Honors Chemistry _________________________________ ______/______/______

Name Period ___ Date

Hydrated Compound Lab

U n i t 2 : M o l e C o n c e p t

Have you ever wondered what those little packets of chemicals are that usually comes with a new pair of shoes? When you unpack a new CD player, television, or a bottle of medicine, the container usually contains one or more packets of desiccant. The packet absorbs moisture in the air so that the equipment will not be damaged. The chemical inside the packet contains a type of salt that has the ability to bind water molecules within their lattice structure. These compounds are known as hydrate crystals. In this lab, you will be dehydrating a chemical hydrate and determine the amount of water that will be evaporated away and the anhydrous salt that will be left over. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to find the ratio of H2O in a hydrated compound. Materials: Crucible (Dry) Metal Stand Clay Triangle Ring Clamps Bunsen Burner Lighter Tongs Scale CuSO4 Mixture Spoon Procedure: 1. Set up a metal stand with a ring clamp 2. Perch a clay triangle on the ring clamp. 3. Set a Bunsen burner directly underneath the ring clamp.

4. Take a crucible and weigh it on the scale.

5. Note the mass. 6. Take your crucible and put in some of the mixture with the spoon. 7. Weigh the crucible and the mixture together. 8. Note the mass.

9. Set the crucible on the clay triangle. 10. Turn the gas on and light the top of the Bunsen burner with your lighter.

11. Wait for the mixture as the water evaporates to turn from blue to white. 12. Take the crucible of the burner and weigh it. 13. Note the mass. 14. Set it back on the Bunsen burner and heat it a second time for more accurate data.

15. Weigh it again. 16. Note the difference. 17. When you are done taking data, wait for the clay pot to cool. 18. Put the mixture in a beaker given by your teacher and wash out the crucible. 19. Begin your conversions.

Data: Objects Crucible Crucible with CuSO4 + H20 CuSO4 with _H20 CuSO4 after first heating H20

Mass 18.840g 21.840g 3.00g 20.318g 0.866g

Questions: What is the mass of the ionic compound without water (also called the anhydrous compound)? How many moles is this? 1. Mass of Ionic Compound 21.840g (Crucible with CuSO4 + H20) - 20.318g (CuSO4 after first heating) = 1.522g (H2O) 3.00g (CuSO4 + H20) - 1.522g (H20) = 1.49g (CuSO4) 2. Molar Mass Cu = 63.55 S = 32.07 O4 = 64 = 159.62 1.49g of CuSO4

1mol =0.00933 mol CuSO4 159.62 gCuSO4

What is the mass of the water heated away? How many moles is this? 1. Evaporated Water 21.840g (Crucible with CuSO4 + H20) - 20.318g (CuSO4 after first heating) = 1.522g (H2O) 2. Moles 1.522g of H20

1mol = 0.08446 mol H20 18.02

What is the mole ratio of the ionic compound to the water? 0.08446 mol H20: 0.00933 mol CuSO4 9 H2O : 1 CuSO4 What is the formula of the reactant hydrate compound? CuSO4 9 H2O What is the name of this compound? Copper (II) Chloride Nonahydrate Discussion Questions
Make sure to address the following questions in your discussion section: Would the error cause your ratio to increase or decrease? 1. What was the actual ratio you obtained (with all significant digits)? What was your rounded ratio to whole numbers? Is your actual ratio higher or lower than the rounded ratio? Research what the actual ratio should be. Is your answer too high or too low? What is the percent error? 9.05 H2O : 1 CuSO4. 9 H2O : 1 CuSO4. It is lower than the rounded ration. The apparently the ratio is supposed to be 5 H2O : 1 CuSO4.

9.05 - 5 100 = 45% 9

My percent error is 45%. How would your ratio change if you did not dehydrate the compound fully? The ratio would have been a lot smaller, this is because less water would have evaporated and the compound would still hold a lot of water therefor making it heavier. Suppose some of the compound fell out of the test tube before heating but after massing. How would that change your ratio? It would because you would think that more water evaporated than it actually did. How would your ratio change if the test tube were wet when the hydrated compound was added to it at the beginning of the experiment? The starting mass would be higher because of the added water therefor the ratio would be larger because the extra water would evaporate as well. How would your ratio relate to another groups who used the same compound, if you used 2.0 grams and they used 2.5grams? It would be the same. Suggest what might happen if you left the anhydrous compound to sit overnight before weighing it for your data? The compound might absorb more moisture from the air, which would make the ratio smaller because it would gain more weight before you weigh it for your data. If you could improve this lab, what you do differently and why? Discuss at least three feasible improvements and why with reference to the other discussion

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questions and errors. (Note: relate this to #1 and the answers for the other questions). One of the improvements is that my group should have heated the compound a second time to make sure there was no left over water in the mixture. This would have changed the ratio of water to the compound. Second, our group should have checked the amount of mixture we used, because the fact that it was exactly 3.00g seems unnatural. Thirdly, the lab write-up says to use test tubes but crucibles are more efficient.

Conclusion Statement: Write a one to two sentence statement to conclude what you did in your lab, what was your actual and how did it compare to your theoretical. In our lab, we tried to find the ratio of water to CuSO4, however the product was a lot larger than I thought it would have been before the experiment.