TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRASOV

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY

MACHINE ELEMENTS DISCIPLINE

YEAR PROJECT NO. 1

TELESCOPIC LIFTING JACK

STUDENT: APOSTOL ANDREEA STEFANIA

FACULTY: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SECTION: AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
YEAR: II
GROUP: 1711

SUPERVISER:
Eng: TODI- EFTIMIE ALINA

ACADEMIC YEAR:
2012- 2013

CONTENTS
Memorandum of calculation
1. ESTABLISHING THE LOADINGS ON THE ELEMENTS OF THE
JACK3
2. MAIN SCREW
CALCULUS..3
2.1. Choosing the
material3
2.2.Design
calculus3
2.3. Checking the self-locking
condition4
2.4. Checking at composed
stresses5
2.5. Buckling
checking..6
3. SECONDARY SCREW
CALCULUS7
3.1. Choosing the
material7
3.2. Calculus of the number of threads of the main screw nut (located inside the
secondary screw)
7
3.3. Choosing the exterior
thread7
3.4. Checking the self-locking
condition8
3.5. Checking at composed
stresses...9
4.FIXED NUT
CALCULUS..9
4.1. Choosing the
material..9
4.2. Calculus of the number of threads
9
4.3. Checking the
neck10
4.4. Choosing the dimmension of the
nut11
4.5. Checking the nut at compound
loads..12
4.6. Checking the
coller.12
4.7. Choosing and checking the stud nut that secures the nut in the jacks body .12

5.CALCULUS OF THE
BODY.13
6.CALCULUS OF THE
CUP15
7.EFFICIENCY
CALCULUS16
8. THE METHODOLOGY OF DESIGNING A VERTICAL RATCHET
MECHANISM..17
8.1. Mechanism
sketch..17
8.2. The handle length
calculus..17
8.3. Lengthener
calculus..18
8.4. Ratchet wheel
calculus.18
8.5.Ratchet
calculus..20
9. TECHNICAL SECURITY WORK
RULES24
10.SUPPORTING STATEMENT REGARDING THE CHOICE OF THE MATERIALS,
THE BLANKS AND COSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE MAIN PARTS OF THE
JACK(NUTS, BOLTS)
25
11. TEHNICAL SECURITY STANDARDS OF
WORK27
12.REFERENCES
28

1.ESTABLISHING THE LOADINGS ON THE ELEMENTS OF THE

TELESCOPIC LIFTING JACK

Fig 1.1
2. MAIN SCREW CALCULUS
2.1. Choosing the material
It is chosen OLC 50 STAS 500/2
2.2. Design calculus
Load calculation Qc , N
Qc = Q = 1.08 19250 = 20790 [ N ]

=1.05..1.1

Q =19250 N

Inner diameter of the thread d 3 , mm

4 Qc
4 20790
d3 =
=
= 23.0089 [ mm ]
ac
50
ac = 40...60 [ MPa ]

Choosing the standard thread

It is chosen trapezoidal thread Tr 32x6, with the main dimmensions as
shown in Fig 2.1 and Table 2.1.

Fig 2.1
Nominal
Diameter

Pitch

Medium
Diameter

Exterior
Diameter

Interior Diameter

Table 2.1.
Angle

d , mm

p, mm

d 2 = D2 , mm

D4 , mm

d 3 , mm

D1 , mm

32

29

33

25

26

30

2.3. Checking the self-locking condition

The threads pitching angle , 2 , degrees
2 = arctg

P
6
= arctg
= 3.76
d2
29

Apparent friction angle, ' , degrees

0 ,12
' = arctg
= arctg
= 7.08

30
cos

cos

=0,11...0,12 for steel/steel

Self-locking condition 2 < '

2 = 3.76 < 7.08= ' (condition accomplished)
2.4. Checking at composed stresses
The torsion moment that acts on the screw M t , Nmm

Fig 2.2
Mt = M f =

d 3 d 03 1
1
35 3 5 3
Q c2
=

0
,
12

19250

=
3
d c d 02 3
35 2 5 2

27431.25 [ Nmm ]
= 0 ,11...0 ,12
d c = d + ( 2...6 ) [ mm ] = 32 + 3 = 35[ mm ]
d 0 = 6...10 [ mm ] = 5 [ mm ]

Effective compression tension, c , MPa

4 Q 4 19250
=
= 39.21[ MPa ]
d 32
25 2
Effective torsion tension t , MPa

c =

t =

16 M t 16 27431.25
=
= 8.94 [ MPa ]
d 33
25 3

Equivalent tension e , MPa

e = c2 + 4 t2 ac
e = 39.212 + 4 8.94 2 = 43.09 [ MPa ] ac = 50 [ MPa ]
(condition accomplished)

2.5. Buckling checking

Slendering coefficient

Fig 2.3
l f = k l = k ( H l + m)
m = 36 [ mm ]
H l = 97

lf
imin

255
= 40.8
6.25

l f = k l = 2 133 = 266 [ mm ]
l = H l + m = 97 + 36 = 133[ mm ]

d 34
I
64 = d 3 = 25 = 6.25[ mm ]
imin = min
A
4
4
d 32
4
Buckling domain
plastic buckling
c=

f
c

ca

f = 335 0.62 for OL 50

f = 335 0.62 40.8 = 309.704

c=

309.704
= 7.89
39.21

The safety coefficient for buckling

c a = 3..5

c> ca (condition accomplished)

3. SECONDARY SCREW CALCULUS
3.1. Choosing the material
It is chosen OLC 50 STAS 500/2
3.2.

Calculus of the number of threads of the main screw nut (located inside the
secondary screw)

z=

4Q
4 19250
=
= 7.04
2
2
2
( d D1 ) p a ( 32 26 ) 10
2

p a = 7..13MPa

Number of turns

Fig 3.1
It is chosen
6 z 10
z =8

Length of the nut

H pl = z P = 8 6 = 48 [ mm ]

3.3.

Choosing the exterior thread

Adopting the preliminary internal diameter of the thread d 3 , mm

d 3 = D0 + ( 8...10 )mm = 38 + 9 = 47 [ mm ]
D0 = D4 + ( 4...6 )mm = 33 + 5 = 38 [ mm ]

Choosing the standardized thread

It is chosen trapezoidal standardized thread Tr 60x9 mm
with main dimmensions presented in Figure 3.2. and Table 3.1.

Fig 3.2
Nominal
Diameter

Pitch

p, mm
9

d , mm

60
3.4.

Medium
Diameter

Exterior
Diameter

d 2 = D2 , mm

D4 , mm

55.5

61

Table 3.1.
Interior Diameter
d 3 , mm

50

D1 , mm

51

Checking the self-locking condition

The threads pitching angle 2 ,degrees
2 = arctg

P
9
= arctg
= 2.95
d2
55

Apparent friction angle , ' , degrees

' = arctg

cos

= arctg

0 ,12
= 7.08
30
cos
2

= 0 ,11...0 ,12[ mm] for steel/ steel

Self-locking condition
2 = 2.95 < ' = 7.08

(condition accomplished)

3.5. Checking at composed stresses

The torsion moment that acts on the screw M t , Nmm

d2
55.5
tg ' + 2 = 19250
tg (7.08 + 2.95 ) = 94480.09 [ Nmm ]
2
2
Effective compression tension c , MPa

M t = M insII = Q

c =

4Q
4 19250
=
= 23.21[ MPa ]
2
2
d 3 D0
50 2 38 2

 Effective torsion tension t , MPa

t =

Mt

( d 34 D04 )
16 d 3

94480.09

( 50 4 38 4 )
16 41

= 5.77 [ MPa ]

Equivalent tension e , MPa

e = c2 + 4 t2 ac
ac = 60...80 [ MPa ]
e = 23.212 + 5.77 2 = 25.92[ MPa ] ac = 70 [ MPa ]

(condition accomplished)

4. FIXED NUT CALCULUS

4.1. Choosing the material
It is chosen OL 50 STAS 500/2

4.2. Calculus of the number of threads

Number of threads, z

Fig 4.1.

z=

4Q
4 19250
=
= 2.45
2
2
2
( d D1 ) p a ( 60 51 ) 10
2

pa = 5..6 MPa for steel/steel

6 z 10

d = Tr = 55
It si chosen :
z = 6 threads

10

 Length of the nut H pII , mm

H pII = z P = 6 9 = 54[mm]

4.3. Checking the nut

Fig 4.2.
Bending and shearing checking
Cast iron nut (bending)

i =

3 Q ( d2 d3 )
ai
d3 h2 z

h = 0.634 P = 0634 9 = 5.706 [ mm ]

ai = 60...80 [ MPa ]

3 19250 ( 55.5 50 )
= 10.35 ai
50 5.706 2 6
(condition accomplished)
Cast iron nut (shearing)

i =

f =

Q
af
d3 h z

af = 30..35 [ MPa ]
f =

19250
= 3.57 [ MPa ] af
50 5 ,706 6

(condition accomplished)

4.4. Choosing the nut dimensions

11

 Exterior diameter of the body De , mm

Fig 4.4
De = D4 + ( 8...10 ) mm = 61 + 9 = 70 mm

Exterior diameter of the neck D g , mm

D g = De + ( 16...20 ) mm = 70 + 18 = 88 [ mm ]

Height of the neck h g , mm

hg =8...12[ mm] =10[ mm]

4.5. Checking the nut at composed stresses

Effective traction tension t , MPa
4 Q
4 19250
t =
=
= 20.78 [ MPa ]
2
2
De D4 70 2 612

Effective torsion tension t , MPa

M insII
94480.09
t =
=
= 3.31[ MPa ]

4
4
4
4
( De D4 )
(70 61 )
16 De
16 70
Equivalent tension e , MPa
e = t2 + 4 t2 = 21.22 2 + 4 0.000326 2 = 21.22[ MPa ] at
at = 60...80 [ MPa ]

(condition accomplished)

4.6. Checking the coller

Crushing check s , MPa

12

4 Q
4 19250
=
= 8.61[ MPa ] as = 60 [ MPa ] (condition
2
2
( Dg De ) ( 88 2 70 2 )
accomplished)

s =

Shearring check f , MPa

f =

Q
19250
=
= 8.75 [ MPa ] af
De hg 70 10

af = 40...55[ MPa ]

(condition accomplished)

4.7. Choosing and checking the stud nut that secures the nut in the jacks
body
Choosing the stud nut
Fig 4.5
It is chosen stud nut M5x16 mm, with notch, cylindrical pin,
represented in figure 4.6.

Fig 4.6.
The friction moment on the surface of the neck Mg , [ N m]
Mg =

D g3 De3 1
1
88 3 70 3
Q 2
=

0
,
17

19250

= 129822.97 [ Nmm ]
3
D g De2 3
88 2 70 2

=0.15...0.2 steel / steel

The moment in the pin M s , Nmm

M s = M insII M g = 94480.09 129822.97 = 35342.88 [ Nmm ]

5. CALCULUS OF THE BODY

13

 Choosing the dimensions of the body

Fig 5.1.

Dci = De + ( 2...6 ) [ mm ] = 70 + 5 = 75[ mm ]

= 5...7 = 6
= 7...8 [ mm ] = 7 [ mm ]
t = 10...12 [ mm ] = 10 [ mm ]
H 1 = H max + ( 30...50 ) [ mm ] = 150 + 50 = 200 [ mm ]
Dbi = ( 2 H 1 tg ) + Dci = 2 200 tg 6 + 75 = 117 [ mm ]
Dbe = Dbi + ( 30...50 ) [ mm ] = 117 + 40 = 157 [ mm ]
H II rising height of the secondary screw

H c = H 1 + H pII hg + ( 0...10 ) [ mm ] = 200 + 54 10 + 1 = 245 [ mm ]

Checking the body at compression c , MPa

c =

4 Q
4 19250
=
= 11.56 [ MPa ] ac
2
2
D g Dci 88 2 75 2

c = 60..80 MPa
(condition accomplished)
Checking the underlying surface at crushing s , MPa

s =

4 Q
4 19250
=
= 2.23[ MPa ] as
2
2
Dbe Dbi 157 2 117 2

as = 2...2 ,5[ MPa ]

(condition accomplished)

6. CALCULUS OF THE CUP

6.1. Telescopic lifting jack cup

14

 Choosing the pin which consolidates the cup to the main screw p, MPa
p=

4 Q
4 19250
=
= 20.42[ MPa ] pa
2
2
dc d0
88 2 5 2

p a = 25..40 MPa
(condition accomplished)
Choosing cylindrical slotted screw and cylindrical plug which prevents axial
displacement of the cup

It is chosen a slotted cylindrical head screw and cylindrical plug M8x1

STAS 7517 Group A-5.8. Whose dimensions are represented in Figure 6.1

Fig 6.1.
Checking weakened section of the screw head composite applications

Fig 6.2.

15

d ci = d c 2 c3 2[ mm ] = 35 2 5 2 = 23[ mm ]

c =
t =

4 Q 4 19250
=
= 46.33[ MPa ]
d ci2
23 2
16 M f

3
ci

16 27431.25
= 11.48 [ MPa ]
23 3

e = c + 4 t2 = 46.33 2 + 4 11.48 2 = 51.70 [ MPa ] ac

2

ac = 60...80 [ MPa ]
(condition accomplished)

7. EFFICIENCY CALCULUS
Efficiency of the telescopic lifting jack

If using a spigot to slip between the screw head and cup

tg 2
tg 3.76
=
= 0 ,22
3
3
2 0 ,12 35 3 5 3
2 d c d0
'
tg ( 7.08 + 3.76 ) +

tg + 2 + 2
3 29 35 2 5 2
3 d 2 d c d 02

8. THE METHODOLOGY OF DESIGNING A VERTICAL RATCHET

MECHANISM

8.1. Mechanism sketch:

16

Fig 8.1

8.2. The handle length calculus

8.2.1 Momentul ncovoietor total M it , [ Nmm]
M it = M m = M f + M ins = 27431.25 + 94480.09 = 95585.63 = 121911.34 [ Nmm ]

8.2.2 The acting force of one worker, Fm , N

Fm = 150...350 [ N ]

It is chosen Fm=350[N]
The calculus length of the handle, Lc , mm

8.2.3

Lc =

M it
121911.34
=
= 348.31[ mm ]
K n Fm
1 1 350

n = 1 or 2 no. of workers
n=1
k=1

8.2.1. Length of the handle,

17

L, mm

L = Lc + l0 = 348.31 + 50 = 398 ,31[ mm ]

l0 = 50[mm] for n = 1

8.3. Lengthener calculus

8.3.1. Lengthener length

L p , mm

Lm = 0 ,35 L = 0 ,35 398.31 = 139.40 [ mm ]

L p = L Lm + l = 398.31 139.40 + 69 = 327.9 [ mm ]
l = 50...80 [ mm ]
l = 69 [ mm ]

8.3.2. Lengthener diameter

d pi = 3

32 k n Fm ( L p l0 )

ai

=3

d pe , mm

32 1 1 350 ( 327.9 50 )
= 19.77 20 [ mm ]
120

ai = 120 [ mPa ]

Diametrul exterior al prelungitorului d pe , mm

d pe = 25 mm

Verificarea prelungitorului la solicitarea de ncovoiere i , [ MPa ]

i =

32 k n Fm ( L p lo l )d pe

( d pe d pi )
4

32 1 1 350 ( 327.9 50 69 ) 25
= 80.73[ MPa ]
( 25 4 20 4 )

80.73[ MPa ] ai = 100..120 [ MPa ]

(condition accomplished)

8.4. Ratchet wheel calculus

Choosing the material
It is chosen OL 50 STAS 500/2

8.4.1. Choosing the dimensions

Wheel dimensions
Dm = (1,6...1,8) d = 1,6 55 = 88[ mm]
Dm = 88[ mm]
z =8

18

Dm

88

= 17.27[mm]
2z
2 8
h = ( 0,6...0,8) b = 0,6 17.27 = 10.36[ mm]
Di = Dm h = 88 10.36 = 77.64[mm]
De = Dm + h = 88 +10.36 = 98.36[ mm]
a 0,5 d (1..2) = 0,5 55 1 = 26.5[ mm]
a = 26.5[ mm]

Fig 8.2

8.4.2. Checking the ratchet wheel under stresses

Checking the cog at bending i , MPa
3 F1 h 3 2147.27 10.36
=
= 22.37 [ MPa ] ai
b 2
17.27 2 10
2 M it 2 94480.09
F1 =
=
= 2147.27 [ N ]
Dm
88

i =

= 8...10 [ mm ]
= 10 [ mm ]
ai = 100...120 [ MPa ]
ai = 120 [ MPa ]

(condition accomplished)
Checking the cog at shearing f , MPa
F1
2147.27
=
= 12.43[ MPa ] af
b 17.27 10
= 80...100 [ MPa ]

f =
af

(condition accomplished)
Checking the contact surface of the cog at crushing
F1
2147.27
=
= 20.72 [ MPa ] as
h 10 10.36
= 100...120 [ MPa ]

s =
as

19

(condition accomplished)
Checking the assembly on polygonal contour at crushing s , MPa

Fig 8.3

s =

2 M it 2 94480.09
=
= 93.17 [ MPa ] as
a2 t
13 2 12

t = + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12 [ mm ]
as = 100...120 [ MPa ]
(condition accomplished)
8.5. Ratchet calculus

8.5.1. Choosing the material

It si chosen OL 50 STAS 500/2

8.5.2. Choosing the dimensions

Locating ratchet sizes in mm
1 = (0,5...0,6) = 0,5 10 = 5[mm]
De
98.36
+ h + (2...4) =
+ 10.36 + 3 = 62.54[mm]
2
2
D = d pe + (4...6) = 22 + 4 = 26[ mm]

l1 =

h1 =

D
26
(0,5...1) 1 =
1 5 = 8
2
2

Ratchet size,in mm
l 2 = h1 + 1 + t = 8 + 5 + 12 = 25[mm]
h2 =

Dm
88
b 1 =
17.27 1 = 16.28 16[mm]
z
8

20

Fig 8.4

8.5.3. Checking the ratchet at excentric compression

Total tension i , MPa

i =

6 F1 a1 6 2172.4 12
=
= 58.97[ MPa ] ai
2
10.36 16 2
h h2

ai = 100...120[ MPa]
a1 = t + 1 0,5 = 12 + 5 0.5 10 = 12
(condition accomplished)

8.5.4. Ratchets pin calculus

8.5.5. Choosing the material
It is choosen OL 50 STAS 500/2
8.5.6.

Size selection

It is recommend choosing a smaller bolt head, which will process a fixation

pin hole. Choice recommend bolts with diameter 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm.
d b = 12mm

Checking the pin at stresses

Checking the pin at shearing f , MPa

21

f =

4R
4 2482.7
=
= 21.95[ MPa ] af
2
12 2
db

af = 60...80 [ MPa ]
(condition accomplished)
R = F1

a1
12
= 2172.4
= 2482.7
a2
10.5

a2 = h1 +

1
5
= 8 + = 10.5
2
2

Fig.8.5

Checking the pin at crushing

s =

R
2482.7
=
= 19.97[ MPa ] as
d b h 12 10.36

as = 60...80[ MPa]
(condition accomplished)
Checking the pin at bending

22

i =

16 R h 16 2482.7 10.36
=
= 75.8[ MPa] ai
12 3
db3

ai = 100...120[ MPa]
(condition accomplished)

9.

TECHNICAL SECURITY WORK RULES

The main work safety rules are:

- Jack repair if it failures will be made only by specialized people;
- Jack is not inserted at random load, but only in places specially designed to
load;
- To prevent accidents, if the load is lifted after the intervention under high
load, will always ensure load;

23

- For a better functioning of the jack it is recommended lubrication

periodic coupling of the jack screws ;
- Will not lift a load greater than indicated in calculations;
- To lift the load it will not use the ratchet drive mechanism provided in the
calculations only lengtheners;
-Use of any type of extensions can lead to forces than can lead to the breaking
of the mechanism, and so on to car accidents.

10.

SUPPORTING STATEMENT REGARDING THE CHOICE OF THE

MATERIALS, THE BLANKS AND COSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE
MAIN PARTS OF THE JACK(NUTS, BOLTS)

For proper functioning of the jack the screws need to be not only resistant
but also rigid. On that basis it will be chosen to manufacture screws from ordinary
materials (OL), as follows: the main screw is recommended OL 50, also, for
secondary nut and screw fixation is recommended OL 50. For the screw and nut
need to be used trapezoidal thread fixed to increase the rigidity of the mechanism.
To prevent wear to the cup assembly it can be chosen a heat treated or
thermochemical steel. The manufacturing of the ratchet mechanism operated
horizontally can also use ordinary materials, low alloy steels for general
engineering STAS 500 / In the making it will be used commercial tubes for
extension. When running the drive spring mechanism will be used hot rolled and
heat treated spring steel and for the blank springs is used carbon steel wire STAS
89.

24

11.

TEHNICAL SECURITY STANDARDS OF WORK

One nut lifting jack is included in the lifting mechanisms, of which cause must
be provided a series of instructions and measures to prevent and avoid
accidents at work.
Like any lifting mechanism, the lifting jack should ensure the self-braking
condition, meaning that when the jack operating stops, it will not fall bellow the
action of the lifting task. The self-braking condition is ensured by de screw-nut
mechanism.
The users of this lifting mechanism will be trained on how to work
correctly. It is recommended:
- The jack will be used only for manual acting;
- It will not be used for loads grater then 19250N. For this reason we will
mark, at a visible place, the maximum lifting load;
- The lifting load should not allow horizontal movement, to avoid the
inverting of the jack. Also is forbidden to lift the loads anchored on the
ground, for not overloading the jack;

25

The jack it will not be put directly on the ground, because its resistance
is unknown. In this way under the jack will be inserted a plate, from a
material sufficiently strong that will not allow the sliding of the jack in
horizontal plane;
- Checking the technical proper functioning of the jack before using it;
- There will not be unattended loads left on the jack;
- The jack storage it will be made such that sub-assemblies deformations
will be avoided, in dry places such that the crew-nut mechanism,
oxidations will be not favored, which will aggravate operating the jack
for the appearance of additional friction forces;
It will regularly be checked:
- The bolts to be provided with elastic rings, for safety;
- The levers are not deformed;
- The cup to be fixed well in the support;
- The screw-nut mechanism, not presenting advanced wear and it will be
permanently greased to reduce friction forces and immature wear;
- Check that no cracks exists on different parts of the jack;
-

12.

REFRENCES
1. ALEXANDRU, P. s.a. Mecanisme, vol. II. Universitatea din Brasov, 1984.
2. DRAGHICI, I. s.a. Indrumar de proiectare in constructia de masini, vol. I.
Bucuresti, Editura Tehnica, 1981.
3. DRAGHICI, I. s.a. Organe de masini. Culegere de probleme. Bucuresti, Editura
Didactica si Pedagogica, 1980.
4. GAFITANU, M. s.a. Organe de masini, vol. I. Bucuresti, Editura Tehnica, 1981
5. JULA, A. s.a. Organe de masini, Indrumar pentru proiectul de an nr. 1,
Universitatea din Brasov, 1986.

26

6. JULA, A. s.a. Organe de masini, vol. I. Universitatea din Brasov, 1986

7. MOLDOVEAN, GH. s.a. Calculul si proiectarea formei arborilor drepti. Brasov,
Editura Lux Libris, 1998
8. Culegere de norme si extrase din standarde pentru proiectarea elementelor
componente ale masinilor, vol. I si II. Universitatea din Brasov, 1984

27