Reinforced Concrete Structures/Design Aids: Area of Bars (MM)

Reinforced Concrete Structures/Design Aids
AREA OF BARS (mm2)

Size of
bars (mm)
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
25
32
50*
1
50
79
113
154
201
255
314
380
491
804
1964
2
101
157
226
308
402
509
628
760
982
1609
3927
Number of bars
4
5
201
251
314
393
452
566
616
770
804
1005
1018
1272
1257
1571
1521
1901
1964
2454
3217
4021
7854
9818
3
151
236
339
462
603
763
943
1140
1473
2413
5891
6
302
471
679
924
1206
1527
1885
2281
2945
4826
11781
7
352
550
792
1078
1407
1781
2199
2661
3436
5630
13745
8
402
628
905
1232
1609
2036
2513
3041
3927
6434
15708
Available through special request.
MINIMUM BEAM WIDTH (mm) ACCORDING TO THE ACI CODE

Size of
Bars (mm)
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
25
32
50
Number of bars
2
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
190
204
240
3
211
215
219
223
227
231
235
241
268
340
4
246
252
258
264
270
276
282
291
332
440
5
282
290
298
306
314
322
330
342
396
540
6
317
327
337
347
357
367
377
392
460
640
7
352
364
376
388
400
412
424
442
524
740
8
388
402
416
430
444
458
472
493
588
840
Add for each

added bar
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
50
64
100
Table shows minimum beam widths when 10 stirrups are used.

For additional bars, add dimension in last column for each added bar.
For bars of different sizes, determine from the table the beam width for smaller size bars and then add last
column figure for each larger bar used.
Assume maximum aggregate size does not exceed three-forth of the clear space between bars (ACI-3-3.3).
Table computation procedure is in agreement with the ACI code interpretation of the ACI Committee 340.
A = 40 mm clear cover to stirrups

B = 10 mm stirrup bar diameter
C = use twice the diameter of 10 stirrups.
D = clear distance between bars = db or 25.4 mm, whichever is greater
(where db is the diameter of the larger adjacent longitudinal bar)
Dr. Hazim Dwairi/Hashemite University
Page 1

Development Length of Straight Bars and Standard Hooks
For deformed bars, ACI318-05 Section 12.2.2 defines the development length ld given in the table
below. Note that ld shall not be less than 300 mm.
20
Case
Case 1: Clear spacing of bars being
developed not less than db, clear
cover not less than db, and stirrups
throughout ld not less than code
minimum
ld =
or
12 f y t e
25 f c'
> 20
db
ld =
db
ld =
12 f y t e
20 f c'
db
Case 2: Clear spacing of bars being

developed not less than 2db and clear
cover not less than db
Other cases
ld =
18 f y t e
25 f c'
18 f y t e
20 f c'
db
The terms in the foregoing equations are as follows:

t = reinforcement location factor
Horizontal reinforcement so placed that more than 300 mm of fresh concrete is cast
in the member below the development length ......................................................1.3
Other reinforcement...............................................................................................1.0
e = coating factor
Epoxy-coated bars with cover less than 3db, or clear spacing less than 6db .........1.5
All other epoxy-coated bars .................................................................................. 1.2
Uncoated reinforcement......................................................................................... 1.0
= lightweight aggregate concrete factor
When all-lightweight aggregate concrete is used ................................................. 1.3
When sand-lightweight aggregate concrete is used .............................................. 1.2
Normal weight concrete is used............................................................................. 1.0
Page 2

Table 1: Basic tension development-length ratio, ld/db (mm/mm)
l
l d = db e d b , but not less than 300 mm
db
Bar size
(mm)
20
> 20
20
20
> 20
20
fc= 21 MPa
fc= 25 MPa
fc= 28 MPa
fc= 30 MPa
fc= 35 MPa
Bottom
Top
Bottom
Top
Bottom
Top
Bottom
Top
Bottom
Top
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
Case 1: Clear spacing of bars being developed not less than db, clear cover not less than db, and stirrups
throughout ld not less than code minimum, or
Case 2: Clear spacing of bars being developed not less than 2db and clear cover not less than db
fy = 420 MPa, uncoated bars, normal weight concrete
43.6
56.7
40.0
52.0
37.8
49.1
36.5
47.5
33.8
43.9
53.9
70.1
49.4
64.2
46.7
60.7
45.1
58.6
41.8
54.3
31.2
40.5
28.6
37.1
27.0
35.1
26.1
33.9
24.1
31.4
Other Cases:
64.5
83.9
59.1
76.9
55.9
72.7
54.0
70.2
50.0
65.0
82.1
106.8
75.3
97.9
71.1
92.5
68.7
89.3
63.6
82.7
46.8
60.8
42.9
55.7
40.5
52.6
39.1
50.9
36.2
47.1
For top bars, more than 300 mm of fresh concrete is cast in the member (i.e. = 1.3)
is the coating factor, and is the lightweight concrete factor
When there is insufficient length available to develop a straight bar, standard hooks are used. The
standard 90 degree hook is shown below:
10 to 25: R = 3db
28 to 32: R = 4db
28 to 50: R = 5db
Page 3

The development length of a hook, ldh, is given by the following equation. Note that the development
length shall not be less than 8db nor less than 150mm:
l dh =
0.24 f y e
f c'
d b larger of
8d b
150mm
where e = the coating factor = 1.2 for epoxy coated bars and 1.0 for uncoated reinforcement, and is
the lightweight aggregate factor = 1.3 for lightweight aggregate concrete. For other cases e and , shall
be taken as 1.0
Standard Hooks ACI sections 7.1 and 7.2.1

db
Ldh
db
Ldh
2R
12db
4db or
65 mm
o
180 Hook
90 Hook
10 to 25: R = 3db
28 and 32: R = 4db
50:
R = 5db
Stirrups and tie hooks ACI section 7.1.3

16 and smaller: 6db
18 to 25: 12db
2
5
an
d
R
R
sm
all
e
r:
6d
b
R
Beam
CL
Beam
CL
135 Stirrup Hooks
90 Stirrup Hooks
16 & smaller: R = 2db

18 to 25:
R = 4db
Page 4

Requirements for structural integrity in spandrel beams
Requirements for structural integrity in interior beams
Page 5

ACI Moment and Shear Coefficients
Mu = Cm(wuln2) ; Cm : moment envelope coefficient
Vu = Cv(wuln/2) ; Cv : shear envelope coefficient
Where wu is total factored load and ln is clear span
Discontinuous
End
End Span
Interior face of
exterior support
Interior Spans
Exterior face of first

interior support
Other faces of interior

supports
(a) Terminology
Cm = -1/9 if only
two spans
Cm =
0.0
1/11
-1/10
-1/11
-1/16
-1/11
-1/11
Cv =
1.0
Eq. 1
1.15
1.0
Eq. 1
1.0
1.0
(b) Discontinuous end unrestrained
Cm = -1/9 if only
two spans
Cm =
-1/24
1/14
-1/10
-1/11
1/16
-1/11
-1/11
Cv =
1.0
Eq. 1
1.15
1.0
Eq. 1
1.0
1.0
(c) Discontinuous end integral with support where support is spandrel beam
Cm = -1/9 if only
two spans
Cm =
-1/16
1/14
-1/10
-1/11
1/16
-1/11
-1/11
Cv =
1.0
Eq. 1
1.15
1.0
Eq. 1
1.0
1.0
(d) Discontinuous end integral with support where support is a column
0.25w Lu
Eq.1 : C v = l arg er of (0.15) or
wu
, where wLu is factored live
Page 6
Page 7

Instantaneous Deflection Calculations:
5
48
Ma is the support moment for cantilevers and the midspan moment (when K is so defined) for
simple and continuous beams.
=
Long-term Deflection:
= 1.0 .. t = 3 months
= 1.2 .. t = 6 months
= 1.4 .. t = one year
= 2.0 .. t > 5 years
= ( )
1 + 50
Page 8

Direct Design Method (DDM) Two-way Slabs
Total Static Moment =
wu l 2 l n2
Mo =
8
Page 9

Total static moment distribution
Page 10
Page 11

Rectangular Column Interaction Diagrams
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Page 12
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
Page 13

1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
0.275
Page 14

Circular Column Interaction Diagrams
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
Page 15

1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
Page 16

Reinforced Concrete Structures/Design Aids: Area of Bars (MM)

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Reinforced Concrete Structures/Design Aids: Area of Bars (MM)

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Reinforced Concrete Structures/Design Aids

AREA OF BARS (mm2)

Available through special request.

MINIMUM BEAM WIDTH (mm) ACCORDING TO THE ACI CODE

Add for each

Table shows minimum beam widths when 10 stirrups are used.

A = 40 mm clear cover to stirrups

Dr. Hazim Dwairi/Hashemite University