three trials. The average height of blue is about 5.7 cm high. The average height of green is about 4.15 cm high. The average height of brown is about 5.3 cm high. The average height for orange is about 5.2 cm high. The average height of yellow is 5.3 cm high. I have figured out the speed of each color after I measured the average and also the height of the color. The primary colors average speed is 0.39cm/min. The non-primary colors has the average speed of 0.4cm/min. Evaluation: The data that Ive obtain is valid and reliable. It is valid and reliable because I got the information of the experiment from many sources such as experience and also from many websites. The result is accurate and reliable because we have done the experiment 3 times for each color and that shows consistency and the pattern of the result.

Conclusion: The objective of my experiment is To be able to see what colors are separated into and speed of each color. I have been able to see what colors that are separated and the speed of each color. The average speed of the primary colors are slower than the average speed of the non-primary colors, (avg primary: 0.39cm/min and non primary: 0.40cm/min). This means that my hypothesis which is The speed of the primary colors will be faster than the non-primary colors is not true. The speed of the non primary colors is faster than the primary colors. The brown color as seen in the picture and during the experiment, it separated into two different colors, which are red and bluegreenish. From the result either, the color brown has the longest length in the first trial. We found out while doing the experiment that the wetter color dye we put in the paper were, the faster they will rise up and separated form others. The drier the color dye is, they will rise slower than the wetter one. From the result in the first place, we can easily see which color separated from each other or like brown, the color separated to see what brown color consist of. We also identify the fastest speed based on the average, which is the color blue, if we count individually. But when we count the speed of red and green, primary colors are slower than the non-primary colors. Evaluation: The method that we have made has been done accordingly. We follow each instruction so that our experiment would be successful. At the end, we prove that our experiment is successful because we can answer our objective, hypothesis and see the result clearly. In the experiment though, we need to cut the paper estimate so that it can fits into the beaker. We put water on top of the M&M so that the color would melt fast and we can save time. The improvement that we need for the method is to actually have a few of timer so that we dont have to wait for each other. For example, we can easily start the trial without waiting for the first trial to finish. We also should have list more beaker that we can put several paper. We also need to be fast once we put the dye in the filter paper so that its still a bit damp or wet. Extension: For future experiment, we should hurry once we already put dye in filter paper so that the color will rise fast and the result would be more accurate. There are kind of slightly different numbers because one of the paper when its already dried, we dipped it, while the other paper while its still wet. This will cause a bit of inaccurate result in the paper. It could be higher because the dye is still a bit wet when we dip into the beaker.

Bibliography: Clark, Jim. "Paper Chromatography." Paper Chromatography. Http://www.chemguide.co.uk, n.d. Web. 01 Sept. 2013. "Paper Chromatography." Department of Chemistry. Http://chem.wisc.edu, n.d. Web. 01 Sept. 2013.