NEWS LETTER OF
ARMARC
MAY -2009
Editorial
At the end of our imagination and arguments,
the origin of Bhagwan (God) comes in existence. The
religious text of Hindus but applicable to everyone of
this universe, Srimad Bhagwadgeeta well mentions that
everything is creation of that supernatural power. It gives
clues to solve any mystery or power, but Karma (work)
is essential. This earth is his pharmacy with number of
medicines planted or distributed for the exploitation.
God left us great clues as to what foods help what part
of our body. Sometimes sects of old days
comprehended well these indications while postulating
the utilities of any natural medicine. They would have
seen the a sliced root of Daucus carota var. sativa
(carrot) making the appearance of human eye with its
radiating lines and it is at momentary present scientifically
proved that carrot greatly enhances blood flow to and
function of eyes. Other indications to solve the problems
would be attended as:
• A tomato is red in colour and having four
chambers resembling human heart. Lycopine
present in tomato has found with purifying
properties of blood. Similarly, cluster of grapes
has the shape of heart and it is proved fact that
grapes are heart and blood vitalizing food.
• Juglans regia (Walnut) looks like a brain with
left and right hemisphere, upper cerebrums and
lower cerebellums. The wrinkles or folds on
the nut are just like the neo-cortex. It is well
known now that walnuts help to develop more
than three dozens of neurotransmitters for brain
function.
• Pashanbheda (Bergenia ligulata) grows on
stone (with biomass) and its roots go inside that,
and same way it is seen helping in breaking the
kidney calculi. Kidney beans actually heal and
help maintain kidney function and they look
exactly like the human kidneys.
• Rhubarb, Celery etc. leave the appearance of
Vol 1.83
of bones. They too have the percentage of
sodium more or like similar to those present
with human bone i.e., 23 percent. The
hypanthodium of Ficus are full of seeds hanging
in rows and in Ayurveda, it is mentioned to
overcome the male sterility especially by
increasing the number and motility of sperms.
• The seeds and fruits of Diplocyclos palmatus
are used in biliousness and the shape of seed
resemble the gall bladder. Citrus fruits are like
mammary glands in exposition and they do
assist to maintain its health and the movement
of lymphs around this.
• The shape of leaf of Centella asiatica
(Mandukparni) represents the brain while the
habit of Convolvulus pleuricaulis
(Shankhpushpi) comes in to sight with similarity
of neurons. Both of these are well used as brain
tonic in Ayurvedic medicines.
Shape and visible aspects of number of other
plants or their parts or minerals or drugs originated from
animals resemble the similarities. We need to
understand these clues of god for maximum utilization
as well as addition of natural drugs to Ayurveda.
In This Issue
1) PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL
STUDY OF TRIVANGA BHASMA
2) CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF
ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
THROUGH TAKRA DHARA
3) PHYTOMEDICINES, A NEED OF
PRESENT ERA
4) Formulation Profile (Series-A/6)
KSHIRABALA TAIL
5) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/7)
ATIVISA (ROOT)
 Newsletter of ARMARC 2 MAY -2009
PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL JARITA Before Jarana After Jarana
STUDY OF TRIVANGA BHASMA TRIVANGA 750 gms 725 gms
Dr. H.ABDUL KAREEM
Lecturer, Det of Bhaishajya kalpana
ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College No. Of Before Puta After Puta Net Loss
Koppa Putas
AIMS & OBJECTIVES: I PUTA 675 gms 640 gms 35 gms
Trivanga Bhasma is an Ayurvedic formulation III PUTA 590 gms 550 gms 40 gms
of Naga, Vanga and Yashada. It is a classical ethical V PUTA 510 gms 480 gms 30 gms
economical medicament, effective in endocrinal VII PUTA 410 gms 395 gms 15 gms
disorders onlt the pharmaceutical processing as per text IX PUTA 361 gms 340 gms 21 gms
with systematic observation and technological updating X PUTA 330 gms 306 gms 24 gms
are needed. Naga, Vanga and Yashada can be
independently used in clinical practice but as per metallic Analytical study:
shift theory the judicious combination of these three are 1. Physical tests:
safer and scientifically more acceptable form with least
side effects and enormous, neuroimmunoendocrinal TESTS RESULTS
therapeutic benefits. Hence the study preparation and Total Ash, w/w 99.25%
physico- chemical analysis of Trivanga is undertaken. Acid insoluble ash, w/w 38.72%
MATERIALS & METHODS: Loss on ignition, w/w 0.75%
1. Pharmaceutical study: Comprises: pH 10.10
1. Samanya Shodhana of Naga, Vanga and Yashada in
Tila taila, Takra, Gomutra, Kulattha Qwatha and Kanji.
2.Chemical tests: Trivanga bhasma-
2. Vishesha shodhana of Naga, Vanga and Yashada in
Stannous Oxide 28.4%
Choornodaka.
Lead 17.72%
3. Trivanga jarana with Apamarga panchanga churana.
4. Preparation of Trivanga bhasma by subjecting to 10 Zinc 29.23%,
Laghu putas. Total sulphur 10.43%,
2. Analytical study: Iron 0.37%
Physical tests: Total Ash value, Acid insoluble ash,
PH & Loss on drying of Trivanga bhasma. 3.Particle size:
Chemical tests: Quantitative assay of Sn, Pb, Zn, S SL.NoSample reference Results of particle size
& Fe in Trivanga bhasma. 01. Jarita Trivanga 5-6 microns
Particle size: Jarita Trivanga & Trivanga Bhasma 02. Trivanga Bhasma 4-5 microns
NPST: Trivanga bhasma.
X-RD studies: Jarita Trivanga & Trivanga Bhasma. 4.NPST: Trivanga bhasma
RESULTS: Pharmaceutical study: First phase: Dark brown centered spot changes to
Name of the Net weight After After Vishesha
orange surrounded with glittering golden yellow
Metal samanya shodhana
periphery spreading outwards. Second phase: The
shodhana
pattern and colour of the spot continues. Third phase:
NAGA 1000 gms 910 gms 880 gms
The colour changes to a deep orange center with yellow
VANGA 1000 gms 903 gms 888 gms
YASHADA 1000 gms 900 gms 873 gms circle, white margin with completely faded brown.
 Newsletter of ARMARC 3 MAY -2009
5.X-ray Diffraction:
• The XRD report of Trivanga Bhasma revels that it is
Jarita Trivanga Name, Composition, Crystal complex of three compounds Viz. SnO2, PbO, ZnO.
structure • Trivanga Bhasma is a Novel poly-crystalline complex

TIN molecule but not a mere combination of Naga Bhasma,

Tin, Sn Tetragonal
LEAD Lead, Pb Cubic Vanga Bhasma and Yashada Bhasma.
Zinc oxide, ZnOHexagonal SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY:
ZINC
• Validation and comparison of different methods of

Trivanga bhasma preparation of Trivanga Bhasma explained in classics

TIN Stannous oxide, SnO2 Tetragonal
LEAD Lead oxide, PbO Tetragonal
ZINC Zinc oxide, ZnO Hexagonal
CONCLUSION:
• Rasa Chandamshu is the first text to mention the
method of preparation of Trivanga Bhasma. All the
three metals produce putrid smell on heating hence
are categorized as Puti lohas.
• To obtain good quality Trivanga Bhasma 10 Laghu
Putas with an average temperature of 4750 C – 5750
C is required. By the end of 10th Puta all Bhasma
Pareekshas were found positive in Trivanga Bhasma.
• Quantitative analysis of Trivanga Bhasma contains Tin
- 28.4%, Lead – 17.72%, and Zinc – 29.23%.
can be studied.
• Comparative clinical trial of Trivanga Bhasma
prepared by different pharmaceutical procedures.
• Acute and Sub acute Toxicity Studies of Trivanga
Bhasma.
• Further chemical analysis can be studied to find out
chemical configuration by using EPMA, NMR etc. Use
of Modern techniques to know what is the
actual chemical reaction taking place with in the
Sharava samputa and temperature reading with
optical Pyrometer during the process can be studied.
• Trivanga Bhasma prepared with Vanga, Naga and
Rajata (Rajata in the place of Yashada) can also be
prepared and comparative study can be taken up.
***********

(Continued from April edition.....)

CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION THROUGH
TAKRA DHARA
Dr.Ravindra Kumar Arahunasi M.D(Ayu) Lecturer Dept of Kayachikitsa
B.M.J.Ayurvedic Medical College, Gajendragad, Gadag (Dist)
Effect on therapy on Cardinal signs:
B.P. Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
S.B.P. 165.11 138.22 26.89 16.29 9.49 3.16 8.50 <0.001
D.B.P. 98.22 87.11 11.11 11.31 3.76 1.25 8.87 <0.001
The initial mean SBP value of the 15 patients before treatment was 165.11 declined to 138.22 after
treatment. By giving 16.29% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant.
Diastolic blood pressure value of 15 patients before treatment was 98.22% declined to 87.11 after
treatment. By giving 11.31% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant.
Effect on Headache:
Headache Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2.00 0.73 1.27 63.5 0.78 0.24 5.29 <0.001
The initial mean headache value of 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.73 after treatment. By
giving 63.5% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant.
 Newsletter of ARMARC 4 MAY -2009

Effect on Giddiness:
Giddiness Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2.00 0.7 1.3 65.00 0.8 0.25 5.2 <0.001
The initial mean Giddiness value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.7 after treatment. By
giving 65% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant.
Effect on Dyspnoea:
Dyspnoea Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2.00 0.89 1.11 55.5 1.05 0.35 3.17 <0.02
The initial mean Dyspnoea value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.89 after treatment.
By giving 55.5% relief with value of P<0.02 the statistical analysis shows improvement.
Effect on Chest pain:
Chest pain Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2.00 0.4 1.25 62.5 1.03 0.37 3.38 <0.01
The initial mean Chest pain value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.4 after treatment.
By giving 62.5% relief with value of P<0.01 the statistical analysis shows significant.
Effect on Palpitation:
Palpitation Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2.00 0.36 1.64 82 0.67 0.2 8.2 <0.001
The initial mean Palpitation value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.36 after treatment.
By giving 82% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant.
Effect on Fatigue:
Fatigue Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2.00 0.83 1.17 58.5 0.98 0.4 2.93 <0.02
The initial mean Fatigue value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.83 after treatment. By
giving 58.5% relief with value of P<0.02 the statistical analysis shows improvement.
Effect on Tinnitus:
Tinnitus Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2.00 0.43 1.57 78.5 0.22 0.08 19.63 <0.001
The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.43 after treatment.
By giving 78.5% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant.
Effect on Vision disturbance:
Vision Mean X% Relief SD± S.E.± T P
disturbance BT AT
2 0.5 1.5 75 0.7 0.7 0 >0.05
The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.5 after treatment.
By giving 75% relief with value of P>0.05 the statistical analysis shows not significant.
Effect on Epistaxis:
Epistaxis Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2 0 2 100 1.15 0.82 2.44 >0.05
 Newsletter of ARMARC 5 MAY -2009

The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0 after treatment. By
giving 100% relief with value of P>0.05 the statistical analysis shows not significant.
Effect on Haemaptysis:
Haemaptysis Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P
BT AT
2 0 2 100 0 0 1 >0.05
The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0 after treatment.
By giving 100% relief with value of P>0.05 the statistical analysis shows not significant.

ASSESSMENT No. of pts. %

Excellent response(> 75%) 6 40
Good response(50 – 75%) 4 26.67
Marked response(25 – 50%) 3 20
Mild response(< 25%) 2 13.33
Shirodhara Karmukata:

By the help of neuropsychological evidence of ANS and CNS, it can be very well inferred that Takra
Dhara is not merely a local pouring of medicated Takra but it has got wonderful effect on Essential hypertension
through normalizing the metabolism of neurotransmitters and increasing the intensity of alpha brain waves.
Main anatomical structures involved in the Takra Dhara are supra orbital, internal and external carotids.
Middle meningeal arteries, angular facial veins and cavernous sinus, superior sagittal sinus many peripheral
nerve endings of facial, Trigeminal, cranial and spinal nerves are also involved.
This process is having direct links with brain through neural pathways connecting the hypothalamus
which is responsible for the regulation of mood sleep, rhythm, behavioral pattern, blood pressure and autonomic
balance by stimulating them and producing the desired results.

Stimulation of shirogata marmas, meditation and awakening of chakras, pressure effect of Dhara stream
and its consequent effect of above said factors evidently proved that the claim of Ayurvedic texts as “Siras
talvantara gatam sarvendriya param Manaha” (Bhela Samhita).
It can be concluded here that Takra Dhara has got wonderful effect in the management of Essential
hypertension and prevention of complications.

CONCLUSION:
From this clinical study, the final conclusion can be drawn from the deductive reasoning of the relevant
information and non-deceiving data comprehended in the present study.
Regarding the Nidana factors mainly genetic, dietary, psychological and environmental factors were
observed practically, it might be asserted that none of these factors influence the expression of the disease in
segregation. They interact amongst each other in a variety of permutations to compliment and compound the
resultant effect on this pathological phenomenon. Hence, it is known as multi factorial disease.
Takra Dhara offered better results in pacifying the entire range of symptomatology and mainly the
cardinal signs.
As the study was concluded over a small sample, a similar study performed over a large sample for a
longer period would have procured much sharper and more accurate results.
 Newsletter of ARMARC
Phytomedicines, A Need of Present Era
Bhavya D.C Dr. Prashant Kr. Jha
Quality Control Laboratories, A.L.N.Rao Memorial
Ayurvedic Medical College, Koppa
It is true as per the Hindu mythology that the
supernatural power puts the things as solution first then
the problems. It is our understanding of the materials to
make a productive insight in these regards. Apparently
we find the medicinal preparations derived from natural
sources, especially from plants, being used since time
immemorial for various alterations coming to our
knowledge time to time. India and China are most
probably ahead of any country and civilization in long
fixed look of use of plant-based medications. Still these
are main source of medicines for a bigger mass in these
countries. Advent of new and synthetic medicines have
tried to invade with fast relieving promising but yet miles
have to go as phytomedicines as a whole are not only
better suited by means of easy availability (except those
from rare/vulnerable) plants but also having less side-
effects.
Awaited arrival of pharmaceutical chemistry
during the early twentieth century have brought the
ability of plants to synthesize an enormous variety of
medicinal drug molecules before us and allowed the
treatment of previously incurable and/or life-threatening
diseases, but with proper alignments of side effects more
than drug as a whole. Not surprising if it is getting
popularity due to easy handling and better potency. In
addition, the search for new drugs against a variety of
illnesses through chemical synthesis and other modern
approaches has not been encouraging.
The emergence of new infectious diseases, the
proliferation of disorders such as cancer, and growing
multidrug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms, have
prompted renewed interest in the discovery of potential
drug molecules from medicinal plants. World Health
Organization (WHO) is advocating these medicines and,
so is globally accepted as a valid alternative system of
therapy in the form of pharmaceuticals, functional foods,
etc.
Various studies around the world, especially in
Germany have been initiated to develop scientific
evidence-based rational herbal therapies. They have
started documentation and characterization of these
medicines from a large number of medicinal plants what
they are getting either in ancient texts or receiving as
from ethnic people who have received these through
generation to geneartion. New plant sources of medicine
generally known today as bioactive
6 MAY -2009
phytocompounds are also being discovered. These are
done in the light of questions concerning the safety, cy-
totoxicity, and side-effects of synthetic compounds, and
the need to find new medicines, including new antibiot-
ics to manage infectious diseases caused by multiresis-
tant pathogens and substances to treat chronic diseases.
Phytosciences comprise the use of medicinal
plants and their bioactive phytocompounds with
scientific knowledge about them. This is an integrated
science outcome of combination of a range of disciplines
that have never been linked before, combining several
different areas of economic, social, and political fields,
chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology,
medicine, and agriculture.
In this, researchers determine the authorities of
claims in traditional medicines with scientific data. They
also investigate the benefits of these drugs for the health
other than their mechanism of action. Within the range
of Phytosciences researchers are working on elucidation
of side-effects in addition. Recent works have proved
the general beliefs wrong that bioactive
phytocompounds are safe, they don’t have inherent risks
just like all active chemical compounds. They calculate
appropriate dosages, identify the bioactive components,
and define the best methods of extraction and
conservation. Different countries with varying rules and
regulations regarding the prescription and sale of these
drugs are the biggest matter of debate on world stage
to make the things similar throughout the globe. The
varying regulations in different jurisdictions allowing the
prescription and sale of these products add confusion
to the formal use of bioactive phytocompounds.
There is unlimited scope of this science, hence
it needs a team work to make any decision with
conclusion. It is impractical to discuss all the aspects of
this emerging science in one way. Therefore, the
antimicrobial activity of bio-active phytocompounds,
particularly their use against multidrug-resistant bacteria
and fungi, their mechanisms of action, and their
interactions with macromolecules and potential toxicity
for mammalian cells etc. are needed. The technical
aspects regarding the development of fast and reliable
methods of extraction, high-output screening systems
and observations on essential oils and crude extracts
and fractions are also significant. Problems related to
the efficacy, stability, drug delivery systems and quality
control come to essentiality before full fledge use of
these medicines for humanity.
 Newsletter of ARMARC 7 MAY -2009
Formulation Profile (Series-A/6) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/7)
Kshirabala Tail Ativisha (Root)
Prof. D.K.Mishra M.D (Ay) Dr. Mahesh.M.M 1. Prof. M. Vidyasagar 2. Prof. K.S.Sanjay
Bhavya D.C 3. Dr. Hari Venkatesh 4. Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha
Biological Source- It consists of dried, tuberous roots
Ingredients: of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex. Royle (Fam,
Bala mula - 1 Phala Ranunculaceae).
Habitat- It is found in Garhwal, Kumaon and Kashmir
Tail - 1 Prasta
at altitude between 2,500-4,000 m.
Kshira - 4 Phala
Habit- Glabrous or upper part downy, stems 1-3 ft,
(Ref;Sahasra yoga)
leafy, rarely branched; lower leaves stalked, orbicular
or broadly ovate, cordate,
General method of senha paka: more or less 5-lobed, teeth
Medicated sneha is prepared by mixing one obtuse or acute; upper leaves
part of kalka, four part of sneha and sxiteen part of any stem-clasping, lanceolate, not
dravadravy like jala,kwatha, swarasa,dugda etc. If lobed, sharply toothed; flow
sneha to be prepared with ksira, dadhi, swarasa or -ers in 1 inch long, dull green
takra, then the quantity of kalka should be added in -blue with purple-veins; hel
1/8th of the liquids. The duration of paka period -met pointed in front, top ro
-unded; lateral sepals as long as the helmet.
depends on the nature of the drava dravya added to
Macroscopic- Roots are ovoid-conical in with gradual
sneha as mentioned.
decreasing thickness to tapering end; 1.5-7.2 cm long,
0.3-1.7 cm in size; with light ash-grey to grey-brown
Ksira - 2 days. outer skin and starchy white inner surface in colour;
Swarasa - 3 days having wrinkles with rootlets scars on outer surface;
Takra, aranala etc - 5 days fracture short, starchy exhibiting uniform white surface
Kwaha - 12 days with 4-7 concentric yellowish-brown dots; taste bitter.
Here depending upon the nature of drava Microscopic- The outline of the transverse section root
dravya, the time duration of the sneha paka is specifically is almost circular with wavy margin. It shows single
mentioned becouse each drava dravya will have its own layers of epiblema followed by ruptured 5-8 layered
concetration and also releasing capacity of active cork cells in matured root. Below the cork cells a wide
zone of cortex consisting of parenchyma cells and filled
ingredients into the sneha.
with starch grains are found. This is followed by barrel-
shaped endodermis, below which ring of vascular bundle
Uses: It is used internal & external, all type of vata
with interfascicular cambium is found. In the centre,
vyadhi. parenchymatous cells similar to those of cortex and filled
Analytical study: with starch grains are found.
Loss on drying: 1.2 % Powder- It is ash to light-brown in colour exhibiting
Refractive index: 1.4659 the abundant of starch grains, parenchymatous cells,
Acid value: 5.8 vessels and fibres.
Saponification value: 190.74
Chemical Constituents- The roots yield 0.79% of
Iodine value: 97
total alkaloids, of which atisin is 0.4%. Atisine is much
 Newsletter of ARMARC 8 MAY -2009
less toxic than aconitine and pseudoaconitine (The inert

PRINTED MATTER/BOOK POST

character of the plant is well known to the hill people,
who often use it as a vegetable). It also contains other

RNI Regd No. KARENG/2002/7924

alkaloids like dihydroatisine, heteroatisine, hetisine etc.

Action- It is often regarded as nonpoisosnous,

antiperiodic, antiinflammatory, astringent (used in cough,
diarrhoea, dyspepsia), tonic (used after fevers),
febrifuge, antispasmodic (used in irritability of stomach
and abdominal pains) and is used as potent
immunostimulant properties. It is very good used in
emesis and helminthiasis.

Important Formulations – Visagarbha taila, sudarshana COME! JOIN THE ARMARC NETWORK

churna, balchadurbhadra churna etc. INDIA

Dose - 0.6-2.0 g of the drug in powder form Student(Rs. 50), Individual(Rs. 100), Institution(Rs.
150) Patron (Rs. 1000)

New Reseacrhes In Medical Science
* Dendritic cells, which present antigens to immature
T cells to prime them for action against pathogens,
seem to contribute to autoimmune disease. But
recent findings suggest they can prevent
autoimmunity as well.
* A Miami-based biotechnology start-up company
called Beeologics is developing an antiviral drug that
exploits an ancient immune mechanism called RNA
interference. Cells in most animals and plants use
shortinterfering RNA (siRNA) segments to inhibit
the formation of viral proteins
* The first diagnostic criterion for post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) is having experienced
trauma.
For All Pharmacopoeial Analysis, Standardization
of Single as well as Compound Drugs, with
Spectrophotometer, Flame Photomeneter, Photo-
micrograph etc. at nominal charges Contact:
Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha CIPR, DIM, PGDEE, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Quality Control Laboratories, ALN Rao Me-
morial Medical College, Koppa
OVERSEAS
USD 10
Membership fees, which includes an annual
subscription to the newsletter, may be sent by
MO, DD or Crossed Cheque addressed to Princi-
pal, ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical Col-
lege, Koppa, Chikmagalur Dt. Karnataka - 577 126.
On receipt of the fees, each member will be
issued a receipt and a membership card, both
of which should be preserved carefully. The
receipt number and the membership number
should be referred to in all transactions. The
membership is to be renewed each year and
the new receipt number noted on the member-
ship card by each member. On producing the
card, special discount can be availed on
ARMARC publications.
Note: All the original scientific papers are invited
from the works of scientific field. Mail (Post/E-
mail) us.
Aroor Ravi Memorial Ayurvedic Research Centre

Your Suggestions and Queries are invited.

Patron
Honourable A. Ramesh Rao
Editor: Prof (Dr.) M.Vidyasagar & Co-Editor: Dr.Prashant kumar Jha
Research Co-ordinator Dr. Mahesh.M.Madalageri
Printed and Published by ARMARC on behalf of Honourable A. Ramesh Rao, Koppa, Chikmagalur Dt., Karnataka - 577126, India
(No. KARENG/2002/7924, RNI, New Delhi)
email: armarc_koppa@yahoo.com, prashantjha19@rediffmail.com URL:www.alnrmamc.com