CIVICS 1ST CHAPTER CHALLENGES FACING BY INDIA

1. What type of government India has? Ans :- India has Democratic Republican overnment. !. When can Democracy succeed? Ans. Democracy can be succeed if the people are educated and ta"e part actively in the public activities. #. $ame some of the problems faced by India after independence. Ans. %overty& %opulation e'plosion& Illiteracy& (ommunalism& Regionalism& (asteism& )conomic in e*uality& (hild +abour etc are some of the problems faced by India after independence. ,. What is the main ob-ective of .niversali/ation of %rimary )ducation? Ans:- 0he main aim of .niversali/ation of %rimary )ducation is to provide education to all the children up to the age of 1,. 1. Define the terms (ommunalism& Regionalism& Do2ry& and %overty. Ans. (ommunalism: Intolerance to2ards the people of other religions. Regionalism: An e'clusive 3too much4 attachment or loyalty to one5s o2n region or state. Do2ry:- A traditional practice of %resenting cash& -e2ellery& house& site& property to the groom during marriage by bride5s parents. %overty:- 0he state in 2hich a person is unable to provide the daily needs li"e food& clothing and shelter. 6. Why has the ovt. established +o"ayu"ta.? Ans:- +o"ayu"ta is established to fight against corruption. 7. Why has 8Agmar"5 been made compulsory? Ans: - A 9AR: seal has been made compulsory on agricultural products to protect the standard of the product and to avoid mischief. ;. <o2 can 2e fulfill our right to live? Ans:- We can fulfill our right to live through constitutional rights and by providing 2ith nutritious food and education. =. Why is 1,th $ovember considered as an important day? Ans: - It is the birth day of >a2aharlal $ehru& 2ho loved children very much. ?o it is considered as (hildren5s Day.

2 to 4 sentences :1@. (ommunalism is the enemy of ?ociety& ho2? Ans: 14 It raises the communal feeling for their o2n personal benefit. !4 It is a hindrance to the national integration. #4 It creates gap bet2een the religions and leads to communal fights.

,4 ives scope for others to ta"e the advantage. And for foreign attac"s 11. Define (AB)%A?A. What is its signature? Ans:- (AB)%A?A means (onservation of Boreign e'change and prevention of ?muggling Act. It is introduced to prevent smuggling of foreign goods and foreign currency. 1!. 9ention the steps ta"en to eradicate illiteracy. 14 0he rule 2as laid in the directive principles of the state policy that the state should 2or" for the provision of free and compulsory education for all children up to 1, years and promotes the interests of ?.(& ?.0 and 2ea"er sections. !4 )ducation is made a fundamental right according to =#rd amendment. #4 ,!nd amendment included education in concurrent list. ,4 Aperation Clac" Coard scheme intended to provide infrastructure& sufficient teachers to schools. 14 In 1=;6 0he $ational %olicy on )ducation announced its aim as universali/ation of %rimary )ducation& adult and 2omen education. 64 Informal& $onformal education& community programmes to provide a2areness to the parents. $A)%& D.%.).% pragrammes 2ere underta"en. 74 $ational +iteracy 9ission 2as launched in 1=;; to emphasis on Adult education among 2omen& ?0s and ?(s and libraries 2ere started. ;4 (hinnara Angala to attract tiny tags& Incentive5s li"e midday meals& free te't boo"s& uniforms 2ere supplied to primary schools. :arnata"a ovt has underta"en the pro-ects li"e Didya Di"as& A"shara Dasoha& :heera Eo-ana etc and ?arva ?i"sha Abhiyana is a ma-or pro-ect to2ards this direction. 1#. 9ention the reasons for poverty in India. Ans:- In e*ual distribution of 2ealth& non- payment of proper 2ages& lac" of technical devices to increase the s"ills of an ordinary 2or"er& under employment& population )'plosion& illiteracy are the causes for poverty in India. 1,. What steps have been ta"en by government for the 2elfare of ?( and ?0. Ans:- Reservation:- 14 ?ome seats are reserved for ?( and ?0 in the ?tate Assemblies and +o"sabha. !4 ?ome constituencies are served for ?( and ?0 to participate in the election. #4 ?ome F of -obs are reserved in ovt and educational institutions. +egal Aid:- 14 ?pecial courts and 9obile court have been set up to protect the rights of ?( and ?0. !4 .ntouchability is prohibited by an act in 1=11. #4 Bree legal aid is provided to protect their rights. )ducation:- 14 Incentives li"es free boo"s through boo" ban"& free boarding and lodging facilities through hostels are provided. !4 ?cholarships are given to the ?(& ?0 students. >ob:- )mployment e'change centers have been opened for disabled ?( and ?ts. 14 0raining is given to ?ts in Agriculture& horti (ulture& animal husbandry and small scale industries. !4 (ooperate mar"eting for tribal goods are set up. <.R.D is e'tending Bacilities in education and training programmes.

11. 9ention the measures ta"en to2ards the 2elfare of 2omen. Ans:- +a2s: 14 ?ati 2as abolished in 1;!=& ban came on child marriage& child infanticide etc.. !4 Wido2 Remarriage 2as legali/ed. #4 %olygamy 2as discouraged. ,4 <indu marriage act banned to marry second 2ife if the first one is alive. 14 )*ual share is given to 2omen in ancestral property 64 Do2ry is banned for both to give and ta"e . !4 )mployment:- )*ual opportunities are given in public employment under articles 1, and 11. ?elf employment of 2omen is encouraged and training is given in rural areas to the 2omen. +oans are given to start o2n industries. #4 )ducation:- irl5s education is stressed. irl5s schools colleges etc 2ere started. At present 2omen is progressed in every field. )':- Indira andhi& %rathibha %atel reached to the highest positions. ,4 Darious developmental programmes 2ere underta"en temporary shelter is given 2ho are in trouble31=6=4. 1=;7- 0raining and )mployment plan came into force. 1=1;- ?ocial 2elfare department introduced ! Eears basic education. 8?2ayam ?iddha5& Cali"a ?amruddhi Eo-ana 8Rashtriya mahila Dimochana schemes are formed against harassment. !@@1 2as declared as the year of 2omen empo2erment. ##F of seats are reserved for 2omen in all the local bodies. 16. 9ention some of the rights adopted for children by eneral Assembly of the .$A. Ans:- eneral Assembly of the ..$.A adopted a universal charter in $AD 1=;= for the 2elfare of the (hildren. 1.Right to life !.Right to education#.<ealth,.$utrition1.+eisure6.%lay7.0o get standard of life;.%rotection against e'ploitation and negligence = %rotection from abuse and immoral traffic"ing. 1@.Right against drugsand 11.Borced employmentand violence. 17.What are the causes for the poverty? Ans 1.(oncentration of 2ealth in fe2 hands. +o2 percapita income& non-payment of proper 2ages. #4 .ns"illed 2or"ers& unemployment& ?ocial and economic ine*uality. ,4 %opulation e'posion. 14 Illiteracy 1; What steps are ta"en by the government to mitigate poverty Ans 1&?tate and central governments adopted some measures. 0he important is I.R.D.% under 2hich the community programmes are under ta"en. a4 +oans are given to petty farmers& labourers of Agriculture& artisans& ?( and ?0 and 2ea"er sections. b4 Rural youth are provided training for self employment and $.R.).% etc c4 >a2ahar Ro-gar Eo-ana& %.95s rameena ?ada" Eo-ana 2ere underta"en to help the landless and unseasonal labourers. d4 Bood for Wor" programme 2as underta"en. e4 %opulation control& literacy programmes etc 2ere adopted& )ncouragemenmt is given to ?mall scale G cottage industries. f4 +and reform li"e 0enancy act etc 2as introduce

Cahpter-2 India and the W r!d " #$N$%

1. Who 2ere the architects of ..$.A? Ans:- Winston (hurchill& the %.9 of Critain& ?tatin of Russia& B.D.Roosevelt& 0he %resident of ..?.A and De ullie of Brame 2ere the architects of ..$.A !. When 2as .$A adopted? <o2 many number nations 2ere there? Who are the permanent members? Ans:- ..$.A 2as adopted on !,th Actober 1=71 2ith its head *uarters in $e2 Eor". It 2as started 2ith 11 nations and today it consists of more than !@@ countries.