Trial Examination 2: Maths Methods (Cas) 3 & 4 Solutions 2013

MATHS METHODS (CAS) 3 & 4
TRIAL EXAMINATION 2
SOLUTIONS
2013
SECTION 1 Multiple!"#i!e $%&'e(&
1) E *) + 1,) +
2) A 10) + 1-) D
3) A 11) C 1*) D
4) C 12) C 20) C
.) + 13) A 21) +
/) E 14) C 22) E
,) D 1.) D
-) E 1/) C
SECTION 1 Multiple!"#i!e &#luti#%&
0ue&ti#% 1
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
where
2
period
3
cos 2 ) (
2
,
_
n
n
x
x f
The answer is E.
0ue&ti#% 2
Do a quick sketch noting the restricted domain of g.
So
] 0 2 !
g
r
The answer is ".
0ue&ti#% 3
Do a quick sketch.
) (
# 0 $ %
&
) (
2

k r
R d
k
x
x f
f
f
The answer is ".
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(T)E)E**E+,", -+./0 2013 Maths Methods (CAS) 3 & 4 Trial Exam 2 solutions
P.O. Box 1180
Surrey Hills North VIC 3127
Phone 03 9836 021
!"x 03 9836 02
in#o$thehe##ern"n%rou&.'o(."u
))).thehe##ern"n%rou&.'o(."u
*H+
,-O.P
H+!!+-N/N
x
k
!
) ( x f !
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 2
x
!
) ( x g !
0ue&ti#% 4
)) 2 (cos( x h
is a composite function 3 so we use the chain ru4e to differentiate it.
5hain ru4e 3 fast wa6
) 2 sin( )) 2 (cos( 7 2
) 2 sin( 2 )) 2 (cos( 7 ))) 2 (cos( (
x x h
x x h x h
dx
d

5hain ru4e 3 not so fast wa6
) 2 sin( )) 2 (cos( 7 2
) 2 sin( 2 ) ( 7
ru4e) (5hain
) ( 7
) 2 sin( 2 and ) ( So
) 2 cos( 4et and )) 2 (cos( 8et
x x h
x u h
dx
du
du
d!
dx
d!
u h
du
d!
x
dx
du
u h !
x u x h !

The answer is 5.
0ue&ti#% .
+ <
1
0
) 1 ( 4og ) 1 0r( dx x "
e

5"S using 1 ) 2 4n( 2
The answer is 9.
0ue&ti#% /
,
_

3
2 cos ) ( x x g
The a:erage rate of change ;etween
x0 andx
4
is gi:en ;6

( )
5"S using
1 3 2
0
<
) 0 (
<

,
_

g g
The answer is E.
(T)E )E**E+,", -+./0 2013 Maths Methods (CAS) 3 & 4 Trial Exam 2 solutions
2
0ue&ti#% ,
y
a
2x 5
+1
a(2x 5)
1
+1
dy
dx
a(2x 5)
2
2
2a
(2x 5)
2
"t
x3
dy
dx
2a
(65)
2
2a
So the gradient of the tangent at 3 x is a 2 and therefore the gradient of the norma4 is

1
2a
.
So
1
2a
1
2
a1
The answer is D.
0ue&ti#% -
g(x)ax
4
bx
2
x
2
(ax
2
b)
Since a is positi:e the graph is an upright quartic.
"4so since
x
2
is a repeated factor then the graph of g touches rather than cuts the x2a=is at
the origin.
Do a quick sketch.
"t s x r x at and there are stationar6 points which must ;e 4oca4 minima and since
r<s r must ;e to the 4eft of the !2a=is. So the gradient of g is positi:e for
) ( ) 0 ( s r x
.
,ote that at
xrandat xs
the gradient is >ero hence the round ;rackets rather than
square ;rackets.
3
x
r s
!
) ( x g !
The answer is E.
<
0ue&ti#% *
) < ( 7 ) < ( ) < ( hf f h f + +
?e want an appro=imation for
2
&
1 . <
so
h0.1
.
( )
3<
2 2
20 1 . 0 < ) 1 . < ( So
20
@
2
&
<
2
&
) < ( 7
2
&
) ( 7
) ( ,ow
&
2
&
3
2
3
2
&
+
+
f
f
x x f
x x f
The answer is 9.
0ue&ti#% 10
A<B . 0
3 . 0 3 . 0 B . 0 1
) 7 7 7 0r( 1
a44) at paper a ;u6 t doesn7 0r( 1
once) 4east at paper a ;u6s he 0r(

# # #
The answer is 9.
0ue&ti#% 11
?e require
Pr(X>x)0.2
T6pica446 5"SCs find the area 4ess than x.
So we require
Pr(X<x)0.8 that is the

area is 0.@ when using the Dn:erse ,orma4
function on 6our 5"S.
Sox183.208...
x183.2
The answer is 5.
0ue&ti#% 12
So4:e
r
x
e
dx e x
r
0
<
2
2
1 &
0
1
for r using 5"S.

r4
The answer is 5.
&
1 E A
2 0 F
x "
0ue&ti#% 13
2
1
< when
3
2
3 when
1 2 when
2
*or

x !
x !
x !
x
!
B
13
B
3 < B
2
1
1
3
2
1 1 1 area e appro=imat the So
+ +
+ +
The answer is ".
0ue&ti#% 14
The :o4ume of a sphere is gi:en ;6
3
3
<
r $ (formu4a sheet).
The rate at which the :o4ume of the spherica4 piece of ice is changing with respect to the
radius is gi:en ;6

2
< r
dr
d$

The rate at which the :o4ume of the spherica4 piece of ice is changing with respect to time is
gi:en ;6
&2 . 11
dt
d$
(negati:e ;ecause itCs
decreasing)
The rate at which the radius of the spherica4 piece of ice is changing with respect to time is
gi:en ;6
dt
dr

) decreasing s it7 ;ecause (negati:e 2 where
dt
dr

&2 . 11
<
1
2 ;ecomes
ru4e) chain ( ,ow
2
r
dt
d$
d$
dr
dt
dr
So4:e for r using 5"S.
r1.2
The answer is 5.
B
0ue&ti#% 1.
The period of the graph is
3
+
2
3
.
This e4iminates options " and 9 ;ecause their periods are ;oth
.
The graph has a range from 3 & to 1 and this e4iminates option 5.
The graph of
y3cos3x
3

_
,

2
is o;tained when the graph of
2 ) 3 cos( 3 x !
is
trans4ated

3
units to the right which wou4d not ha:e the 4oca4 ma=imum at the point
(0,1)
so we can e4iminate option E.
"4ternati:e46 after options " and 9 ha:e ;een e4iminated options 5 and E can ;e e4iminated
;6 su;stituting 0 x into the respecti:e equations. ,either gi:e a !:a4ue of 1 which is the
required !2intercept shown on the graph.
The answer is D.
0ue&ti#% 1/
Draw a possi;4e graph.
*or e=amp4e
5onsider
h(x)+c0
Df
c2
then ;oth these graphs wi44 ;e trans4ated 2 units down and wi44 ha:e a turning point
sitting on the x2a=is as we44 as ha:ing one other point on the x2a=is (where the graph cuts the
x2a=is). Therefore there wi44 ;e 2 so4utions to the equation.
This is a4so the case if
c5
where;6 the other turning point wi44 ;e sitting on the x2a=is.
*or :a4ues of % ;etween 3 2 and 3 & the graph wi44 cut the x2a=is three times and hence there
wi44 ;e three so4utions to the equation.
So we want
5<c<2
.
The answer is 5.
0ue&ti#% 1,
12
< 2 1@
< 1 2 3 2
2 ) ( that to4d re we7 since 2 2
2
<
ti:es) antideri:a of s (propertie ) ( 2 < )) ( 2 < (
2 2
3
1
3
1
2
3
1
3
1
3
1
+
1
1
]
1
+ +

dx x g
x
dx x g dx x dx x g x
The answer is 9.
E
!
!
& ' ' &
& &
. +
2
2 x
x x
0ue&ti#% 1-
This is a ;inomina4 distri;ution where
n4
.
1&3B . 0 ) 1 ( <
1&3B . 0 ) 1 ( ) 3 0r(
3
1 3
3
<

' '
' ' C "
So4:e for ' using 5"S.
< . 0
2
1
Since
... A&B . 0 or < . 0
<

' '
' '
The answer is D.
0ue&ti#% 1*
Since
0 ) G 0r( and ) 0r( ( A ' A
then A and ( must ;e mutua446 e=c4usi:e.
Draw a Henn diagram.
Since
' ' ' ( ' ( A 3 1 2 1 ) 0r( then 2 ) 7 7 0r(
The answer is D.
@
(
2 '
'
A
0ue&ti#% 20
Do a quick sketch.
,ote that weCre to4d that the tangent crosses the
!2a=is at
0 that and ) 0 ( < & &
that is & is a
negati:e num;er so the !2intercept is ;e4ow the
x2a=is.
8etCs consider when the tangent
passes through the origin (shown in
the diagram to the right).
*rom the diagram we see that the
gradient of the tangent
run
rise

'
e
'
"4so for the graph of

x
e !
the gradient of the tangent at an6 point is
gi:en ;6
x
e
dx
d!
and the gradient
at the point where
' x
is
'
e .
Therefore
'
'
e
'
e
So4:ing this for ' gi:es

1 '
.
So the tangent at
x1
passes through the origin.
*rom the graph therefore if
x>1
then the
tangent wi44 ;e steeper and it wi44 cross the !2a=is
;e4ow the x2a=isI that is & wi44 ;e negati:e.
So we require
p>1
.
The answer is 5.
A
x
)
1
'
!
) (
'
e '
x
e !
'
e
x
&
1
'
!
) (
'
e '
x
e !
'
e
0ue&ti#% 21
Do a quick sketch of h.
The graph of
yh(x)
is shown ;e4ow. Dt is a ref4ection of h in the !2a=is.
The graph of
y|h(x)|
is shown ;e4ow.
The graph of
y|h(x)|+1
is shown ;e4ow.
The minimum turning point is
(r,s+1)
.
The ma=imum turning point is
(p,q+1)
.
The answer is 9.
10
!
x
) ( & '
) ( s r
) ( x h !
!
x
) ( s r
) ( & '
) ( x h !
!
x
) ( s r
) ( & '
) ( x h !
!
x
1
) 1 ( + s r
) 1 ( + & '
1 ) ( + x h !
0ue&ti#% 22
Df
f(x)tan(x)
2
+

_
,

f

_
,

and this is a4so the case if
f(x)tan(x)
Df
) cos( ) ( x x f
2
+

_
,

_
,

and this is a4so the case if
f(x)cos(x)
This e4iminates options " 3 D so option E must ;e correct. To confirm this
if
f(x)sin(x)
2
+

_
,

f

_
,

and
2
+

_
,

f
2

_
,

The answer is E.
11
x
2 1
2 1
1
1
!

,
_
2
t a n
,
_
2
t a n
x
2 1
2 1
1
1
!

,
_
2
c o s
,
_
2
c o s
x
2 1
2 1
1
1
!

,
_
2
s i n
,
_
2
s i n
x
2 1
2 1
1
1
!
,
_

2
s i n
,
_
2
s i n
SECTION 2
0ue&ti#% 1 (* 1$(2&)
$) Since
V1000andV
r
2
h
2

r
2
h
2
1000
r
2
h 2000
h
2000
r
2
(1 1$(2)
3)
Aareaofback+areaofcurvedfront+areaoftopandbase

2rh+
1
2
2rh+2
1
2
r
2
2rh+rh+r
2
rh(2+)+r
2
*rom part a.
h
2000
r
2
So Ar
2000
r
2
(2+)+r
2
r
2
+
2000
r
(+2)
as required
(1 1$(2)
!)
2
) 2 ( 2000
2
r
r
dr
dA
+

using 5"S (1 1$(2)
So4:e
dA
dr
0 for r (for minimum surface area)

r
10(+2)
1
3
2
3
(1 1$(2)
4) /sing 5"S e:a4uate
A
10(+2)
1
3
2
3

_
,

300(+2)
2
3
1
3
(1 1$(2)
e) Since the surface area is to ;e @00cm
2
then
800r
2
+
2000
r
(+2) (1 1$(2)
So4:e for r using 5"S.
Since
r5, thenr4.43385... (1
1$(2)
12
(1 1$(2)
Since h
2000
r
2
frompart a.
h32.3831...
So h32.4cm (correct to 1 decimal place)
13
(1 1$(2)
0ue&ti#% 2 (13 marks)
$) Do a quick sketch of f noting that it has a restricted domain.
"4so it has a turning point 4ocated at the point
3
2
,
17
4

_
,
.
" function is strict46 increasing if for a44 a and * where
a<b,f(a)<f(b)
.
So f is strict46 increasing for
x 0,
3
2

1
]
1
(1 1$(2) 3 correct 4eft endpoint
(1 1$(2) 3 correct right endpoint
3) The matri=
1
]
1
1 0
0 1
te44s us that the graph of f doesnCt undergo an6 di4ations ;ut
does undergo a ref4ection in the x2a=is as shown in the diagram.
This graph needs to ;e trans4ated 4eft

3
2
units and up

17
4
units so that its turning
point wi44 ;e at the origin.
So
c
3
2
andd
17
4
.
(1 1$(2) for %
(1 1$(2) 2 for d
1<
x
2
!
2
3
,
_
<
1 E
2
3
) ( x f !
x
2 2
!
2
3
,
_
<
1 E
2
3
!) ,ote that the point ( ) ( ) 0 1E 3 2 + is an x2intercept on the image graph.
The x2intercepts of the graph of 2 3
2
+ + x x ! occur when
. for equation this So4:e . 0 2 3
2
x x x + +
( )
2
3 1E
or
2
3 1E +

x x
Since
d
f
[0,)
the on46 x2intercept of f occurs at
x
17+3
2
.
(1 1$(2)
Df the graph of f is di4ated ;6 a factor of < from the !2a=is then the x2intercept of the
image graph wou4d occur at
( ) ( ) 0 3 1E 2 0
2
3 1E
< +
,
_
So
k4
.
(1 1$(2)
,ote that the di4ation cannot ;e from the x2a=is ;ecause the x2intercept of fI that is
the point
17+3
2
,0

_
,

wou4d ;e the x2intercept of the image of f. That is points
46ing on the x2a=is do not mo:e when the di4ation is from the x2a=is.
4) i) Jethod 1 3 using 5"S
g(x)f(h(x))
3|x|x
2
+2
(1 1$(2)
Jethod 2 3 ;6 hand
g( x) f (h( x))
f (| x |)
| x |
2
+3| x | +2
x
2

_
,

2
+ 3 | x | +2
x
2
+ 3| x | +2
(1 1$(2)
ii)
g(x)f(h(x))
f(h(x))
e=ists iff
f h
d r
,ow
[ ) { } [ )
+
0 0 and 0 R d r
f h
.
) 0 ! ) 0 ! Since
then
f(h(x))
and therefore
g(x)
e=ists.
(1 1$(2)
1&
x
!
) ( x h !
iii) Jethod 1 3 using 5"S
'
<
>
'
<
>
+

+
0 for 2 3
0 for 2 3
0 for 2 1 3
0 for 2 1 3
2 ) ( signum 3 ) ( 7
i.) part (from 2 G G 3 ) (
2
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x g
x x x g
,ote that at
x0
the gradient function
) ( 7 x g
is not defined since at the
point where
x0
the graph of g has a sharp point and is therefore not
Ksmooth46L continuous.
(1 1$(2) 3 top ;ranch
(1 1$(2) 3 ;ottom ;ranch
Jethod 2 3 ;6 hand
'
<
>
'
< +
+
0 for 2 3
0 for 2 3
) ( 7
0 for 2 3
0 for 2 3
i.) part (from 2 G G 3 ) (
2
2
2
x x
x x
x g
x x x
x x x
x x x g
,ote that at
x0
whi4st the function g is defined the gradient function
) ( 7 x g
is not defined since at the point where
x0
the graph of g has a
sharp point and is therefore not Ksmooth46L continuous.
(1 1$(2) 3 top ;ranch
(1 1$(2) 3 ;ottom ;ranch
i5)
1B
x
3
2 3
!
2
3
2
3
) ( 7 x g !
(1 1$(2) 3 correct right ;ranch with intercepts
(1 1$(2) 3 correct 4eft ;ranch with intercepts
(1 1$(2) 3 correct endpoints e=c4uded
1E
0ue&ti#% 3 (14 1$(2&)
$) i)
12AB . 0 B . 0
<
(1 1$(2)
ii) Since
X~Bi(90,0.4)
meannp36
(1 1$(2)
iii)
Pr(X30)0.9203(correct to < decima4 p4aces) using 5"S.

(1 1$(2)
3) 8et the random :aria;4e + represent the num;er of customers who ha:e de4i items in
their purchase.

) < . 0 ( M n (i +

B2& 1&
AB
) 1 0r(
n
n +
B
00<0AB . 0 < . 0
B2& 1&
AB
B . 0
< . 0
< . 0
B2& 1&
AB
B . 0
< . 0
< . 0
B2& 1&
AB
) B . 0 ( ) < . 0 (
1
1
) 1 ( 1
1
n
n
n
n
C
n
n
n
n n n
n
n
(1 1$(2)
!) i)
) 7 7 7 0r( ) 7 7 7 0r( M M M M M M M M M M +

(1 1$(2)
10.40.20.20.8+10.60.40.20.2
0.0224
(1 1$(2)
ii) /sing the transition matri=N
customer ne=t
7 2 . 0 < . 0
@ . 0 B . 0
7
customer this
M
M
M M
1
]
1
and the initia4 state matri=N

7 0
1
1
M
M
S
1
]
1
we ha:e
1
]
1
1
]
1
1
]
1
... 33333 . 0
... BBBBB . 0
0
1
2 . 0 < . 0
@ . 0 B . 0
&A
B0
S
The pro;a;i4it6 that 5hrisCs 4ast customer purchased mi4k is BBBE . 0
(correct to four decima4 p4aces).
(1 1$(2)
1@
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
4) This is a conditiona4 pro;a;i4it6 question.
@1
20
@1 . 0
2 . 0
A . 0
2 . 0 1 . 0 2 . 0 < . 0 < . 0 2 . 0 1 . 0 2 . 0
0.1) O 0.< O 0.2 O (0.2 0.1) O 0.< O 0.2 O (0.2
Sat<Sun1) 0r( Sat3Sun2) 0r( Sat2Sun3) 0r( Sat1Sun<) 0r(
da6s) ;oth on 1 ed 0r(restock
da6s) ;oth on 1 restocked times & restocked 0r(
da6s) ;oth on 1 restocked G times & restocked 0r(
da6s) ;oth restocked G times & restocked 0r(
2
+ + +
+ + +

(1 1$(2)
1A
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
0ue&ti#% 4 (12 1$(2&)
$) Since the function h is a continuous function the two ;ranches of the h6;rid function
must meet at
xa.
So4:e
1
100
(x50)
2
+40
1
100
(x30)
2
+40for x.
So
x40
and therefore <0 a .
(1 1$(2)
3)
h(40)41. ,ote that
x40
is su;stituted into the top ;ranch of the ru4e for h.
,ote that su;stituting into the other ;ranch wi44 howe:er gi:e the same answer since
the function h is continuous.
So Hictoria is <1 metres a;o:e the ground.
(1 1$(2)
'. ?eCre to4d that
<@ . 1 ) ( 7 x h
at point C.
Define
h(x)on 6our 5"S if 6ou ha:enCt a4read6 and so4:e

EB . A< ) 10< (
10<
for <@ . 1 ) ( 7
h
x
x x h
C is the point
) EB . A< 10< (
(1 1$(2)
0. i)
dv
dt
23
21
e
t
42

v
23
21
e
t
42
dt
v46e
t
42
+c
?hen
t0,v41

4146e
0
+c
c5
v46e
t
42
5
(1 1$(2)
ii.
v0
when Hictoria is on the ground.
... 20B& . A3
&
<B
4og <2
5"S using for & <B 0 So4:e
<2
,
_
e
t
t
t e
Dt takes A3.20E seconds for Hictoria to reach the ground.
(1 1$(2)
20
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
e. i) The sp6 starts at point ( which is &m :ertica446 ;e4ow point
) 121 120 ( )) 120 ( 120 ( h R
.
So point ( is
) 11B 120 (
.
0oint C is
) EB . A< 10< (
from part c.
So the :ertica4 drop is 2< . 21 EB . A< 11B metres. (1 1$(2)
The enem6 sp6 drops 0.2<mPsec :ertica446.
So it takes secs & . @@ mPsec 2< . 0 m 2< . 21 to get from ( to C.
Dt takes n seconds to cut the ca;4e.
So
T88.5+n
.
(1 1$(2)
ii) *rom part d. ii. it takes A3.20E seconds for Hictoria to reach the ground.
Werequire88.5+n93.207
n4.707
(1 1$(2)
21
0ue&ti#% . (10 1$(2&)
". Jethod 1
0
< 2 < ) < (
2 ) (
+
+
g
x x x g
So < x is an x2intercept and therefore < a . (1 1$(2)
Jethod 2
x 2intercepts occur when
y0
0 x+2x
x2 x
(x2)
2
x (square both sides)
x
2
4x+4x
x
2
5x+40
(x4)(x1)0
x4or x1
So
a4ora1but sincea>1, thena4as required.

(1 1$(2)
3) The graph of g has a !2intercept at the point
(0,2).
Dt has a turning point where
<
A
<
1
<
1
0 1
2
1
0

,
_
g
x
x
dx
d!
So the graphs of
ykandyg(x)
intersect Qust once when
0<k<2andwhenk
9
4
.
(1 1$(2) for
0<k<2
(1 1$(2) for
k
9
4
!) Jethod 1
Df the area enc4osed ;6 the 4ines
yk, xa
and the x and ! a=es is equa4 to the
shaded region then k represents the a:erage :a4ue of function g o:er the inter:a4
[0,a].
Therefore we can use the a:erage :a4ue formu4a to find k.
3
<
a. part from < since ) (
<
1
) (
0
1
:a4ue a:erage
<
0
0
a dx x g
dx x g
a
k
a
22
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2)
(1 1$(2) 3 recognition of
a:erage :a4ue ;6 name or
Qust use of formu4a
(1 1$(2)
!) (!#%t64)
Jethod 2
The area enc4osed ;6 the 4ines
ak ! x a x k ! to equa4 is a=es and the and
and since < a from part
$) the area is equa4 to k < .
So
region shaded the of area < k

(1 1$(2)

<
0
) ( < dx x g k
So4:e for k using 5"S.
3
<
k (11$(2)
4)
<
0
) ( region shaded of area dx x g

16
3
square units
(1 1$(2)
e) *rom part 4) the area of the shaded region is

16
3
. So if the area of the shaded region
a;o:e the 4ine
yk
is to equa4 the area ;e4ow the 4ine then each of these areas must
equa4
16
3
2
8
3
.
*or the area a;o:e the 4ine
yk
we ha:e
(g(x)k) dx
8
3
0
0.25 94k+1
( )
2
which we so4:e for k using 5"S.

p4aces) decima4 2 o (correct t EE . 0 k
(1 1$(2) 3 correct termina4s of equation
(1 1$(2) 3 correct integrand i.e.
g(x)k
(1 1$(2) 3 correct answer
23
x
2
!
<
k !
) ( x g !
2
) 1 < A ( 2 & . 0 + k

Trial Examination 2: Maths Methods (Cas) 3 & 4 Solutions 2013

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Trial Examination 2: Maths Methods (Cas) 3 & 4 Solutions 2013

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MATHS METHODS (CAS) 3 & 4

Pr(X<x)0.8 that is the

"4so for the graph of

So4:ing this for ' gi:es

Pr(X30)0.9203(correct to < decima4 p4aces) using 5"S.

and the initia4 state matri=N

h(40)41. ,ote that

h(x)on 6our 5"S if 6ou ha:enCt a4read6 and so4:e

a4ora1but sincea>1, thena4as required.

which we so4:e for k using 5"S.

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