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Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

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CORE NETWORK IN GSM

Core network of GSM consist of following elements Mobile Intelligent Network Mobile Switching Network HLR/HSS Short Massage Service Centre Voice Massage Service Centre MMS Server GGSN/SGSN Over he !ir Sol"tion #O !$

MOBILE INTELLIGENT NETWORK


IN is an architect"ral conce%t for the o%eration an& %rovision of new services '"ickl() fle*ibl() economicall( an& efficientl(+ he IN feat"re is &efine& as an architect"re where ,intelligence, is se%arate& from core network switches an& %lace& in &istrib"te& network no&es+ It s"%%orts the %rovision) control an& management of m"lti%le telecomm"nication services+ -rinci%le. he IN is an e*tension to the e*isting tele%hone network+ he network is organise& so that the tele%hone calls receive& b( the IN are interr"%te& to '"er( a &atabase in or&er to &etermine what to &o with the call+ he call can then be re/ro"te& base& on a n"mber of %re/&efine& con&itions+ IN Conce%t"al Mo&el./ Service Plane Global Functional Plane Distributed Functional Plane Physical Plane 0istrib"te& f"nctional frame./ CC!1. 4R4R!I Call Control !ccess 1"nction ) 5abal%"r 223

Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

CC1. Call Control 1"nction SS1. SC1. SR1. S0-. SC61. SM-. Service Switching 1"nction Service Control 1"nction S%ecial Reso"rce 1"nction Service 0ata 1"nction Service Creation 6nvironment 1"nction Service Management 1"nction

-h(sical -lane./ -h(sical -lane contains the -6s an& the interfaces between -6s SC6 SMSCSSIService Creation 6nvironment Service Management -oint Service Control -oint Service Switching -oint Intelligent -eri%heral

SM!- Service Management !ccess -oint Global f"nctional %lane./ CC1 #call control f"nction$ / this %rovi&es the basic call an& connection han&ling in the e*change+ It establishes) mani%"lates an& releases the call+ SS1 #Service switching f"nction$/It enables interaction between CC1 an& SC1+ It recogni7es service control triggers) thro"gh which it recogni7es IN calls+ It manages the signaling between the CC1 8 SC1+ SC1 #Service Control f"nction$ / 0irects call control f"nctions &"ring the %rocessing of an IN call+ It contains the IN service call %rocessing logic store& in the s"bscriber &atabases which s%ecifies how to han&le an IN service re'"est+ It interacts with the SS1 an& th9e SR1 to obtain information re'"ire& to %rocess an IN call+ Sometimes the SC1 is s%lit into two f"nctional entities S01# Service 0ata 1"nction$ //the &atabase SC1 #Service Control 1"nction$ : Call %rocessing an& other logic 4R4R!I ) 5abal%"r 222

Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

Other f"nctions are Collection of traffic an& network meas"rements an& sen&ing to SM1 Sen&ing of stat"s an& service maintenance messages to the SM1 Network management controls Sen&ing of 4illing Information to the SS1 SR1 #S%eciali7e& Reso"rce 1"nction$: It is "se& whenever an IN call re'"ires &irect interaction with the calling %art( in the s%eech %ath+ It contains the logic an& %rocessing ca%abilit( to sen&) receive an& convert information It has the following f"nctions -la( !nno"ncement Collect &igit Voice recognition Voice 4ack SCEF (Service creation Environment Function) This function enables service developers to develop service lo ic! create and modify net"or# databases Do"nloadin of service lo ic to the S$S The purpose of SCEF is to create Service Pac#a es (SPs)% &n SP is a container for one or more '( Services 't contains Service lo ic Service data and service data schema Specification of "hich data and statistics to collect durin service e)ecution SM1 #Service Management 1"nction$ : his f"nction is res%onsible for %rovisioning an& managing services create& b( the SC61 an& &ownloa&ing services 8 service relate& &ata to the SC1 e'"i%ment !%%l(ing changes to the global #service wi&e$ or s"bscriber &ata 0ownloa&ing service logic onto the SC1 Collection of service s"bsci%tion meas"rements 4R4R!I ) 5abal%"r 22;

Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

Receiving 8 logging "nsolicite& stat"s an& service management messages from SC1 -ro&"cing re%orts Service &ata a"&its he 1"nctional Mo&el &efines the entities in terms of f"nctions an& not in terms of %h(sical network elements+ he network elements which corres%on& to &ifferent f"nctional entities are SC1 SR1 CC1/SC1 SC61 SM1 SC- #Service Control -oint$ I- #Intelligent -eri%heral$ SS- #Service Switching -oint$ SC6 #Service Creation 6nvironment$ SMS #Service Management S(stem$ Network str"ct"re./

1ig ;+ Mobile Intelligent Network

Network structure:IN service switching f"nctionalit( #SS1$ an& C!M6L Service Switching 1"nctionalit( #gsmSS1$ can be incl"&e& in the network no&es GMSC Server an& MSC/VLR Server+ he IN service control f"nctionalit( #SC1$ can be co/locate& in the same %h(sical 4R4R!I ) 5abal%"r 22<

Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

no&e or in a &ifferent no&e+ However) all comm"nication between SS1 an& SC1 will be &one thro"gh Intelligent Network !%%lication -rotocol #IN!-$+ he C!M6L Service Control f"nctionalit( #gsmSC1$ is a se%arate no&e in the network locate& in the s"bscriber,s home -LMN+ he gsmSC1 can be co/locate& in the same %h(sical e*change or on a se%arate server+ !ll comm"nication between gsmSS1 an& gsmSC1 is &one thro"gh C!M6L !%%lication -art #C!-$ %rotocol SS1./ SS1 re%resents the switching f"nctions of the IN network+ It &etects IN service invocations #IS s$ an& interrogates the a%%ro%riate SC1 for instr"ctions how to han&le the call+ SS1 can be locate& within the #G$MSC Server+ In this case it is not a se%arate %h(sical no&e in the network+ In case it is locate& in a se%arate transit e*change #witho"t mobile f"nctionalit($) then it is calle& a #stan&/alone$ SS- an& can be seen as a se%arate no&e in the network+ he gsmSS1 re%resents the switching f"nctions of the C!M6L Service 6nvironment #CS6$+ It &etects C!M6L calls an& interrogates the a%%ro%riate gsmSC1 for instr"ctions how to han&le the call+ he gsmSS1 is locate& within the #G$MSC Server an& it cannot be a se%arate %h(sical no&e in the network+ SC1./ SC1 is the control f"nction of the IN network+ It contains the logic an& &ata of the IN services an& e*ec"tes them accor&ingl() if re'"este& b( the SS1+ 0"ring e*ec"tion of an IN service) the SC1 or&ers SS1 to %erform certain actions as &efine& b( IN!- #IN!o%erations$+ SC1 can be locate& within a #G$MSC Server or it can be a se%arate no&e in the network+ he gsmSC1 is the control f"nction of the CS6+ It contains the logic an& &ata of the C!M6L services an& e*ec"tes them accor&ingl() if re'"este& b( the gsmSS1+ 0"ring e*ec"tion of a C!M6L service the gsmSC1 or&ers gsmSS1 to %erform certain actions as &efine& b( C!-+ he gsmSC1 is a se%arate no&e in the network locate& in the s"bscriber,s home -LMN) e*ce%t for N/CSI that is locate& in the visite& -LMN+

SGSN
Intro&"ction he =C0M! S(stems is a thir& generation #<G$ mobile s(stem that s"%%orts both -S an& CS comm"nication+ =C0M! S(stems increase the %acket &ata transmission s%ee& between an MS an& an( -0N+G-RS is the %acket &ata service in both GSM an& =C0M! S(stems+ he SGSN s"%%orts 0"al !ccess) that is) sim"ltaneo"s GSM an& =C0M! S(stems ra&io access within one SGSN+ CS an& -S services can be "se& either sim"ltaneo"sl( or one at the time) &e%en&ing on the ca%abilities of the MS an& the ra&io networks+ he SGSN s"%%orts &"al transfer mo&e) which enables an MS in class 4 mo&e of o%eration to transfer both voice over the CS network an& &ata over the -S network sim"ltaneo"sl(> that is) the MS acts as an MS in class ! mo&e of o%eration+ he SGSN han&les the comm"nication with MSs an& the establishment of the connection between an MS an& the -0N+ It forwar&s I- %ackets between all G-RS/attache& 4R4R!I ) 5abal%"r 22?

Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

MSs within that SGSN service area an& the GGSN+ Connections between the SGSN an& the MS an& between the SGSN an& the GGSN are han&le& thro"gh session management) that is) thro"gh the activation) mo&ification) an& &eactivation of -0- conte*ts+ Mobilit( management in the SGSN kee%s track of the R! within the SGSN service area in which an MS is locate&) allows an MS to register in the network) an& minimi7es service interr"%tions at change of R!+ It also s"%%orts roaming an& han&over within an& between o%erator networks+ S"bscriber &ata management in the SGSN enables the o%erator to charge) i&entif() an& a"thori7e s"bscribers+ It also enables &ifferentiate& services) for e*am%le) &ifferent @"alit( of Service #@oS$+ Charging information for each MS) that is) information abo"t the %acket transfer) is collecte& b( the SGSN an& sent to the charging s(stem. !n SGSN also s"%%orts transfer of SMS messages thro"gh the G-RS network+ ! 0"al !ccess SGSN can be accesse& sim"ltaneo"sl( from both the GSM an& =C0M! S(stems ra&io networks+ It allocates Sim"ltaneo"sl( !ttache& Asers #S!A$ an& -0- reso"rces &(namicall( between GSM an& =C0M! S(stems+ he SGSN &etects new combinations of International Mobile 6'"i%ment I&entit( Software Version #IM6I/SV$ an& International Mobile S"bscriber I&entit( #IMSI$ #that is) when a new SIM car& is inserte& in an MS$ an& writes those as an entr( in the !0C rigger 1ile together with some s"bscri%tion %arameters+ !n entr( is also written if the IMSI is "nknown in the SGSN) for e*am%le) when a roaming MS first attaches to a new SGSN+
Short Message Mobile Terminated-CDR (S-SMT-CDR) contains charging data related to the transfer of an MS-terminated SMS message. 2. The SGSN forwards ! "ac#ets according to the destination address in the ! header. Destination ! addresses or s$bnets are associated with ne%t ho" ! addresses. The ne%t ho" to which the ! "ac#et sho$ld be forwarded can be staticall& config$red' or the information can be retrie(ed from a d&namic ro$ting "rotocol. The SGSN s$""orts both d&namic ro$ting and static ro$ting.

!n SGSN s"%%orts I-sec in t"nnel or trans%ort mo&e or GR6 t"nnels) when comm"nicating with other no&es in the network+ !ll ro"ters also s"%%ort I- %acket filtering) which enables filtering of inbo"n& an& o"tbo"n& I- traffic+
).

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Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

Interfaces./ G& Interface. he main %"r%ose of the G& interface is to transfer Mobile/Originate& #MO$ short messages from the SGSN to the SMS/I=MSC an& Mobile/ erminate& #M $ short messages from the SMS/GMSC to the SGSN+ he G& interface can be "se& for SMS an& 6nhance& short Message Service #6MS he G& interface s"%%orts the following main feat"res. 1orwar&ing of MO short messages+ he Mobile Station Integrate& Services 0igital Network N"mber #MSIS0N$ of the sen&er an& the receiving SMS center a&&ress are incl"&e&+ 4R4R!I ) 5abal%"r 22C

Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

1orwar&ing of M short messages+ he sen&ing SMS center a&&ress an& the International Mobile S"bscriber I&entit( #IMSI$ of the receiver are incl"&e& Ge Interface./ he Ge interface connects the SGSN to a Service Control -oint #SC-$ with C"stomi7e& !%%lications for Mobile Network 6nhance& Logic #C!M6L$) an& grants the SC- real/time control over s"bscriber service "sage on the SGSN+ he Ge interface enables the SC- to have real/time control over s"bscriber service "sage on the SGSN Gf Interface./ he Gf interface connects the SGSN to the 6'"i%ment I&entit( Register #6IR$+ Information is e*change& over the Gf interface thro"gh signals as s%ecifie& in the SSD signaling stan&ar& an& in the Mobile !%%lication -art #M!-$ stan&ar& Gn Interface./ he Gn interface is also "se& for mobilit( signaling between SGSNs) s"ch as transfer of Mobilit( Management #MM$ conte*t an& -0- conte*t at inter/SGSN Ro"ting !rea #R!$/ "%&ate) inter/SGSN Serving Ra&io Network S"bs(stem #SRNS$ relocation) inter/SGSN -acket/Switche& #-S$ han&over) an& inter/SGSN inter/Ra&io !ccess echnolog( #IR! $ -S he Gn interface connects the SGSN to other G-RS S"%%ort No&es #GSNs$ in the Home -"blic Lan& Mobile Network #H-LMN G% Interface./ the G% interface connects the SGSN to the GSNs in other -"blic Lan& Mobile Networks #-LMNs$+ he G% interface allows an MS to roam between -LMNs #inter/-LMN roaming Gr interface./ he Gr interface connects the SGSN to Home Location Registers #HLRs he main %"r%ose of the Gr interface is to s"%%ort roaming of Mobile Stations #MSs$ b( allowing the HLR to kee% track of their locations an& to %rovi&e the SGSN with s"bscriber an& a"thentication &ata Gs Interface./ he Gs interface connects the SGSN to the &atabases in the Mobile Switching Center) Visitor Location Register #MSC/VLR$+ 4R4R!I ) 5abal%"r 22D

Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

It is base& on broa&ban&) narrowban&) an& Internet -rotocol #I-$/carrie& Signaling S(stem No+ D #SSD$ in the SGSN he Gs interface is "se& to coor&inate the location information of mobile s"bscribers who are attache& to both G-RS an& Circ"it Switche& #CS$ networks+ ! network that s"%%orts the Gs interface can coor&inate circ"it/switche& an& %acket/switche& Mobilit( Management #MM$ %roce&"res) s"ch as attaches an& location "%&ates+ In a&&ition) all CS %aging to combine&/attache& Mobile Stations #MSs$ is %erforme& from the MSC/VLR over the Gs interface he Gs interface allows the SGSN to s"%ervise the %erio&ic location "%&ates thro"gh Ro"ting !rea #R!$ "%&ating) instea& of Location !rea #L!$ "%&ates as manage& b( the MSC/VLR+ It also allows the MSC/VLR to s"mmon the SGSN for information abo"t its ne*t ra&io contact with an MS) for e*am%le) when triggering the &eliver( of a Short Message Service I" Interface./ he I" interface connects the SGSN to Ra&io Network Controllers #RNCs$ an& to Mobile Stations #Mss$+ he I" interface connects the SGSN to MSs an& RNCs) as I- %ackets an& signaling are transferre& between the MSs an& the -acket 0ata Network #-0N$) which can be either lease& or &e&icate&+ he comm"nication is s%lit into a "ser %lane) I"/A) for %a(loa& traffic) an& a control %lane) I"/C) for signaling traffic+ he "ser %lane "ses the G-RS "nneling -rotocol / Aser %lane #G -/A$ I- t"nneling %rotocol for comm"nication between the RNCs an& the SGSN Lg Interface./ he Lg interface connects the SGSN to the Gatewa( Mobile Location Centre #GMLC he Lg interface %rovi&es forwar&ing of MS location &ata to the GMLC he main %"r%ose of the Lg interface is to transfer Mobile Station #MS$ location &ata from the SGSN to the Gatewa( Mobile Location Centre #GMLC$+ Onl( the c"rrent Cell Global I&entit( #CGI$ or Service !rea I&entifier #S!I$ is sent as location &ata for GSM an& =C0M! S(stems) res%ectivel( Gb Interface./ he Gb interface connects the SGSN to the 4ase Station S(stem #4SS$ an& connects the SGSN to the Mobile Stations #MSs$+ It is base& on 1rame Rela( or Internet -rotocol #I-$+ Gb over 1rame Rela( an& Gb over I- is s"%%orte& sim"ltaneo"sl() b"t each 4SS m"st be connecte& "sing 1rame Rela( One Gb interface instance e*ists between the SGSN an& each -acket Control Anit #-CA$ in the 4SS+ he main feat"re for the Gb interface is to transfer signaling an& %a(loa& between the SGSN an& the 4SS) an& between the SGSN an& the 4R4R!I ) 5abal%"r 22E

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0ifferent -IAs are "se& for Gb over 1rame Rela( an& Gb over IGn interface Connects G!RS S$""ort Nodes (GSNs) within the same !$blic *and Mobile Networ# (!*MN) o(er a G!RS bac#bone networ#.

Gp interface

Connects the SGSN to GGSNs and SGSNs located in other !*MNs.

Gom interface

Connects +"eration , Maintenance (+,M) e-$i"ment to the SGSN' ma#ing it "ossible for an o"erator to comm$nicate with the SGSN. n addition' it can be $sed to connect the SGSN with billing s&stems and ser(ice nodes residing within its own !*MN. The Gom interface is an .ricsson "rod$ct. t is not defined in the Third Generation !artnershi" !ro/ect ()G!!) standards' b$t is based on standard nternet .ngineering Tas# 0orce ( .T0) "rotocols.

Gb interface

Connects the SGSN to 1ase Station Controllers (1SCs) in the GSM for "a&load trans"ort and signaling. Traffic o(er the Gb interface can also be trans"orted o(er 0rame Rela&' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this doc$ment.

Iu-U interface

Designates the $ $ser "lane' connects the SGSN to Radio Networ# Controllers (RNCs) in the 2CDM3 Radio 3ccess Networ# (R3N) for "a&load trans"ort.

Iu-C interface

Designates the $ control "lane' connects the SGSN to RNCs in the 2CDM3 R3N for signaling. Signaling o(er the $C interface can also be trans"orted o(er broadband SS4' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this doc$ment.

Gr interface

Connects the SGSN to the 5ome *ocation Registers (5*Rs). Signaling o(er the Gr interface can also be trans"orted o(er broadband and narrowband SS4' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this doc$ment.

Gs interface

4R4R!I

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Connects the SGSN to the Mobile Ser(ices Switching Center' 6isitor *ocation Register (MSC76*R). Signaling o(er the Gs interface can also be trans"orted o(er broadband and narrowband SS4' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this

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Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _ doc$ment.

Gd interface

Connects the SGSN to both the Short Message Ser(ice Gatewa& Mobile ser(ices Switching Center (SMS-GMSC) and the Short Message Ser(ice nterwor#ing Mobile ser(ices Switching Center (SMS- 2MSC). Signaling o(er the Gd interface can also be trans"orted o(er broadband and narrowband SS4' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this doc$ment.

Ge interface

Connects the SGSN to the Ser(ice Control !oint (SC!) with C$stomi8ed 3""lications for Mobile Networ# .nhanced *ogic (C3M.*). Signaling o(er the Ge interface can also be trans"orted o(er broadband and narrowband SS4' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this doc$ment.

Gf interface

Connects the SGSN to the .-$i"ment dentit& Register (. R). Signaling o(er the Gf interface can also be trans"orted o(er broadband and narrowband SS4' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this doc$ment.

Lg interface

Connects the SGSN to the Gatewa& Mobile *ocation Centre (GM*C)' "ro(iding MS location information from the !*MN. Signaling o(er the *g interface can also be trans"orted o(er broadband and narrowband SS4' b$t it is not within the sco"e of this doc$ment.

GGSN
he GGSN RB %ro&"ct is base& on the 5"ni%er M;3 Ro"ter+ In the GSM an& =C0M! networks) the GGSN %rovi&es an interface between the SGSN #towar&s the MSs$ an& -acket 0ata Networks#-0Ns$) s"ch as the Internet) cor%orate intranets) an& %rivate &ata networks+ I&entifie& b( an !ccess -oint Name #!-N$) -0Ns are often referre& to as !-N networks or 9"st !-Ns+ ! single GGSN can be connecte& to a large n"mber of SGSNs an& a large n"mber of !-N networks+ It %erforms all of these f"nctions sim"ltaneo"sl( for man( MSs he GGSN %rovi&es the following services. Session Management+ &(namic I- a&&ress allocation+ hat is) connection to a -0N an& an SGSN) an&

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Core Network in GSM __________________________________________________________________________________ _

-a(loa& Han&ling+ hat is) en&/"ser information an& associate& &ata transfer control %roce&"res) for e*am%le) flow control) error &etection) error correction) an& error recover(+ !ccess f"nctions that connects e*ternal Internet Service -rovi&er #IS-$ f"nctions like ro"ters an& Remote !ccess 0ial/In Aser Service #R!0IAS$ servers that are "se& for sec"rit( %"r%oses+ Charging+ 1or each Mobile Station #MS$ the GGSN collects charging information) s"ch as the e*ternal &ata network "sage an& G-RS network reso"rces+ Service !ware Charging an& Control #S!CC$+ he GGSN "ses %acket ins%ection to classif( %a(loa& into services which are treate& in&ivi&"all( with regar& to a"thori7ation an& charging+ @"alit( of Service #@oS$ control+ 6nables the GGSN to treat Internet -rotocol #I-$ %ackets with res%ect to their traffic class) or service gro"%+

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