Thursday, February 10 Iron Warrior

A FORUM FOR ENGINEERING CONCEPTS

UW Engineering Admissions:
Who Are Accepted?
Over the past 15 years, the average maries of
Ontario secondary school students entering
engineering at the University of Wa terloo have
climbed steadily. This increase is caused partly
by the gradual inflation of grade 13 promotion
averages. More important is the factthat, with
increasing numbers of students applying for
the co-op program, the University's admission
standards for Year I have undoubtedly risen.
However, with these growing acceptance
marks, what type of students are being
admitted these days? Many believe that with
increasing acceptance marks, the incoming
frosh will be overemphasizing academic worle
whi le ignoring the tremendous variety of
universi .y extracurricular activities. The
engineering profession involves more thanju t
high marks in mathematics and science. Real-
world engineering requires effective written
and oral communication and the ability to
worle harmoniously with a wide range of
people. Therefore, one might wonder about
the extent to which nonacademic achieve-
ments are considered when admitting students
to the university.
Although admissions are largely based on
maries, they are not inflexible because theytalee
into account the qualityofthe high schoolsand
the activities of the individ ua!.
Students applying to engineering now
submit an "Engineering Choice Preference
Sheet". On it they indicate which of the six
Engineering departments are theirfirst,second
and third choices. This form also enables the
student to list any extracurricular activities
they are intensively involved in. Since in the
past there has been a tendency for General
Engineering students to crowd into Mechan-
ical and especially Electrical Engineering, the
enrollment for each department is now limited.
Consequently, Electrical Engineering, which
receives the highest number of applicants, has
the highest "cut-ofr mark (which will be
examined later). Applicants who are rejected
by their first choice of department may be
accepted by their second or third choices.
In many cases, the applicant's Grade 13
average (ADM) must be adjusted twice before
admission is offered. Firstly, all marks are
reduced by a factor which depends on the
quality of the applicant's secondary school.
The University determines this quality by
examining the drop in marks from Grade 13 to
Year I Engineering of other students from that
school over the last eight years. This drop in
maries has an average value of about-I 5 marks
but a range of about 20 marks. After this
adjustment No. I, Grade 13appJicantsforeach
of the six departments are ranked. The
majority of admissions are based on these
adjusted averages. A second adjustment is
applied to students with an adjusted average
between 2 marks above and 5 marks below the
"Cut off%" ofthedepartmentsappJied to. This
adjustment No.2, which ranges from 0-5
Table of Admissions Dota
ADM
Range Chem Civil Eled. Geol. Mech. Syst.Des.
95-100 1'8118 3/3 13/13 010 016 12/12 52/52
90-94.9 73/72 17/17 94/91 5/5 45/45 43/43 277/273
85-89.9 133/109 6(1 /62 160/90 9/10 107/88 71143
eD-84.9 1031'19 b:r 181)/17 36113 M'9 625/180
7579.9 63/1 6b/24 158/0 1912 130/9 4610 0482/36
70-74.9 39/0 36/ 0 97/0 11/0 6410 29/0 276/0
65-69. 9 1010 22/0 43/0 810 39/0 12/0 134/0
SO-64.9 3/0 14/0 27/0 510 15/0 510 69/0
442/219 309/189 780/211 103/38 571/1962621107 2467/900
Confirmed
Applicants - 17 22 51 3 36
June 1
July Target
Enrolment 137 167 167 32 167
Sept. Target
EnrOlment 130 160 160 30 160
Combined Effect of 1 st and 2nd Adjustments
Cut-oH% if
Ranked by
ADM
Number
rejected
above cutoff
Number

below cut-off
Chem.
. Civil
Elect. Geol. Mach.
85.2 78.8 86.5 62.8 84.0
21 12 36 7 38
22 12 36 7 37
ADM - Grade 13 average beforeadjusrmem
For entries in top chart, ratio: applications/
acceprance offers
reprinted from UW Guidelines, Fall 1982,
Vol. 10, No.3
16 145
eo 750
80 720
Syst.Des. TOTAL
86.5
17 131
17 i 131
r
marks, talees into account the individual's
background and extracurricular activities.
These activities may include part-time jobs,
athletics, student governments and ' com-
munity activities. Furthermore, Principal's
comments, maries in grades II and 12, par-
ticipation in science fairs and public speaking
contests and evidence of entrepreneurial in-
stincts can be used in this second adjustment.
After this adjustment No.2, applicants within
this 7 marks range are then re-ordered in the
ranking. The effects of these two adjustments
on the thecut-
off mark is shown in the Table of Admissions
Data. Over 260 students are affected by these
mark adjustments. While wit " - -
.'lverages over 90% were turned down from
Electrical Engineering, mafle adjustments
have enabled the admission of36students with
less than 80%.
These figures indicate that offers of
admission often depend on much more than a
Grade 13 average.
In addition, in examining the backgrounds
of individual Grade 13 students, UW must
evaluate the "non-Grade 13" applications
which come from mature students, Com-
munity College graduates and students from
other provinces. About 18% of Year I classes
will be filled by these people whose ap-
plications cannot be ranleed using formulae of
statistics. Furthermore, admissions officers
take the effort to advise unsuccessful
applicants on alternatives to Engineering at
Waterloo. For example, jUdging from the in-
formation sent by the applicant, they might
recommend applying to one of the many other
engineering schools.
Moreover, efforts may be made to increase
the effect of "adjustment No. 2"on admissions.
Although the average drop in marks from
secondary school to Year 1 engineering is
about -15%. the drop is smaller for those
accepted withmarksinthelowerrange. Hence,
the effort put into makingad'missions based on
adjustments due to extracurricular activities is
worthwhile. Professor Louis Bodnar, admis-
sions officer, informs us that the reliability and
importance of mark adjustments based on
student background and activities should be
improved in the future. For example, some
Toronto area applicants are now being asked
to submit two forms which outline the person's
character and activities. One form is to be filled
out by the applicant and the otherisa reference
provided by an adult friend. With more infor-
mation available on the activities of each
student, an increase in the range of the No.2
mark adjustment can be considered.
Therefore, although academic acceptance
standards will likely remain high, efforts will
continue to be put into closely evaluating the
many borderline students in terms of extra-
curricular activities.
Bob Costen, 3B EE
2
Iron Warrior
Thursday, February 10
From
The Image
The President's Desk
of the Engineer
These mid-term editorials are always the most difficult to write. Most ofthetypical topics such The word engineer brings to mind the image of the beer drinking, rowdy, egotistical, and
as course critiques, elections, thank you's, jobs etc. just don't seem to apply. However, it seems perhaps even obnoxious person. Yet this is notat all what an engineer is like. Although it perhaps
perhaps that wecan't sce the forest . through the trees. Let's take acouple of steps back and havea does describe some engineering students, it does not describe the professional engineer. Where,
look trom the outside Instead of from the all too familiar insider's view then, does this image of the engineering student come from?
Ever wonder. . . This view is certainly not how we see ourselves, yet this image is still present. Why is it here? In
I. Who gives you this paper and Enginews every month. .,some cases the description does fit, yet this is only a minority. The stereotyped version of what an
2. Who puts up those banners and posters advertising events. engineer is like still exists across campus.
3. Who 1 runs C&D and the POETS Pub. Part of this image comes from the way the Engineering Society projects this image. Take for
4. Who presents some of the best special and athletic events on campus. example, the EngSoe handbook. To go along with this, also consider what the frosh are told
5. Who stands up in front of your class every second week and takes 5-10 minutes of verbal abuse during orientation. The Engineering Society gives a description of what an engineer should be
just to tell his/ her classmates what's going on. like. Then they encourage the frosh to Jive up to that image. The question that we should ask
Ever think that that's all there is to Engineering Society? Are we more, should we be more? Is ourselves is, "Is this really how we want the rest of the world to see us?"
Eng Soc a bunch of thirty people who think they're better than everybody else or does Eng Socdo There is nothing wrong with considering ourselves the best; but the best what? In terms of in
what its members want it to do? Do we know what's going on in the classes - academically and class behaviour, the engineeringstudentscertainlyare not the best. Infact,engineersare probably
socially? Do you know? I'm supposed to b.e in charge and sometimes J wonder?? among 'the rudest students on campus. They are possibly the only group that throw paper
Eng Soc is at a cross-roads with about five directions (do nothing alternatives not included) airplanes. (although that does not seem to be occuring as much lately). Consider the difference
available to pursue. Which way we go in the next while is anybody's guess. Eng Soc has been between a class filled with engineers and one with very few engineers. Inanengineeringclass, if the
growing for a long time and won't be able to grow much farther unless we change a few things lecture gets boring(orpeople begin to lose interest) they starttalking to each other. This is not only
around. rude to the professor, but also to their fellow classmates who are still tryingto listen. Inaclass with
As an example look at the C&D stand. Currently the sta nd grosses approximately $ I ,100 a few engineers, even though the lecture may get boring, the people still listen. Even if they are not
day in the winter and fall and about $1,000 a day in the summer. A few quick calculations show interested, they at least show the amount of respect and courtesy that is due the professor.
that its per annum gross is in the order of $200,000.00. That's a lot of coffee. Five years ago the The engineer's image also appears to be presented in Enginews. Although we do not take
C&D stand was a shoestring operation outside the Eng Soc office door. We've hit the limit unless ourselves seriously here, we still must be aware of the fact that there are those who take this image
radical changes are made. What aboutenlarging the C&Dinto the CP H foyer?$IO,OOO - $15,000 seriously and believe what is printed.
has been bantered about what do you think? What about Rob Cooper, the guy who runs it? The description of the engineer as the beer drinking, rowdy. egotistical and obnoxious person
Think he should be paid it is pretty much of a small business and he does a good job at it. perhaps describes a minority of the engineering students. Yet this minority is the most visible and
Similar questions can be raised about Eng Soc itself? Are pubs and profsall there is to UW? Why the most heard. Perhaps it is time for us to considerthe image we wish to present to the rest of the
can't Eng Soc get going on this or that. IS the W BS out. Should Enginews stay - some poeple campus. After all, the picture painted here is not ve ry pretty, is it?
think it should go ... do you?
We've got to start talking about these things. Not just in the halls between classes but also as a
group. Let's all talk (frosh, I'm gone in three months, you've got four more years), about what to
do now, for the future.
Aaron Sandler
New Ideas for the QEMF
Unreachable Government
Canada is governed by a remote unreach-
able government in Ottawa. Our political laws
Moi;l.; ____ .... ltrItborlawyersforlawyers. Therefore ,
only a select few are making the decisions
about Canada's future; the constituents are
Virtuall y excluded from this These
bureaucrats often makc deCisions (especially
thescdays)thatare unwanted by the populancc
they govern. [hey fling our money around to
various programmes and groups as they
please, under the false pretence that the
government knows best to do with our hard-
earned money. The people of Canada and of
other democratic countries are skeptical of a
bureaucracy over which they exercise so little
control.
QEM imilar
The Quality of Ed ucation Maintenance
Fund committee was to be just anolher such
unreachable government. I he committee was
to take fifty dollars from each eligible
cnglOcering student and to allot the money to
various,engineering projects as they saw fit.
The common student (the majority)had nosay
as to where his money was spent; there existed
no democracy. The QEMF formal draft
prepared by the then Eng Soc president stated
The Iron Warrior is a publication of the Engineering Society liB" at the
University of Waterloo, It's purpose is 10 promote professional
awarenes the Engineering Faculty and to inform Engineers of the
Society Activities.
Mailing Address: Iron Warrior
c/o Eng Soc B
University of Waterloo
Waterloo. Ontario
Director of Publications
Managing Editor
Editor
Production Manager
Advertising Managers
Photography
Dave Williams
Aaron Sandler
Scott Sorli
Norm Kummer
Frank Gerencser
Rod' Van Kessenich
Mike Thomas
Herb Chong
Paul Gabber
Layout Bob Costen
Eric Dormer
Ken Jones
Ruth Higginson
Cathy Sterle
Larry Borsato
Larry LeMesurier
The Iron Warrior is typeset at Imprint and printed at Webman Press.
that the members of the QEM F committee
were to be selected by Eng Soc. If there were
many that ad aspis'ations to sit oq the QEM F
co te , then the committee would be
almost impervious to them; Eng Soc may even
have patronized friends (let's hope not,
though). Those that were not willing to invest
their time on a QEMF committee, which is
reason enough, were to resign themselves to
having 7ero domination over their own fifty
dollars (indeed, the QEMF proposal never did
require equal representation, nor did it require
the committee members to reflect their
"constituent's" views as opposed to their own
personal views).
Proposal fo.r
Helping Engineering Faculty
It has been estimated that engineering
students only pay 16% of the university'S
expenditures for our education. If it is true that
the Faculty of Engineering lacks funds for
worthwhile equipment and projects, then for
us to pay a little more is not unreasonable. The
writer proposes thefollowing funding arrange-
menent.
AFTER approval of the Faculty of
Engineering's annual budget, both Eng Socs
should evaluate whether financial assistance
should be extended to the facultyforthat fiscal
year. Students should each contribute their
fifty dollars under the same exemption rulesas
with QEM F (they were fair) except tQat
ex.empted students need not paytheirdonation
at registration (maximum number of accum-
ulated donations per student - 7). The
departments should submit to the students
proposals of programmes they would like
funded, stating purpose and desired dollar
amount. Each desired amount becomes the
ceiling for its project's account. Contributing
engineering students should have one month to
analyze the proposals. The students should
decide to which project accounts their fifty
dollars are to go, and assign their money in the
proportions they please (democracy). Once the
ceiling is reached, students yet to assign their
money should be notified the account is full (a
short real-time computer programme can
easily perform all the bookkeeping functions
required), but should still bcable to-contribute
to that account. Unassigned money should be
appropriated according to the assigned money
proportions (extrapolated democracy) until
account ceilings are reached. There should be a
formal ceremony, open to the public
(especially the contributors), at which the
students' representattves hand over the money
to the beads of all the programmes assisted.
Conditions of financial assistance:
a) money handed over in cash ordraft so that
no amounts enter university finance sheets
b) the programme heads agree to spend
money as per their proposals (within reason)
c} at the end of the term the programme heads
furnish to Eng Soc and all students a listing of
how their money was spent, detailing
equipment bought and serial numbers, as well
as a listing of their university funded
expenditures.
The idea of this action is to help our Faculty
of Engineering when in a tight financial
squeeze, but to do so in a way that caters to the
students' interests (it's our money!). May we
call this the Engineering Faculty Assistance
Program (EFAP)? I
Ideas for Improving Education
The above proposal contains no guarantee
of improving Waterloo's engineering educat-
ion. Below are ideas which may be considered
for action towards actually improving edu-
cation.
1) Restrict projects in above proposal to those
that upgrade undergraduate laboratories or
classrooms (including building costs and
equipment).
2) Halve class sizes. Fiftyorso people perclass
is plenty. This can be accomplished two ways:
a) hire double as many teaching professors
(that are interested in teaching),
b) have simultaneous instruction of two half
classes by the professor and a (good) teaching
assistant, alternating the professor and the
teaching assistant every class period.
3) Construct a building containing short wide
classrooms without lighting nor acoustical
problems; use the Engineering Lecture Hall
only for tutorials.
4) Assign pointed homework assignments
that gradually develop understanding of
material, as opposed to requiring complete
understanding before questions can be started.
5) Change tutorials to workshops (of longer
duration, maybe one per afternoon orevening)
with time and atmosphere for doing useful
questions, and a teaching assistant to help
individuals overcome difficult points(likeGen
E 114).
Michael Jensen
38 EE Workterm
Thursday, February 10
Iron Warrior 3
No one can predict realistically long this rece sion will last and I will not hazard a guess.
Ho\\.e\"er, it i obvious it will not turn around overnightand we may have to seriously review our
requirements further to reflect the realityofthe ituation.1 will certainly keep you informed of our
idea and di cu ions.
I appreciate the concern you indicated for the faculty by the large turnout and support of the
QEMF proposal. By now ou know that the Fall stream, while obtaining a majority vote for
QEMF. failed to obtain the nece sary66% required to ratify the proposal. There is nodoubtthat
these fund would have ea ed the bottleneck that the faculty (as well as the universityis facing).
Thee i obviousl struggling to limit the growth of its expenditures and this policy is not local noris
it temporary. Tuition charges will be held to a 5% maximum increase this year as a result of the
Wage Re traint Act. but they will obviouslyri ethefollowingyear. Theminimumyoucanexpect
would be at lea t equal to the co t of living index, which i difficult to forecast. However, even
!Uition hikes will only marginally help the faculty as the fee are paid to the university.
It is obvious that the impact of the microproce sor on all engineeringdi ciplines is tremendous
and engineering school everywhere are grappling with the problem of providing hands on
experience. Ho\ ever, the cost of this technologyi expensive and universityfundingdoes not take
into account thi rather dramatic new requirement. everal institutions in the U.S. are now
requiring all students to buy their own minicomputer just as they require textbooks. Othersare
putting in placea special u er fec to pa_ for maintenance and materials,elc. associated with the
computer equipment - a nominal amount. 1 am not sugge ting we do either at this time, but I
welcome your sugge tions.
In order to fo ter more communication between students and m self. I will set up several
general meetings per term to discus current concerns and issues.
New Co-operative
Work Term Requirements
The employment situation for this winter term has been the worst we have ever experienced and
there doesn't appear to be any indication that the situation will improve for some time. Winter is,
historically, more difficult than spring or fall, but we have never experienced a situation such as
this. As of mid-January, there were still nearly 300 of 1410 engineering students without co-op
jobs. Canada is facing its most difficult period in over thirty years.
Many students have asked what will happen if, through nofaultoftheirown, theydo not obtain
a co-op job this term and / or next term - how will this affect their degree program? It is obvious
that students should not be penalized for circumstances over which they have no control and we
may, out of necessity, reduce the number of required work terms, This will be handled on an
individ ual basis involving this faculty and the Department of Co-ordination. We will still req uire
four satisfactory work term reports, so it maybe necessary for you to research a topic onyourowll
rather than write about a topic related to your work experience.
I can assure you that the Department of Co-ordination is making an all-out effort to findjobs.
Many faculty are using their research funds to employ students. Eve'ry possibility is being
explored. The Co-ordination Department has adopted a policy "for hard times" involving the
following:
1. The most important resource the Department has for the development of jobs is the 8,800
names on the co-operative employer file. The co-ordinators will continue to blitz these
people by phone or visit them to round up as many jobsas possible. Included in this number
are 1,700 actively participating employers. The remainder employed students at some time in
the past or are potential employers for the future.
2. To ensure enough time to contact all prospective employers, co-ordinators will be making
student visits only where necessaryor wherejobdevelopmentcan be com \:tined witha studenl I
visit. ,
3. There are literally hundreds of federal and provincial government aid schemes to assist em-
ployers in hiring people. Most of these are notappropriateforco-op students; however, we
have sifted through the various schemes and basic information kits have been provided to the
co-ordinators on those that seem applicable forthe hiring of co-op students. Ashort write-up
wrovided with appropriate telephone numbers forfollow-up. The number of aid schemesin
the kit is fifteen. Information on government funding program has been sent to over 50
employers who have expressed an interest in these aid schemes.
4. Until now, the "contract hiring" of co-op students by employers has not been promoted by
the co-ordinators. We have developed a procedure which simplifies the handling of such
contracts. All co-ordinators have been provided with a kit of information to assist them in
promoting this concept. A number of government agenciesand departmentshaveexpres ed
an interest in this concept. By mid-January, more than 80 students are working through the
"contract" route.
5. The Co-ordination Department has hired two student co-ordinators for the winter term.
Their prime duties will be to directly contact unplaced students. This will relieve the
placement specialists and co-ordinators in this area.
6. The Waterloo Advisory Council has offered its solid support to the University in our search
for jobs. A special sub-committee of the Advisory Council has been formed to assist us. It is
expected that the committee will provide us witha perspective that we may miss. In addItion.
the committee has taken an active role in approaching employers at a very senior level.
7. Notices of advertisements have been placed in several professional magazines advising the
readers that co-op students will be available fort he winter work term. This was done ona very
limited scale in the past, with positive effects. Such magazines include the APEO
Dimensions, Chemistry in Canada, the Chartered Accounting Monthly Newsletter and the
Northern Miner.
8. A meeting was held with the Directors of the co-operative education programs from
Memorial University, Universite de Sherbrooke and Ecole de Technologie Superieure,
Universite de Quebec. Ideas were shared on solutions to findingjobs for co-op students.
9. Where it appears appropriate, co-ordinators have suggested the possibility of job sharing.
Some employers have already expressed an interest in this. The possibilities suggested
include two students sharing a single job for two month periods of the term, two students
sharing a job mornings and afternoons for the entire term, or four students working in a
location sharing three pay cheques. Obviously, many other combinations are possible.
10. Students who have personal connections for finding jobs are being encouraged to pursue
this option. Normally, we wait until the end of term before we suggest to students that they
also look for ajob on their own, as well as using our resources.
II. Our recent participation in the recent local Industrial and Business Show had some positive
effects. Although the attendance was not large, a number of individuals made enquiries
about the possibility of hiring students for their organizations.
12. Although our major effort is devoted to seeing that it does not become necessary, we have
accumulated information regarding unemployment insurance. At the appropriate time, we
will advise unplaced students when, and how, to apply for this government assistance.
13. An article was published in the lastedition of WEAL, which is the newsletterfor the Engin-
eering Alumni. This article gives a rundown on the job situation for Engineering students
during the fall term as well as prospects for the winter term. The article asks the alumni to
advise us of possible jobs for co-op students.
14. We are receiving a great number of suggestions from around campusand weare following up
on them all to determine their feasibility in our present situation.
15. All departments within the University community have been encouraged to hire co-op stu-
dents wherever possible for temporary, part-time or full-time positionsandjobsare opening
Best wishes. W. C. Lennox
Dean of Engineering
Engineering Special
2 - 6 p.nt.
Monday to Sunday
$1 per large draft
I & II
1372 Weber St. East (Acro&8 from HiWay Markel}576-5160
385 Frederick St. Mall, Kitchener 578-4910
Accommodation
(or Spring
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Single Room
5850
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Each resIdent Is requIred to
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week, The dutlet Vlry from
serving dtnner to wuhlng
noors, from t.kln: minutes
at meetings to making minor
repairs. Workinc together
and sharing responsibility
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strong tense of community,
characteristic of the Co-op
residtnces.
esidences
Co-op offers you
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Accommodation
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upinthisareaeveryday. .. .................................................................... ..
4
Iron Warrior Thursday, February 10
The Sandford Fleming Foundation
The Sandford Fleming Foun-
dation is namedin honour of one of
Canada's greatest engineers. Born
in 1827, he was the inventor of the
Standard Time Zone System, the
designer of our first postal stamp
and the chief engineer of the Inter-
colonial Railway. His involve-
ment in education included 3,1
years as Chancellor of Queen's
University and his activities in the
Royal Canadian Institute. Sir
Sandford Flemi ng's many ac-
complishments and work typified
the blending of practice and
theo ry which is at' he heart of co-
operative engineering education.
The Sandford Fleming Foun-
dat ion was formed with the
overall goal of encouraging co-
operation between industry and
uni versities in the training of
engineering students. The ul-
timate intent of all of the Foun-
dation's acti vities is to improve
the quality of engineering in
industry by promoting co-oper-
ative education and by develop-
ing new modes of interaction
between industry and the educat-
ional institute.
The Foundation was set up by a
group of senior faculty members
and students of the Faculty of
Engineering at this university.
The three major contributors of
funds to the Sandford Fleming
Foundation are: the engineering
students at Waterloo, through a
per term fee; the faculty and staff
at the university; and industry.
Funds obtained from Waterloo
students, faculty and staff are
used to support the Awards and
Grants Programme while the
Industrial Visitors Programme is
financed from industrial don-
ations.
Graduate Tuition Grant
Awarded to outstanding
graduates of a co-operative en-
gineering programme who are
proceeding to a M. A. Sc.
programme in engineering.
Travel Grants
In order to encourage stu-
dents to present papers at tech-
nical conferences, the Foun-
dation makes available two
travel grants per year.
Loan Funds
The Foundation administers
an emergency student loan
fund which provides short-
term, interest free loans to
students in financial need.
AwPtl'd for Teaching
Msistantship Excellence
The presentation of this
A wal'd is to acknowledge ex-
cellence in the work of Teach-
ing Assistants in Engineering
at Waterloo. This $300 award
will be given to a teaching
assistant involved with cour-
ses for each of the Depart-
ments:
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Systems Design
and from First Year Engin-
eering. The period for choiGf
will be from September 1 fo
August 31.
Each term, the Engineering
Society will ask each class in
TIDE
Toronto Jndependant
Dance Enterprise ,
Performance: Saturday, February 26, 1983
Theatre of the Arts 8:00 p.m. $5.00
Reception Afterwards
Sponsored by Dance and Engineering
(Remember Pub at SCH, Friday Feb. 25, 1983)
1/2 Price Movie Coupon
Rent a VCR & one movie at our regular rate ($10.00 for
24 hours) and we'll give you an extra movie for 1/2 price
(reg. $6.(0)
i i jTJJ
UIDEO MOUIE HOUSE
i 11
SOO Albert St. N. Parkdale Plaza
Waterloo 884-1441
VaUd Mon. thru Thurs. until March 10,1983
each department and in First
Year to select one of its current
teaching assistants as a can-
didate for the Award. Each
member of the class will be
asked to fill out a common
questionnaire intended to as-
sess the candidate's perform-
ance and commitment to teach-
ing. The Professor being as-
sisted by the candidate will
also be asked to submit a state-
ment on behalf of the can-
didate. The information about
all candidates will be compiled
by Eng Soc and submitted to the
appropriate Department and to
the Associate Dean for Under-
graduate Studies in the case of
First Year so that a winner can
be selected from each list of
candidates. Candidates must
be enrolled as either graduates
or undergraduates in Engin-
eering at Waterloo and may
receive no more than one
award.
The Engineerium
In 1978, the Foundation re-
ceived a grant from Ontario
Hydro, the Niagara Parks Com-
mission and Wintari o to in-
vestigate the use of the Electric
Development Company's gen-
erating station at Niagara Falls
as an engineering museum. The
donated funds were used to de-
termine the feasibility of a self-
supporting public educational
centre and museum to trace the
industria and technological
his tor . of anada.
The actual exhibit is cur-
rently in the planning stage and
is intended to be a combination
of active displays and archival
collections including some of
the writings of Sir Sandford
Fleming. The museum is ex-
pected to foster study and
research into the growth and
social impact of engineering as
well as presenting a variety of
exhibits designed to
maximum public participation
for education and enjoyment.
Sandford
Educational Press
The Press is a self-supporting
ancillary enterprise of the foun-
dation and its purpose is to
publish educational, technical and
engineering materials. These may
take the form of texts, conference
proceedings, works for the en-
gineering profession and research
monographs. The immediate ob-
j ecti ve at Waterloo has been to
provide technically current in-
structional material that applies
directly to the courses taken by
students.
Industrial Visitors
Industrial visitors are short-
term resource people who
pate in tutorial sessions and
classroom presentations. Their
goal is to provide the students
with some exposure to industry's
application of the knowledge and
skills that are taught in the
classroom. It is an important part
of their visit that they interaot
with undergraduates , graduates
and faculty in order to relate real-
world experience to the lecture-
room setting.
Thursday, February 10
Apple Oones and
6502 Generics
Advances in Road Design
ONe of the hottest topics for micro-
computer hobbyists these days is the wave of
Apple clones that are hitting the market. The
experts in the area know all about them, but to
the rest of us it isstill somewhat ofa mystery. So
I looked around to find out more about them.
and this is what I found:
The First Apple
The first Apple computer was designed
about 8 years ago by Steve Wozniak and Steve
Job in California. Since that time, the basic
de ign has changed only trivially and the Apple
has become a synonym for home-computer.
The Apple uses a 6502 micro-processor to do
all of its thinking and is usually programmed in
BASIC. It provides for a pleasant computer
environment and has nice looking high resol-
ution graphics.
The Eur Apple
After the Apple had been put on the orth
American market, it didn't take long before a
European model was developed. The Euro-
pean model, called the EurApple has es-
sentially the comp.uting capabilities but a
different video output. European TV sets have
different signal requirements and the different
video output provides the correct format.
The First Hobby Clone
A couple years back, a number of Eur Apple
printed circuit boards were disposed of very
cheaply in California. These were blank
printed circuit boards for the European
Apples, but withoutanycomponentsmounted
on them. Some hobbyist soon modified these
board so they could be used in North America,
and after adding all the required components,
they built the first Apple clones. Legally, there
was no problem as these were completely
legitimate boards, which were sold as scrap by
Apple.
The First Commercial Clone
At approximately the same time, Franklin,a
US company, produce the first commerical
.. Apple 11 emulator". The ACE loo could run
all Apple programs and could accommodate
all Apple peripherals (optional components).
The first ACE machines were in black and
white, but after some more work they also
ma naged to prod uce a colour version. The only
real difference between the real Apple and the
ACE was its external appearance. Legally.
there were some lawsuits against Franklin. but
because the ACE had made ome trivial mod-
ifications. Franklin i likely off the hook.
Eastern Clones
In late 1982, a number of newer clones came
on the market which not only had the same
insides as the original Apple, but which also
had virtually the ame outside appearance.
These were generally imported from the East
and the Golden II is typical of them. Rep-
resentatives of these firms indicate that legal
investigations have uncovered no infringe-
ments on Apple's claims by this system.
Local Clones
Recently, a number of different people ha ve
gotten on the band wagon. and Apple look
alike printed circuit boards arc being built
everywhere. Some are imported from the Far
East, but others are produced in Ottawa, Scar-
borough and in some Toronto basements.
Right now there are a variety of sources for the
boards and a hobbyist has the option of trying
the individual components on his own, or
getting complete kits which already haveall the
components together in one bag. More
recently, packages have been sold which are
already partly assembled and need only be put
IOto a case WIth a power supply and keyboard.
Prospective Customers
The idea of putting together one's own
Apple is very appealing to most, but a couple of
words of caution should be given. The variety
of sources of equipment have an equally
varying range of quality. Some clones are as
good, when constructed, as the original.
Others can cause a lot of headaches, to say the
least. Building an Apple clone is no task for a
beginner and can be somewhat of a challenge,
even to a regular amateur.
A Final Word
If this article has inspired ou!o take a
further investigation of the subject: tlere are a
numher of studentsoncampus who have either
built or are selling clones. Carefully consult
with them. In addition, find a copy of Elec-
tronics Today International and read more
about clones, as I did. The Canadian magazine
carries numerous clone advertisements and
provides some detailed articles on the subject.
Michael Van Aerde
4B Civil
While the field of tran portation encom-
passes all mode of travel and good
mo\ements. generally, tran portation engin-
eer arebe tknownforthelrinvol\'ementinthe
design. maintenance and operationofhighway
facilities. This article de cribes how n.'ccnt
changes in oureconomvand environment ha\ c
changed the empha i. 'of theIr actl\ itie. from
facility design to facility management .
Traditionall). transportation engineers
called upon to design ne", highways whene\er
the traffic demand had. or was expected. to
exceed the limits of the present network . Both
the financiaL land and building material
re!>ources ,\ere \ irlllally unlimited. and new
highwa}s were buIlt on demand. Recently.
however, finances have become more
restricted and additional land to build new
. roads is becoming scarce. Similarly. the once
unlimited supply of asphalt is rapidlydepleting
as oil wells run dry. This changing economic
environment has changed the role of the trans-
portation engineer from a designer of
highways to a manager of highway facilities.
On rural roads, the traditional trend was to
uprade 2-lane highways to 4 lanes, for the
entire length, even when only one section was
critical. More recent trends have been towards
less costly solutions. Passing lanes were
provided in critical sections or pa ed shoulders
were introd uced to provide improved traffic
flows. Also considered was the addition of only
one lane in each direction. In thiscase the extra
lane was alternated between the two direc-
tions. It was only when no intermediate
solution was possible. that the twinningofboth
lanes was considered, ane:! even then dual lanes
were only provided for sections.
In urban areas, land is even more at a
premium. Here improvements in traffic
operations are preferred to construction as
there is usually no room for any addition of
lanes. As traffic in cities is controlled by traffic
operations are most commonly
improved through the use of traffic light
synchronization strategies. It is the aim of the
traffic engineers to offset the green phaseofthe
lights, along a given roule, an such a manner II. '
to allow trafftc progre sion. LJnder ideal
conditions, vehicles encounter only green
lights, once they have ynchroni/ed,and delay,
stops, fuel consumptions and accid nts are
minimized.
Traffic progression is very complicated as it
Want an interesting
assignment
when you graduate?

Cedars
of
Lebanon
Then think CUSO. We can offer two-
year placements in the developing
world for:
Valentine's Day
is difficult to obtain perfect synchronization
for both mainline and opposing direction
traffic when cro s-street need to be provided
for As are. ult, current work is focussed on
improving computer algorithms which will
calculate the optimum offsets for large traffic
network. Work is also conducted on traffic
control computers. which must execute thecal-
culated and send the signals to the
traffic light in the field .
The design t)f actual road surfaces is also
undergomg major changes. For new roads,
thin pa\cments with plastic reinforcementsarc
investigated as for the tradition-
all, much thid..er de igns made of onl}
a phalt. Reinforced pavements, In a fashion
similar to reinforced concrete. aid in the con-
servation of construction materials. Even in
the maintenance of old roads has the use of
conservation become an important challenge.
Traditionally old pavements were broken up
and disposed of, but now these materials are
recycled. Old asphault is reheated, and when
combined with some new materials, can be re-
applied.
A review of the changes in the /lrea of
highway design, indicates that the role of
transportation engineers has altered
drastically during the last decade. The des-
igners of new highways have become the
managers of existing facilities in viewoflimited
resources. While their tasks might have
become more difficult, they have definitely
al 0 become more challenging.
Michel Van Aerde
48 Civil
PEKING
EXPRESS
Luncheon Special:
$2.95
Corner of University
and Phillip
11:30 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. daily
McMASTER UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Business
Civil engineers with experience in
small structure design, road
construction, sewage or irrigation
systems.
Mechanical engineers with farm
machinery back-ground (diesel ,
heavy duty equipment,
hydraulics).
The pay will be low ($4,000 -$8,000
per annum), but you'll get lots of
experience and responsibility and
the chance to try your hand at what
you've been learning all these years.
For more information attend a public
meeting:
At The Cedars oj Lebanon
Friends and Lovers,
Come and Celebrate With Us
On Monday, February 14th
Experience the authentic taste of the Middle
East. Enjoy delicious house specialties in our
warm, comfortable surroundings. Valentine's
we are featuring 3 belly dancers in the
Mediterranean Room downstairs, just for the
McMaster'S M.B.A. Co-op Program combines
classroom learning with on-the-job training. By
experiencing a wide range of business areas prior
to graduation, students can improve the quality of
their career decisions. This combination of
academic studies and business experience is very
attractive to employers.
Monday, February 14 at 7:30
Rm. 232 South Campus Hall
CUSO Factoral-N9 Program
Room 234A, South Campus Hall
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1
885-1211 Ext. 3144
. occasion. Our Valentine's Special Feature:
A Complete J'tdentine's Dinner For Two
IIt!:IutlinI t1ppetiurs, mtr, dessert and coffee
1O,.,1nfIy prked lit only $29.95 per Couple.
UW Studmts RWIve " JI% Di.u:out!
Entrees from our dinner menu
will also be available,
Be sure to try our Valentine's Night Cocktails
created especially for the oa:asion!
Reservations Are Recommended
Call 742-4322
Pion Now 'To Attend, You Deseve The Best!
For further information on the Co-op Program or
McMaster's other options (fuff or part-time M.B.A.
programs) please write or call:
Co-ordinator, M.B.A. Co-op Program
Faculty of Bu.'""
McMaster Unlv .... 1ty
1280 Main St. Welt, Hamilton, Ontario
LaS 4M4 (416) 525-9140, ext. 4611
co-op AT McMASTER
6
Iron Warrior
Thursday, February 10
* IIFIRST-RATE RATES" *
There are no fees Wllh our Deposll Plant or Guaranleed Ralt Plan So If you are not receIVIng
Ihe benefIt of a NoFees R5P at your bank. lransfer ydlil ,present RSP to a Commerce
NoFees plan now and UV'
*IITWO EXCELL TPLANS*
*IIDEADLINE MARCH t
sr
*
CANADIAN IMPERIAL
BANK OF COMMERCE
. Early cancellallon charge of $25.00 If closed within one year.
Make Your Own Blessed -Brew,
And Do It In Time For The
INFAMOUS ENGINEERING
BEE
BREWING
CONTEST
Categories:
ALE. LAGER. LABEL
4 Bottles Are Required For Judging!
This Contest Is Open To All Members of
The University of Waterloo Community!
Entries Must Be Submitted By March 21,1983
Judging Takes Place at The End of Tenn
Pub by u ~ g e s From Carling O'Keefe!!
Recipes and BoHle-Capper
Available in the EngSoc Orifice!
StudentS Don't Write Good
The lack of basic skills and knowledge
exhibited by many of the young men and
women entering university has given rise to real
concern among educators. Scores of learned
treatises have appeared attempting to shed
light on the sources of his malady. Some have
denounced the school system for failing to
stress fundamentals. Others have pointed an
accusing finger at the decline of the North
American family or at the baleful influence of
television. Perhaps it would do better to listen
to these students themselves. Manyofthemare
not adept at verbal expression, but few of them
are deficient in creativi ty. Ignorance should
not be confused with foolishness. As an
introduction to their thought there is no better
guide than that they have written themselves.
To wit, I submit a compendium of their
wisdomform of a brief sketch of Western
Civilization since the Middle Ages. I have
taken the liberty of arranging their sentences
into a coherent whole, but the words belong
entirely to them. They ahve been culled from
freshman history essays handed into meand to
my colleagues at the University of Alberta and
at McMaster University. But I have spoken
enough. Shall we listen to a rather different
drummer?
History is always bias, because human
beings have to be studied by other human
beings, not be independent observers of
another species.
During the Middle Ages everybody was
middle aged. Church and state were co
operatic. Middle Evil society was made up of
monks, lords, and surfs. It is unfortunate that
we do not have a medivel European laid out on
a table before us, ready for dissection. After a
revival of infantile commerce slowly creeped
into Europe, merchants appeared. Some were
si tters and some were drifters. They roamed
from town to town exposing themselves and
organiz.ed big fairies in the countryside.
Mideval people were violent. Murder during
this period was nothing. Everybody killed
someone. England fought numerouslyforland
in France and ended up wining and losing. The
Crusades were a series of military expad-
itions made up Christians seeking to free the
holy land (tije "dome Town" of Christ) from
the isJams.
In the 1400 hundreds most Englishmen were
perpendicular. The class of yeowls arose.
Finally, Europe caught the Black Death. The
bubonic plague is a social disease in the sense
that it can be transmitted by intercourse and
other etceteras. It was spread from port to port
by infected rats. Victims of the Black Death
grew boobs on their necks. The plague also
helped the emergence of the English language
as the national language of England, France
and Italy.
The Middle Ages slipmered to a halt. The
renasence bolted in from the blue. Life reeked
with joy. Italy became robust, and more
individuals felt the value of their human being.
Italy of course. was much closer to the rest of
the world, thanks to northern Europe. Man
has determined to civilise himself and his
brothers. even if heads had to roll! It became
sheik to be educated. Art was on a more
associated level. Europe was full of incredable
churches with great art bulging out theirdoors.
Renaissance merchants were beautiful and
almost lifelike.
The Formnation happened when German
nobles resented the idea that tithes were going
to pa.pal France or the Pope thus enriching
Catholic coiffures. Traditions had become
oppressive, they too were crushed in the wake
of man's quest for ressurection above the not-
just-social past that had become. An angry
Martin Luther nailed 95 theocrats to a church
door. Theologically, Luther was into reorien-
tation mutation. Calvinism was the most
convenient religion since the days of the
ancients. Anabaptist services tended to be
migratory. The Popes, of course, were usually
Catholic. Monks went right on seeing
themselves as worms. ThelastJesuitpriestdied
in the 19th century.
After the refirmation were wars both foreign
and infernal. If the Spanish could gain the
Net herlands they would have a stronghold
through northern Europe which would include
their posetions in Italy, Burgangy, central
Europe and India thus serrounding France.
The German Emper<;>'s lower passage was
blocked by the French for years and years.
Louis XIV became King of the Sun. Hegave
the people food artillery. If he didn't like
someone, he sent them to the gallows to rowfor
the rest of their lives. Vauban was the royal
minister of flirtation. In Russia the 17th
century was known as the time of the bounding
of the serfs. Russian nobles wore clothes only
to humour Peter the Great. Peter filled his
government with accidental people and builta
new capital near the European border.
Orthodox priests became government. an-
tennae.
The enlightenment was a reasonable time.
Voltare wrote a book called Candy that got
him into trouble with Frederick the Great.
Philosophers were unknown yet, and the
fundamental take was one of religious
toleration slightly confused with defeatism.
France was in a very serious state. Taxation
was a great drain on the state budget. The
French revolution was accomplished before it
happened. The revolution evolved through
monarchial , republican and tolarian phases
until it catapulted into Napoleon. Napoleon
was ill with bladder problems and was very
tense and unrestrained.
History, a record of things left behind by
past generations, slarted in 1815. Throughout
the comparatively radical years 18151870 the
western Europeancontinent was undergoinga
rampant period of econ"omic modification.
Industrialization was precipitating in Eng-
land. Problems were so complexicated that in
Paris, out of a city population of I million
people, a million able bodies were on the loose.
Great Britain, the USA and other European
countrys had demicratic leanings. The middle
class was tired and needed a rest. The old order
could see the lid holding down new ideas
beginning to shake. Among the gols of the
chartists were universal suferage and an anal
parliment. Voting was to be done by ballad.
A new time zone of national unification
"Teacher says jf i don't do well at schooi, I'll end up
like you."
Thursday, February 10
Iron Warrior
7
roared over the horizon. Founder of the new .--_________ _____ ...
Italy as Cavour , an intelligent Sardine from the
north. Nationalism aided Itallv because
nationalism is tlie growth of an We can
see that nationalism succeeded for ltally
because of France's big army. 'apoleon Ill-IV
mounted the French thrown. One thinks of
Napoleon III as a live extension of the late, but
great Napoleon. Here too was the new
Germany: loud, bold, and vulgar and full of
reality.
Cul ture fomented from Europe's tip to its
top. Richard Strauss, who was violent but
met hodi cal li ke hi s wife made hi m, plunged
into vicous and perverse plays. Dra matized
were adventures in seduction and abortion.
Mus' c reeked with reality. Wagner was master
of music and people did not forget his
contribut ion. When he died the labeled is seat
"hsitorical". Other countries had their own
artist s. France had Chekhov.
World War I broke out around 1912-1914.
Germany was on one side of France, and
Russia was on the other. At war people get
killed, and then they aren' t people any more,
but friend s. Peace was proclaimed at Versigh,
which was attended by George Loid, Primal
Ministerof England. President Wilson arrived
with 14 pointers. In 1937 Lenin revolted
Russia. Communism raged among the
peasant s, and the civil war "team colours" were
red and white.
Germany was displaced after WWI. This
gave rise to Hitler. Germany was morbidly
overexcited and unbalanced. Berlin became
the decadent capital , where all forms of sexual
deprivations were practised. A hugh anti-
semantic movement arose. Attractive slogans
like "death to all Jews" were used by govern-
mental groups. Hitler remilitarized the
Rineland over a squirmish between Germany
and France. The appeasers were blinded by the
great red of the Soviets. Mossealini rested his
foundations on 8 million bayonets and invited
Hi Lee Salasy. Germany invaded Poland,
France invaded Belgium, and Russia invaded
everybody. War screeched to an end when a
nukuleer explosion was dropped on Her-
oshima. A whole generation had been wiped
out in two world wars, and their forlorne
families were left to pick up the peaces.
According to Fromm, individuation began
historically in medieval times. This was a
period of small childhood. There is increasing
experience as adolescence experiences its life
development. The last stage is us.
PEKING EXPRESS
GOOD FOOD
Murphy
Revisited
Will/,,l' Low: Whpnt'vpr VOliclil
.vllur fingel'llnils. you lVi'" n(,l'd
Ihpm an hour la l t' r ,
SI/!wnrt'l' }.IIW: II is I'osil'r lu gI'l
forgivenl'ss Ih all perll1 issi-on.
Wulht !rII 's Luw: ASSul1lplion IS
Ihe mol her of HII scrp.\,vups.
J)r'vrir!s ' l>ikllllllO: If VIIU h iliI\'II
keys li n I hl' Iypewriter, Ihl' onr
you don'l wan l hils Ihl! P'IIW I' ,
(Don ' l J kn ow il . , ' Ed"
MO / z ' Maxim: A c()nc;l usio n is Ih('
place w hen! yllu gil l l i rt! d of
Ihin ki ng.
II /Clcle's Low: If YIIU give 0
dif fic ult lask 10 a lazy ma n, he
will find an ea s ier way III do it.
Lost and Found
No, no, Eng Soc is not losl. Or
found for that matter, But if you
find something worth returning
(like my wallet . . . ) or want
something returned that you ...
ahem .. . misplaced, trot on by the
Orifice. talk to Liz, and the
problem may get solved.
It is entirely possible that you
did lose something and the
I Orifice doesn't have it , In tha t
case, do rrot commit s uicic;\e ris ht
away, it may have turned up.at
Security; try callng ext. 3211.
Better yet, don't lose anything in
the first place.

\7
5\(\' FlU}f:E. UGO J CUTN,
EVL' S\)bl.-- lJ[ R
l\J-I r ARS 01v="
FASHION PREVIEW
1983
SPRING & SUMMER
SPORTSWEAR
Presented
by
The Open Door Gift Shop
University of Waterloo
February 9, 1983, Wednesday
12:30p.m.
Festival Room Cafeteria -
South Campus Hall
Prizes Will be Drawn at the End of the Show
"FASHION PREVIEW SPECIAL"
10% OFF ALL MEN'S & LADtES' SPORTSWEAR
FEBRUARY 9, 1 D, 11 AT THE OPEN DOOR GIFT SHOP
- SCH
1I11'ICIIiI IIGI
Heer's Offers:
15% DISCOUNT
on darkroom materials to anyone
with an ENG-SOC card.
Orders available in 1 day at:
160 University Ave: W.
Wterloo
Waterloo
886-8610
COUPON
AIII'I camera
Save
$1.00
hour
photo
OFF YOUR COLOUR FILM DEVELOPING
8
Iron Warrior Thursday, February 10
Snow Bowl
Sunday's "Snow Bowl" was actually a "Slush Bowl" held in the rain on Columbia Field. The
conditions nevertheless added to the fun and the usual numberofcasualtiesand injuries were kept
to a minimum. The eventual winners were4B Physical Systems who looka bruising8-2finalfrom
the 4B Mutants. 2A Chempagne took the consolation division for third place. A truck load of
obscenities go out to those who wimped out by not making a show on Sunday.
Engineering
Engineering Weekend I was held onJanuary27 to 30 undertheclpudyskies ofa slushy January.
The weekend began on a dark note when crosso<:ountry skiing and snow sculpting were cancelled
due to a lack of snow and the Dog Sled Race postponed to February 12. When things finally
started they were slow. The turnout for the parade was, tosaythe least , pitiful and was kept within
Engineering buildings. Hopefully on the next weekend the turnout will be better so wecango
campus-wide and show our spirit. After a slow start, the events started rolling and turnout was
excellent for all events. On the whole, it must besaid that the weekend wasa success and a lotoffun
for all those who came out. Special thanks go out to all the convenors, officials, drivers, and
assistants who helped run the weekend so well. James Etienne
Special Events Director
Tug-o-War
Twenty-seven teams took on the competition and the elements Friday afternoon in the Tug-o-
War Championships. Despite a slick field both the Women'schamps
2A Chem .. A" were able to successfully defend their summer term victories. Second place went to
2A S.D. in the men's division and 2A Chem "B" in the ladies division.
Thursday, February 19 Iron Warrior
9
Weekend I
Pinball 'Tournament
The pinball tournament has to go on record as the longest event in Eng Soc history. After a
mechanical failure (there's never a mech.\' around when you need one) the tournament was
concluded one week later with a sweep by the 3A Civil class. First place went to Graham Archer
while Dan Joyce and Sam Sida wi took second and third. An honourable mention goes out to Pete
Cliff of 3B Mech who tallied up the tournment high, 539670 points.
Pub Rally
Chris Carter again managed to provide a great tour of the Waterloo Region and the local
drinking holes. Despite some objection the route was possible (the objectors must have been
drunk) because Drool and McCrudy (of 3A Mech) managed to ace the route and win (again!).
Congratulations to all for finishing as well as all the others who made it to Baily's to find our
pickled Prez and his entourage. P.S. Mark, can I move into your place next term?
Rubik's Cube
The masters of manual dexterity tookto the POETS pub on Friday to show their mastery of the
multi-coloured cube. The eventual winner with a time of 37 seconds was A. Nappi, a chern grad,
closely followed by Greg Czuppon of IB Civil with 38 seconds. Third place went to Dave
Blacklock of 2A Elec with a time of 55 seconds.
Chicopee Ski Party
About forty skiers made it down to Chicopee, and despite the lack of nurses (sorry about that)a
great time was had by all. At the conclusion oftheskiinga heartyfewwalked.limped.andcrawled
to the lodge to put back a few brew to the sounds of that great country duo "Verd and Lillian".
Thanks to all those who drove down to Chicopee.
Paper Airplane
Over one hundred pseudo aeronloutical n i n e e r ~ gathered in the aeronautics (EL 10 I) to hurl
all orts of paper creations (and other trash) into the air. The eventual winnerb for duration were
Rob Harvey of 48 S.D. with a time of 6.2 seconds followed by Kent Paris of 2A Elec with a 5.5
econd night. In the accuracy division, Ken Besser.of 3A Mech came closestlothe markfollowed
by Jack McCuaig of 2A Mech. Desijlns are on the next page.
10
Iron Warrior
Thursday, February 10
UW Aeronautical Engineeri eering Designs

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Thursday, February 10
Iron Warrior 11
Upcoming Events
Feb. 10 Seminar and Dinner: "Productivity"
Sponsored by Society of Automotive Engineers
Brampton Golf & Country Club
Feb. 15 Guest Speaker From Society of Automotive Engineers
11:30 EI-2536
March 2 Student Papers Competition
Sponsored by University of Waterloo's
Student Chapter of ASMEI CSMEI SAE
March 10 Presentation: F-18 Hornet
Sponsored by American Society of
Mechanical Engineers
McMaster University Faculty Club
For more information, see Society Executive or come out to the
weekly executive meetings on Tuesday at 11:30 in E3-1105
Charity Event P**5 Points
Bus Push - MarCh 19,1983
- participation points on formula basis for the number in class who participate
- one point for every $10.00 raised by the class. The goal is $5000.00. This therefore means 500
points
- bonus for 1st , 2nd, 3rd on a combination of participation and other points
1st - 20 points
2nd - 10 points
3rd - 5 points
Blood Donor Oinic Date T .B.A.
Participation points will be awarded as follows:
I point for attending clinic and giving blood. No card submitted.
2 points for attending clinic and giving blood. Cud submitted in advance.
o points for submitting a card and not attending the clinic.
Kidnapping Bette Stephenson
150 points
Stephen Knaac
P"S
3AEE
NOTE: Blood Donor Clinic applies to all blood donor clinics held in the KW area bctween
January I, 1983, and March 25, 1983. Proof of participation will bc your validated Red
Cross Card.
Chemical Engineering
Society
The Chern Eng Soc is still alive and well here The Chemical Engineering Society recently
on campus. Enthusiasm seems to be picking held their 10th annual Industrial Night Dinner
up, and we anticipate good turnouts at our at the Waterloo Motor Inn on Feb. 2, 1983.
functions. The evening gave an opportunity for people
The Chern Eng Soc office in room EI-2514 from industry, faculty and undergraduates in
now has office hours. Study aids are available, Chemical Engineering to socialize and
and can be borrowed by exchanging your ID exchange ideas.
card. There were eighty guests for the dinner,
A very successful 10th Annual Industrial eighteen of those being representatives from
Night Dinner was recently held, which various industries. This was well down from
featured Mr. Ted Cross, Executive Director of past years due to the downswing in the
the Waterloo Centre for Process Develop- economy.
me nt, as our guest speaker. The guest speaker for the evening was Mr.
Another planned event istohavefourth year Ted Cross, the executive director for the
students from each of the seven option groups Waterloo Centre for Process Development.
present a short talk on their option to lower- Mr. Cross' informative and interesting speech
year students. This will be especially beneficial explained the conception of projects now being
to students in third year who soon will be undertaken within the W.C. P.D.
deciding on their fourth year option. The W.C.P.D. was activated four years ago
A Student-Faculty Night is planned for the within the Chern. Eng. department under the
end of the term. This is an event to promote . direction of Ted Rhodes, Chairman of
contact between students and profs on an chemical engineering. The objective of the
informal basis. It is a great opportunity for Centre is to provide a platform to transfer the
those in first and second year to find out who's university-devcloped technology to the Can-
who in Chern Eng. adian commerical sector. This involves both
As with any other group, participation is a the design and demonstration of ideas on the
key to success. Everyone is encouraged tocorne pilot plant level. At this time the WCPD has
out and take advantage of what Chern Eng Soc twenty-one government and industry sup-
has to offer. Mark Ewanchyna ported projects with an annual budget of
Chem Eng Soc Pres fifteen million dollars. A few of the more well-
.. ... ---.. known projects are Dr. Spink's Waterloo
PEKING EXPRESS
GOOD FOOD
Scrubber and Dr. Moo Young's protein
sYilthesis process.
fhe evening ran very smoothly and was
defl'litelya success.
Mark Robertson
3A Ch. E.
Waterloo Public Interest Research Group
announces new publication
THE DF
C[]mpUTEA.SAT.On
Proceedings of the Forum
held at the University of Waterloo
January 14, 15, 16, 1982
Complied by the Waterloo Public Interest Research Group
$7.00
YOU ARE INVI ED
to WPIRG's
10th Anniversary Celebrations!
Help us celebrate 10 years of student funded
and directed research & education
at University of Waterloo
FRIDAY FEBRUARY 18, 1983
2:30pm
o Giant Cake
o Music
o Displays
o Short Remarks
CAMPUSCENTRE GREAT HALL
12
Iron Warrior
Thursday, February 10
TECHNION
Science Fair '83
Area of Competition: Applied Science and Technology
Eligibility: a) Grades 9 & 10
b) grades II , 12& 13
c) community college & undergraduate university
Grand Prize: One month of study and travel at the J fCB N ION
of Technology
Israel Institute
Second Prize: Personal computer
Dates: April 27 May I, 1983
Location: Ontario SCience Centre
77 Don Mills Road,l oronlO
Contact: Debra Eklove
Canadian Technion Society
2828 Bathurst Street, Suite 603
Toronto, Ontario M6B 3A7
Tel. (416) 789-4545
Wbya
TECHNION
Science Fair?
to give recogmtlOn to young people
throughout Ontario who pursue an active
interest in applied science and technology.
to encourage our youth to explore and
develop their talents and skills in fields of
applied science and technology.
to increase the public's understanding of
this vital field of human endeavour.
to accent the universal nature of science
and the role of international exchange as a
TECHNION
Israel Institute of
Technology
TECHNION - Israel Institute of Tech-
nology, internationally acclaimed for the
exceptional quality of its research and
teaching, currently has an enrollment of9,OOO
students, 3,000 at graduate level, in over 20
faculties of learning.
In addition to being Israel's foremost
institution for teChnological education,
TECHNION is the country's leading centre for
applied research, both for domestic purposes
and in providing consultative expertise to
foreign governments and industries.
TECHNION is noted for significant contrib-
utions in exploitation of solarenergy, robotics,
advanced research in aeronautics and bio-
medical engineering.
Official Rules
I. Individual exhibits: They must be designed
and assembled entirely by the contestants,
although they may seek advice from educators
and others. Bought or borrowed equipment
may be used, but judging of exhibits will be
based on the scientific and technical content
provided by the contestants and not on the
sophistication of accessory or incidental
equipment. It is recommended that each
exhibit should be arranged so that it can be
understood with and without a personal
demonstration.
2. Group exhibits: Agroupofeligible students
may enter one exhibit. One member of the
group must be named group leader. Groups
must enter the level of competition corres-
ponding to the highest grade in the group.
Name and address of the group leader and
other members of the group must be provIded.
Thede ignated group leader will betheofficial
recipient of any and all prizes awarded the
exhibit.
3. Size: The following sizes are suggestions for
maxima:
Floor display - 1.2 m. deep, 2.4 m wide and 3
m.high
Table display - 0.8 m. deep, 1.2 m. wide and
2.4 m. height above table.
Wall display - 1.2 m. wide by 2.4 m. high.
Larger sizes require permission from
Technion Science Fair.
4. Construction: The exhibit must bedurable.
It may stand on the floor on on a table. A
blackboard is recommended which must stand
up by itself. No part of the exhibit may be
attached to walls or ceiling of the Ontario
Science Centre. Moveable parts must be
positioned and safe according to Technion
Science Fair standards.
S. Elec:trical power: Only I 10 volt, 60 hertz,
500 watt electrical power will be provided
during exhbit hours. Switches and cores for
I 10 volt operation must be of a kind approved
for this use. Electrical plugs must be three-
pronged to fit polarized receptacles. Appar-
atus producing high voltages may be exhibited
only if it is so well insulated that it constitutes
no ha7..ard to the exhibitor or the public.
6. Miscellaneous: Neither gas nor running
water will be supplied at exhibit booths.
Dangerous chemicals and open flames are
forbidden.
7. Judging criteria: Theexhibits willbejudged
on the basis of scientific insight, originality,
creatiyity. innovation, skill in presentation,
craftsmanship where relevant, impact and the
project summary. Each level will be judged
separately.
8. Preliminary judging: Not later than one
month prior to the Technion Science Fair, the
participant(s) must submit 4copies ofa project
summary not to exceed 500 words, or 15
minutes on an audio cassette. Diagrams,
bibliographies and photos may be submittedas
well. The Screening Committee, at this stage,
has the prerogative todisqualityanexhibit that
does not continue to maintain the standards of
the Technion Science Fair. This procedure
ensures the quality of the Technion Scien<;e
Fair for the enjoyment of the participants and
the pUblic.
For further information and entry forms,
contact:
Debra Eklove
TECHNION SCIENCE FAIR '83
2828 Bathurst Street, Suite 603
Toronto, Ontario M6B 3A7
Tel. 789-4545
Waiting for Godot
way to better our world.
Canadian students and faculty are engaged
in study and research at the TECHNION.
Similarly, TECHNION students and faculty
visit Canadian universities. These exchanges
enrich scientific inquiry in areas of concern to
both countries.
The "london TImes" called Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot "one of the most noble and
moving plays of our generation"; the "New York Times" declared it to be "one of the most
postwar theatre". And since its first production in 1952, there have probably been
more scholarly words, both profound and ridiculous,lavished upon Backett's play than upon the
work of any playwright since Shakespeare.
The CANADLAN TECHNION SOCIETY
sponsor of the Fair, is a non-profit organi7Jlt-
ion, founded shortly after W.W. " by
Canadian engineers and scientists who
understood and appreciated Technion'S role in
fulfilling important technological needs. Their
support of Israel's Institute of Technology is in
recognition of that school's achievements in
science education, innovative technology. and
research discoveries.
TECHNION - Israel Institute of Technol-
ogy is essential to the life and growth of Israel.
TECHNION is in the vanguard of science and
technology, contributing towards a better life
for the people of Israel, the region and the
world!
Yet all the words devoted to Waiting (or Godot are finally irrelevant. Beckett's masterpiece is,
above all, a piece of theatre. Audiences may find the play pessimistic or optimistic, ahymn to ora
condemnation of mankind, a cry of despair or a shout of affirmation. We are confident they will
not fail to be moved.
Waiting [or Godot, directed by Douglas Abel, will be presented inthe Theatre of the Arts by the
University of Waterloo's Drama Department February 15 to 19 at 8:00 p.m., witha matinee on
Thursday, February 17 at 2:00 p.m. Tickets are $5.00 (students and seniors, $3.00). Seating is
reserved . For reservations and information call the UW Centre for the Arts box office, 885-4280.
Let Us Take Care 0/ Your
TYPING NEEDS
Efficient Projessionlll Service
Student Rates
RESUMES * ESSA YS
* I.ETTERS * REPORTS
FINANCIAl. STATEMENTS
Call 744-4381 from 9 to S Weekdays
P
ENNIES
TYPE-ALJ;--SERVICE
178 Queen Street South, Kitchener
Graduate Portraits
QUALITY PHOTOGRAPHY IS
OUR BUSINESS
742-5363
pirak studios
350 King Street West, Kltchener, OntariO
Master of
Business
Administration
Queen's at Kingston a
approach to study of in
the organizations of today and tomorrow.
in School of Business is lively,
informal, and Persons from almost all
academic programs will find MBA studies rewarding.
financial assistance is available.

Chairman, MBA Program
[I 1\ School of Business, Queen's University
Kingston. Ontario K7L lN6
send information Queen's MBA 10
Name GrMfuaiing Year
Street
City Provin<e
untversity Prosram

hairstylists
Thursday, February 10
Iron Warrior
13
Weekly Earnings Survey
of
Co-operative Education Students
Legend: Figures in the table are not earnings recommended by
the Department of Co-ordination and Placement, but
represent a compilation of historical earnings data (in
dollars) obtained by co-ordinators during visits wi th
co-operative students on their work terms.
academic term completed pnor to first work term
Program
Architecture
Arts
Chartered Accounting
Engineering: Chemical , Civil , Electrical ,
Geological, Mechanical, Systems Design,
Applied Math
Geography
Geology
~
-
Human Kinetics &
Leisure Studies
Mathematics: Actuari al , Business, Computer,
Mgmt Acctg., Operations Research,
Pure Math, Statistics
Mathematics Teaching
Science
Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Footnotes:
1. Salary Period: January-April 1982
f Data Not Available
N/A Not Applicable
Issued: September 1982
160 University Ave.
Waterloo
(Across from the University)
886-6122
Hours:
Mon-Thur
Fri-Sat
Sun
11a.m.-2a.m,
11 a.m . .,3 a.m.
4 p.m.-2 a.m.
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
d;r-----,
median {eXClUdes the top and bottom
range 10% of the data
To obtain monthly figures multiply by 4.3
Work Term: May-August 1982
1 2 3
2221 247 260
200-280 240-275 225-300
235 250 275
215-265 205-298 240-347
190 230 230
177-208 215-240 208-254
270 , 315
222-310 267-375
240' 264 291
180-264 180-280 200-451
238 330' 404
200-264 ~ 382-476
204 210 210
150-220 190-250 175-240
290 302 324
250-305 265-340 280-360
175
1
I
21 0
170-176 205-225
233
t
308
180-305 275-400
1957 -1982
4 5
290 290
250-302 250-302
275 ,
256-323
280 290
205-288 260-331
340 367
300-413 300-420
340
1
I
280-465
431
1
450
30()..492 I ~ 413-478
210 225
148-241 125-300
346 373
300-370 285-41 5
NfA NfA
320 325
300-395 280-380
6
270
250-300
t
300
271-330
399
335-450
NfA
I
I
393
359 423
NfA
352
290-453
Ruby's Rocks
You With Red
Hot Headliners!
Ruby's Entertainment Line-Up:
Feb. 7. : MAMA COCOA
Feb_ 10th: Federation of Students Pub
Feb. 14, 16: Buddy Carlton & Vicky Van Dyke
Feb. 17. Federation of Students Pub
Ruby's IS th plilCI.l to b fOI Vulnnll J)\ s Nlghtl
Saturday, rob 12th & Mondny, fob 141h
o DrBws 0 Door Pm:es 0 And LOIS, LOIS Molt I
Every Friday & Saturday Nrght ..
Twenty-five Years of Co-operative Education in Canada
Free Admission to Ruby's Saturday Night
From 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. . After 8, $1.
Pizza &
------------_ .... -...
I
I
I
I
I
FREE
DELIVERY
to University Residences
Minimum Order: $5.00
Vacation in Fort Lauderdale!
From April 24th until May 1st
Only
$384 99 Quad .
Accomodataon
Price Includes: Air Fare, Accommodation
Departure Taxes and Service Chargesf
For more detaUs, call Sean at MathSoc
Ext. 2324 or 885-0892 or Terry at ext. 3188
Let Eaton's Travel Take Care of ALL YOUR TRAVELLING NEEDS
EATON'S TRAVEL in the South Campus Hall. Telephone 885-1211
ext. 3188 or call direct 886-0531. Travel on your Eaton's Account!
14
Iron Warrior
Thursday, February 10
Where does your tuition dollar go?
Ordinary Operiltlng
Inr.onlt'
_---,-__ . /.nf:llafv Entt'rprises
Figure 2 - Expenses within
Engineering
Thl ! linillll .li!l slatl!lllt'nt of thl!
is iI rl'lalivl l y hu-
Illflngous 'c onglol1ll' !',11 ion (If dC-
counting and stalistics and I
\.\:ouldn'l !,I'I:IIIl1I11end il III any-
onI' . unlc'ss VOli al'l' looking for
!;lllIwthing II; pili I" slel'll ill
night. Afl,'r doing qlllll' a hit of
sifllng thl' llIlgh 1110llnds 01
dald II1111nag. !d to gll!an 0111 a few
Inipre'stlllg f.lcls ,
Each SI'I1II'sll!l: WI' kick innoolll
$7:'0 illldl'lII :'WrI' nolilio of
liS rl'illizl' \\' 111'1'1' il gl'ls swa llow-
.. d up. jusllogivl' yllll ol \ 1!l'y hasic
illl'oI "f how OUI' conlriililliolls lit
ill. a I,,\\, diagrallls illuminall! I hi '
Research
Trust and Endowment
issu(! .
Thl' IIro i 11<1 ry 0 pe ra ling i nCIIllle
nlilJ..I'S up II:ss Ihan2/ Joflheioiai
uni\I'l'silv This is nul til
S<l.l' I hill WI' poly forms 2/ 3 of
Ihl' Ililal inl:llmc' ... nol by ilny
ml'alls. Fully of Ihe total
fllnds kf!cping this place ill
Illlsinl'ss come from Queen's
PlII'k , a figul'f! which hilS nll l sunk
'IPPI'p.r:iab ly in t he seven \ ' I'i'lrS IIf
fe'c,ords I had the IIpportunity tu
peruse. Annl her 3.5'l\, comes from
miscellanelilis sourr.es. and that
milkf!s flur cnntributiun . 516.1
million annuallv. 18.3% of this
portion IIf I he
How Ihr.n is this spread
a round. say, in our r.ase. Engin-
eering? As can be dearly seen
from this second diagram sal-
ar ies lake up far a nd <Iway the
largest percenlage.
Thi s breakdown does not in-
clude any of Ih e monies involved
in resea reh fu n ding sinr.e i I seems
to tak e care of ils elf. in a manner
of speaking. Allocalions for
rese<lfl :h provioe eljuipmenl and
materials not normally plann.ed
for undergraduate Sll
tha I we seldom see any Ilf i I
any WHy.
Staff i.e. Faculty, Tech-
nical and Support
Staff, TA's and Em-
ployee Benefits
Equipment, Furnish-
ing and Alterations
. Supplies and Expenses
1.1% - Librarv
Acquisitions
1.0% - Travel and
Field Trips
Similarly most 0.1 the income
from "ancillary services" (ref.
Fig. 1) r ema ins tied up within
them and have little or no effect
upon us.
One area which may provide
considerable improvement in the
coming years is a sector labelled
Trust and Endowment. As the
influence. wealth and number of
our alumni grows (which most
likely will mean you and me. my
friends) this portion of the whole
should show some healthy signs
uf improvement.
The Award
emphasizes Procter & Gamble's tradition of supporting
and rewarding outstanding students
recognizes students who combine superior academic
achievement in engineering with active participation in
Engineering Society activities
two $500 prizes. presented annually
winner visits Procter & Gamble plant With sponsoring
faculty member
The Person
you are a third year engineering student
you have an average mark of 70% or better when the
engineering courses of the second year and first term of
the third year are considered
you have demonstrated active participation in the En-
gineering Society through:
(a) holding office or chairpersonships in the society,
or (b) leadership in organizing technical activities.
or (c) regular attendance at Society meetings.
you are a Canadian citizen or landed immigrant
The Application
obtain an application form from your Faculty/Depart-
ment office. or the Engineering Society office.
Procter & Gamble Inc.
complete the form, and obtain sponsorship of a faculty
member from your department
mail the completed form to the address shown below
355 University Avenue, Belleville, Ontario
K8NSE9
the envelope should be postmarked no later than Friday,
February 25,1983
Thursday, February 10
Iron Warrior
cuso
Foreign Aid from you and me
Alllhrnugh the university are
narrow corridors. r.nnnecting the
wurld t (I t he smaller ilncl lesser-
known officI's I hat are very much
a parI of our wonderful campus.
One of these passsages leads t-tl
the CUSO office. CUSO (Can-
adian University Students OV"pr-
seilS) is a non-profit organiz-
ation thaI has three main ac-
tivities. involving about forty
third-world countries. The first
and most well known activity is
placing skilled Canadians in two
year work terms in the third
world countries where they work
on development programs. Se-
condly. CUSO provides financiill
assistance to projects initiated
by the third world countries.
Thirdly, CUSO educates Can-
adians about development pro-
grams taking place in these over-
seas countries. We, being engin-
eers, are one of the groups of
skilled people needed in overseas
poslings. There are many engin-
eering positions available, but
the most common are rf'lated to
the civil engineering discipline,
particularly in the field of water
Summarized Events
and heavy equipment. There art)
teach.ing positions at the high
school and college level for
electrical engineers and there
also exists a demand for agricul-
tural engineers. For example, a
road engineer from Waterloo in
Papua, New Ginea writes:
of my placement
IS to buIld the road and train the
people in proper maintenance of
the road. A solid orgaOlzation
built around Patrick Sobea's
training and continued financ-
ing from government and
vale groups will ensure a con-
tinuatwn of my wurk when I
!Pilve.
Working overseas takes a
special kind of person. You must
be patient, sensitivf', creative
ilnd tulerant because you are
thrust into a strange environ-
mp-nt Bnd must adilpl. You may
suffer milny hill'dships but the
satisfaction is rewarding. A
recent University of Waterloo
Civil Engineer working in Thai-
land reports in a recent cor-

"Thl! wClrk imC1lve.r hilS I:pr -
lainiy tWI'n huth challt'nging and
- Boat Racing - Do you want to go
Concordia U to
show off your boat
racing ability?
Fri. Feb. 12
- Midterms are here again-Feb 14-25
- I want a job (or at least an
interview (Feb 21 - Mar 4)
- Drown those midterm blues with
a batch of your own home brewed
beer, but don't forget to save
5 bottles for the second annual
Home Brew Contest, Entry deadline
March 21 in EngSoc Orifice.
- DJ Pub - Feb 25 in South Campus
Hall. Eng-Dance $1.00 Others-
$1.50. Doors open at 8 pm.
Midterms are over so let's get
out and party!
- Departmental Debates will be
starting soon. See your class
rep if you want to spew
- Nominate your favorite rabble
rouser for an EngSoc Executive
Position. President, Vice
President, Secretary, and Treasurer
positions available. Get a form
in the Orifice.
- Volleyball Tournament Feb 27
Coming Up Soon
Engineering Weekend 2 - March 3-6
Engineering Elections
March 10
Bus Push and Semi Formal March 19
Campus Wide Beer Brewing Contest
Judging March 30
Judy Runnalls
abundanl. II involves wurldng
uut of a book. SUlllt' illh iet' from
the m(lre t'xperienced
eering vulunteers. and soml'
subjecti,,!' creativity lin ont'S
own parI. Atlhis time Ihis latter
feature is probilbly ",hat I find
the mnst professIOn all rl'wa rd-
ing aspert of working in Thai
land."
CUSO not only fi nds job plilcc-
ments, but it also prOVides an
excellent orientation program to
prepare you ror your assign-
ment. Airfare, medical and den-
tal coverage, and a resettlement
allowance are prOVided during
your two Closer to hOInf',
volunteer groups help ClISO by
participating in recruitment.
fundraising, development ed-
ucatiol ' and public affairs and
policy discussions. Interested
persons should see Susan Isaac
at the CUSO K-W office in room
234A of South Campus Hall ext.
3144 or attend the lecture of Field
Staff Officer from Papua, New
Guinea at the Waterloo Public
Library on AI bert SI. at 8:00 p.m.,
Tuesday November 9.
Alan Plaunt
PEKING EXPRESS
884-9220
PIZZA SPECIAL
Tues, fhurs. Sat
52.00
Famous New York Style
CHICKEN WINGS
4Sltce 21,etn
(Hot, Medium or Mild)
15
Sen'ed I\'"h Blut'chl't'H' " Ce/en' Sticks
Single ........ ..... ..... .......................... .... . IU pes, 2,7S
Double ................... .. ... : ..................... 20 pes.4.7S
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16 Iron Warrior Thursday, February 10
Letters From My Dad
Dear Scott ,
Profit is the fuel fortheeconomicengine! As
Heilbroner (5) puts it in his description of the
Economic Revolution "The great chariot of
society ... now found itself powered by an
internal combusion machine .. . and gain,gain,
gain provided anew a startlingly powerful
motive force" .
From a business point of view, profit is
simply revenue less cost. The Business
Equation can be stated as:
P-V-Cequals Pi
or
price times volume minus cost equals profit.
As marketers, we should examine this
equation and its companion:
ROCE equals (Pi / CE)-IOO
or
return on ca pital employed equals profit
divided by capital employed, expressed as a
percentage.
First pick a few generalizations that some of
your marketing profs might pick a few nits in.
Let's ignore income tax and deal on a before
tax basis. A simple 50% assumption will serve
our purposes here but you will want to be a liltle
more accurate than that in " Real Life". Forour
presentpurpose, Pi isnow profit before tax and
C is cost excluding income tax. pV-C equals
Pi is still OK but
2- ROCE equals (Pi / CE)-IOO
Let's also forget about any special tax con-
cessions or other ' ext raordinary investment
incentives. These shouldn't be ignored by the
corporation, but they're for Treasurers and
Tax to worry about, not marketing. Marketing
decisions based on artificial incentives rather
than market place incentives invariabl y are
bad longer term. You wind up with a plant in
Sid ney when the market is in Vancouver. The
investment might look good 00 paper but you
live with a competitive disadvantage forever.
I use ROCE as the main tool to measure
current performance. Of course DCF, (Dis-
counted Cash Flow) or more appropriately,
Net Present Value (N PV) is what you must use
to assess investment alternatives, but for
measuring current and forecast performance it
just doesn't work. I know Hal Biermanand Syd
Smidt (6) will argue with that and point out all
kinds of examples where wrong decisions
could be made using ROCE, but used
consistently, over time, in the same enterprise
ROCE will point the business in the right
direction.
Using 2-ROCE equals (Pi / CE)-100, mul-
tiplying and dividing by sales revenue, (R) aod
rewriting the equation we get:
2-ROCEequals Pi / RIOO-R/ CE
R/ CE is capital turnover. Obviously the
bigger the number the higher the Return.
Revenue increases help as do decreases in
Capital Employed, but by and large R/ CE will
be fairly constant. As revenue goes up so,
normally does capital, both working capital
and ultimately fixed capital too. But a
marketer has little influence on Capital
Employed, beyond receiveables, the place
where marketers contribute is in revenue and
more specifically in margin.
Pi t R -100 is marginasa %ofsales. This is t he
variable that the marketer deals with. A look at
the Business Equation: P- V -Cequals Pi shows
how it works.
Making some assumptions about typical
values for the Business Equation, and
remembering that C is a combination of fixed
and variable bv simple arithmetic we
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soon see that price is the most powerful
ariable . Small cha nges in price affect all of the
sales volume. In fact in a typical business
situation a 2% increase in price affects margin
the same as a 10% increase in volume or a 5%
decrease in total variable costs. (We can havea
look at these calculations some weekend when
you are home.)
If price is the most powerful variable then
margin will measure changes in price effectiv-
ely. In fact, unit margin times revenue turn-
over divided, by two equals a pseudo "Return
on Capital Employed". Using this equation
and a target ROCE we can calculate unit
margins and see which products are con-
tributing at, above, or below the target return.
We then start to see where prices need to be
adjusted and we can go about improving the
fir m's profitability.
A very handy device to monitor perform-
ance through the year is the "Zed" chart. A Z
chart is a monthly plot of an objective where
the bottom bar of the Z isa monthly objective,
the top bar of the Z is the 12 month moving
average and the diagonal is simply the
cumulative or to-date total. I like to plot the
objective Z as a continuous li ne in black,
exag. ordinate and compressing the months
along the abscissa. In that manner trends are
picked upvisuallyandmoreeasily.lalso liketo
use color to emphasize change and a
subsequent need for action. Against the
objective Z's I plot my actual monthly
performance using green bars across the
bottom and dashed red line segments across
the top and up the diagonal. I use blue where
the actual slope is greater than or equal to the
slope on the corresponding objective segment
and red where the slope is less than the slope on
the corresponding objectives segment. Aneasy
way to decide which colour to plot IS:
IF (A 2-02) greater than (AI-OI) THE.
PRINT RED ELSE PRINT BLUE
(A equals Actual and 0 equals Objective and
the subscript refers to successive month .)
A red segment is a warning; two red seg-
ments is an indication that corrective action is
required.
If you're plotting margin lookatwhatcan be
done to increase it in the short term when you
see two red segments in a row. Building up a
total matrix of these charts can help pin point
problems in product or customer segments by
geographic area and enable quick recognition
of market trends. If you consolidate sales stat-
istics weekly and project month end results
based on historicalflow, you can monitorthese
trends each week and be well on your way to
corrective action before serious shortfalls
occur.
Finally remember if you set and steward to
volume objectives only, you're dealing with
just one of the three variables in the Business
Equation. If you use revenue you're at least
dealing with two. If you use margin or profit
you've captured all three. Your Z charts will
work with any combination of these variables
but the more you use margin the better your
marketing decisions will be and ultimately the
greater will be the success of the firm.
No Scott, profit is notafourletterword, loss
is. Love, Dad
(5) Robert L. Heilbroner "The Worldly -
the lives, times and ideas of the great economic thinkers"
- 4th ed. (Simonand Schuster - 1972)
(6) Harold Bierman, Jr. / Seymour Smidt "The Capital
Budgeting Decision" - 4th ed. - (MacMillan Publish
ing Co .. Inc. - 1975)
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