Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Chapter-1
Windows Seven
Semester-I
) (:
Computer
A Computer is electronics based computing machine which takes data from user as input, it perform processing on data, and
then give desire output data or information back to user. Computer takes data from user using a particular type of input device
and gives data with help of output devices.
:
.
Input devices
Computer input devices are those devices which provides data for input to computer or in other words input devices take data
from user and gives to computer for executions. Input devices such as:
Input Devices
Types of Data to computer
Mouse
Right, Left keys, and movement of cursor to different location of the
screen is a type of data from user to computer.
Keyboard
Each key of computer gives a special code or data to computer
pressed by a computer user.
MIC (Audio in)
Gives data to computer in term of voice or audio signal
Scanner
Data such as image pixels are provided to computer
) (
: .
.
.
(
)
.
Output devices
Computer output devices are those device which are responsible to display or output data from computer or simply devices,
which takes data from computer and gives them to computer users. Some common output devices such as:
Output Devices
Types of Data to User
Monitor
Displaying of computer software and a graphical overview of
computer system provided by monitor device is a type of output
data
Printer
Printer device gives output in terms of text, graphs, or figures
printed.
Speaker
Speaker device gives output in term of voice signal or audio signal.
Projector
Output data is same as monitor except it projects lights or data to
any plane wall-screen.
) (
:
.
Computer Hardware
Physical or touchable parts of computer machine are called hardware. Computer hardware is categorized into two types:
Internal hardware is such as Processor, RAM, Main board, Floppy drive, CD/DVD Room, or Hard-disk.
External hardware is such as mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer etc.
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:) (
:
. Processor, RAM, Main board, Floppy drive, CD/DVD Rom, Hard-disk : : Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, Printer : : -
Computer software
Logical or non-touchable parts of the computer system are called software. There are two type main types of computer
software.
Application software: software which are not directory concerned with computer system or computer hardware or simply
software which doesnt takes a special takes for operating system such as Microsoft word, excel, paint, note-Pad etc.
System software: software which are directory concerned with computer system or computer hardware or simply software
which takes some important responsibilities of operating system such as windows, control panel, device manager etc.
:) (
.
:
:Application Software
Word, Excel, : . Application Software
. Paint, Note-pad
:System Software
Operating system
Computer machine needs software, which will provide complete control system such as controlling user data for input,
processing of user data and output of user data into an organized manner. How humanized data are interpreted into hardware
language and then back to humanized language is the responsibilities of operating system. Operating system example are
windows XP, Windows seven, Linux, MAC etc.
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1) User is a human who use the computer and give data to computer.
2) Application is application software such as note-pad, Microsoft word etc. which transfer user request to operating
system. application software is an interface between user and operating system.
3) Operating system is a system software which controls request of user projected by application software and operates
the hardware to provide desirable result back to user.
4) Hardware are computer parts or components which performs operation over user request physically and give data back
to user using interfaces of operating system and application software.
:)Operating System(
:
. Operating System
: User
.
MS
Word Note-pad : Application Software : Application
.
: Operating System
.
: Hardware
Application Software Operating System
. User
Kernel
Memory management
File system
Device drivers
Networking (TCP/IP, UDP)
Security (Process/Memory protection)
I/O
1) Main program of the operating system, which control all hardware and provides main functionality of the
operating system called kernel.
2) Operating system takes data from RAM and gives them to processor for execution. And the result of processing
come back to RAM, this phenomenon is called memory management.
3) Management, storage, and allocation of user files and windows files to hard-drive are done with help of operating
system, which called file system.
4) Devices that need to connect with computer environment have to introduce them self with computer hardware or
must have an interpreter called device driver, which is working as interface between computer hardware and
device hardware.
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5) Computers can be connected to each other for transmission of user data called networking. Tele users can
communicate with each other via networking. Networking can be classified in different structures called network
topologies:
Bus topologies
Start topologies
Ring topologies
Tree topologies etc.
There are multiple protocols (method of communication) of network exist for network system, some common protocol
are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)/IP (Internet Protocol), UDP (User Datagram protocol) etc.
6) Operating system provides security for process and programs of user load in different level of computer memories.
To ensure that a particular program must not exceed its defined length operating system provides process,
memory protection method.
7) Controlling flow of data between input and output devices operating system ensures correct transmission of data.
:
Kernel .1 .
Memory Management .2 .
File System .3 .
Device driver .4 .
Networking (TCP/IP, UDP) .5 .
Security (Process/Memory Protection) .6 .
I/O .7 .
.1
Kernel .
.2 RAM Processor
RAM Memory
management .
.3
File System
.4
Device Driver.
.5 Networking
.
.6 Security
.
.7
I/O .
Computer memory
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Computer memories are classified in terms of their speed, usage, size, and storage method. Following list shows computer
memories exist in computer.
Memory type
Location
Size
Register
Exist inside
the processor
8,16,32 bits
Cache
Exist inside
the processor
1,2,3 MB
Dedicated
chip on main
board
1 > GB
Usage
Processor
using it to
store operant
or results of
processing
(Most frequent
usage)
Processor
using it to
store a cluster
of data used
frequently
(Frequent
usage)
Processor
using it to load
user programs
from hard-disk
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Speed
Storage
method
High speed
according to
processor
usage
Temporary (in
Flip-flop)
Temporary (in
Flip-flop)
Speed than
hard-disk
Temporary (in
Dynamic
memories or
capacitors)
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I/O buffer
Exist inside
every input
and output
device
Depending
on I/O device
(Usually in
KB)
Hard-disk (Secondary
storage)
Dedicated
connected to
main board
40 > GB to
1>TB
CD/DVD Disk
Dedicated
connected to
main board
700 MB >
4.7> GB
to RAM (Used
but more than
cache)
Used to buffer
data for a
while when I/O
communicating
with computer
Stores user
files, windows
files, and other
users data
magnetic
plates
Stores user
data with help
of laser optic
waves
High speed
according to
I/O CPU
Temporary
(in Flip-flop)
Permanent
(stores in
tracks and
sectors)
Permanent
(stores in
optical
method)
Primary storage
RAM-Random Access Memory
DDR-Double Data Rate
Rate double, fast, power efficient
DRR2, DDR3
:Computer Memory
:
8,16,32 bits
Register
1,2,3 MB
Catch
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.
RAM Random
1>GB Main board
Access Memory
I/O
I/O
CPU
.
.
.
.
40>GB
Main board
(
01>TB .
)
.
700>MB
CD/DVD disk
Main board
4.7>GB .
: Computer Memory
:)RAM( Primary Storage - 1
.
: Secondary Storage - 2
.
Register
.
:
Off On
) ( ) ( On\Off
.
: Computer Memory
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Bit
bit
Off On On/Off
.
Byte
Byte 8-Bits -
byte
.
:
1 Byte =
8-bit
1 Kilo byte
=
1024 bytes
1 Mega Byte
=
1024 Kilo byte
1 Giga byte
=
1024 mega byte
1 Tara byte
=
1024 Giga byte
Internet
The internet is the network of networks around the world. It is made up of thousands of smaller, national, regional,
governmental, academic, and commercial networks. It is a global network.
:Internet
.
Internet
DSL
) ISP(
) NIC(
.) LAN(
What is E-Mail?
E-mail stands for electronic mail. It is the most popular service or facility provided by the Internet through which we can
electronically send and receive messages anywhere in the world. The same message can be sent to many people by sending a
single e-mail.
E-Mail
Electronic Mail E-mail
.
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Before using windows seven you need to install windows-7 operating system in your computer system. to install windows seven
follow these steps:
:Installing Windows 7
:
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-
Next .
-
Install now .
-
( )Setup is starting
(
)
Next .
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-
Drive
Backup
Drive
Drive delete
Drive
Drive
Options
Delete
Unallocated Space
Next
Drive Format
.
User Password
.
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:
VGA, Audio, LAN :
.
CD .
.
- Computer Icon Device manager .
2) Now observe the device, which need drivers presented by yellow icon at the subscript of the devices.
3) Right-click on the driver and select properties.
4) Now from Driver tab click on Update driver button, as shown in the figure bellow.
- 2
.
- 3 Properties .
- 4 Driver Update driver .
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5) Now you have two options either select Automatically device driver or Browse my computer for driver, in this
case click on Browse my computer . Option.
6) Now locate your driver location by clicking on the Browse button, and then click on the next button, as shown in the
figure bellow.
Automatically device driver - 5
. Browse my computer for driver Browse my computer for driver
- 6
. Browse
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7) After this window, computer will search for device driver and then will ask you to accept installation.
) 7
.
:ROM Bios
. ) Read Only Memory( ROM
) BIOS(
BIOS ROM
ROM
.
Windows Seven
Task description
1) How to diagnose computer
specification
Start your computer
Go to Run
Steps and illustrations
Steps
Illustrations
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Step1
Step2
Step3
Screenshot of Windows 7
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Steps
Step
1
Illustrations
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Step
2
teps
Step1
Illustrations
: Screen Resolution
. Desktop
. Screen Resolution
resolution
)x(
. Orientation
Apply
.
Screen Resolution
. Pixels
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Step2
Steps
Step1
Illustrations
Step2
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: User
:
.
:
: User Start Menu -1 - 5
2) Now select and click on Manage another account from list given in windows, as shown in following picture.
. Manage Another Account - 2
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3) When new window appeared, click on Create new account functional label at the bottom of the window.
4) Now enter account name and select account type from options given in new window and then click on Create
Account button, as show in the picture given bellow.
.) Create New Account( - 3
. Create Account - 4
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Difference among Guest user, Standard user and Administrator user accounts
a)
Standard user accounts have low privilege in term of changing windows setting and other users file and software.
Standard account users can use most software and change systems settings that do not affect other users or the
security of the computer or windows. You cant create another account while you are logon as standard account
and you do not have any administrator user account password. However you can change your password,
username, and user account picture.
b) Administrator user accounts have full privilege to change windows or system setting and can make any desired
changes to the computer. Some software is permitted to be installed in your computer only when you are logon to
administrator user account. And you have full privilege to create another account while you are logon as
administrator user account.
c) Guest user accounts have very low privilege to change the system setting or apply setting to other users account.
Guest account doesnt have any password capability like standard accounts have. You cant create another account
while you are logon as guest account and you do not have any administrator user account password.
. -
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- 6
:
Delete
.Change Picture
6) Here you have server options to be performed for-example to change your password, account name, user account
picture, changing account type, and deleting your user account. Here just select change the picture, as illustrated in the
picture given bellow.
7) Now choose a user picture from picture matrix or brows your desire picture from your computer gallery by click on the
Browse for more picture label. And then click on change picture button illustrated in the preceding figure.
Browse - 7
. Changing Picture
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: Logoff Shutdown
Logoff Shutdown
:
User :Switch User - 1
User
A B A
User B Switch User B
User A Switch User
.
Logoff User :Logoff - 2
User User
.
:Lock - 3
.
:Restart - 4
.
RAM :Sleep - 5
.
:Hibernate - 6
Power
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.
:Shutdown - 7
.
.
: Notepad
Notepad
Ms Word :
Notepad Java, HTML, SQL, C-Language
.
: Notepad Search Box Start Menu - 1
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2) After opening notepad now you can type your text, and then you can use sub-menus to save files as illustrated bellow.
. Notepad -
3) In the figure above a file menu of the notepad is shown, which consist of the following sub-menus:
a) New: to open a new notepad file.
b) Open: open any existing text file, saved before.
c) Save: to save the current file to a location of the disk.
d) Save as: save your current saved file with another name in the same location, or to save the file in other location
too.
e) Page setup: setup your notepad page for printer. Setting like page setting, printer selection etc.
f) Print: this sub-menu will print your file using any printer installed on your computer.
g) Exit: this sub-menu will close your current notepad program.
4) Using Edit menu of the notepad program (illustrated below).
a) Undo: this sub-menu will resume your last session and remove last edit in the text.
b) Cut: to cut the selected text and place it to clipboard (memory) and this can be used to past in other place of your
document.
c) Copy: leave the selected text (doesnt remove from current place) and place its copy to clipboard for pasting
purpose.
d) Paste: paste text, which is just copied to clipboard, to other place of your document.
e) Delete: to delete the selected text and doesnt place its copy to clipboard.
f) Find: find specified text or word in document (find and stop the cursor in first location, where the word has found).
g) Find next: find the same word or text in the rest of document.
h) Replace: replace a word or sentence in the document to another word or sentence specified by the user.
i) Go to: jumps to a particular line of the document.
j) Select All: this sub-menu will select all text in your document.
k) Time/Date: this option will insert current time and date to your document.
File Menu Notepad -
:
. Notepad :New o
. Notepad :Open o
. Notepad :Save o
Notepad :Save as o
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:
o
o
o
.
:Page Setup Notepad .
:Print Notepad .
:Exit Notepad .
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
:Undo .
:Cut .
:Copy .
:Paste .
:Delete .
:Find .
:Find Next .
:Replace .
:Go to .
:Select all
:Time/Date .
Edit Menu -
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1) Click the start button, write regedit in the search text box, and then press enter.
2) When Registry Editor Loads, navigate through HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, SOSFTWARE, Microsoft, Windows NT, Current
Version, and Win Logon, as show in the figure given bellow.
Logon Users:
Users Logon
Registry
Registry .
Start- Search box ( )Regedit Enter.
- Registry Editor ( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, SOSFTWARE, Microsoft, Windows NT, Current Version, and Win
)Logon, . .
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3) You must now create a new key. Right-click on WinLogon folder, select new, and then select new key Special
Accounts, as show in the following illustration.
New WinLogon -
.) Special Accounts(
4) Right-click on SpecialAccounts key, select new, and then select new key, and call this new key UserList.
5) Now you are ready to add name of the account that you want hide. To add a name, right-click and select new DWORD
(32-bit) value, as show in the figure given bellow.
Userlist New Key Special Accounts Folder -
.
Userlist -
: .) DWORD (32-bit) Value(
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6) When the new DWORD is created, enter the name of Users account as the name of the DWORD. After you have done
this you can close registry editor.
DWORD DWORD -
. Registry Editor
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Logon Screen :
Screen
Registry .
- Start Search box regedit Enter.
- Registry Editor ( )HKEY_USERS,DEFAULT, Control Panel, DESKTOP .
- LOGON SCREENSAVER Desktop Key
New String Value Value
SCREENSAVEACTIVE Value 1.
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-
Desktop Key New
String Value Value SCREENSAVETIMEOUT
New
Modify . .
- Desktop Key New
String Value SCREENSAVE.EXE Value
.scr.
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:
()Do not Shutdown this Computer.
Group Policy
.
Start Button- Search box Secpol.msc.
- Local Security Policy Editor Local Policies Security Options
.
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: Logon Screen
Logon Screen
) 245KB(
c:\windows\system32\oobe\infor\backgrounds\ .jgp 245KB
.
. Enter Regedit Run-
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHIN, Software, Microsoft, Windows, current Version, Authentication, LogonUI, and ( -
New LogonUI Background Key ) Background
.) Background(
OEMBackground -
Value OEMBackground DWORD Background
. 1
4) Now close your registry editor and test the changes by logging off the computer.
. Logoff Registry Editor -
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