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T10- EDUCATIONAL VIDEO PRODUCTION

TOPIC10

EDUCATIONAL VIDEO PRODUCTION

SYNOPSIS This topic explains the basic parts and functions of the various types of video cameras and accessories. Furthermore, this topic will explain the practices and techniques of filming and video production. Method of creating storyboard will also be described. Video editing and video production are also described.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

By implementing the learning activities, hopefully the teacher will be able to: i. Explain the basis and function of analog and digital video cameras, as well as its basic accessories; ii. Explain the practices and techniques of filming and video production; iii. Produce a storyboard for teaching purposes; iv. Apply technical skills and basic video production in teaching and learning.

TOPIC FRAMEWORK

10.1 Video in Teaching and Learning 10.2 Types of Video Camera 10.3 Planning Educational Video Production 10.4 Editing Videos

Think Why is video production important in producing instructional materials?

10.1

Video in Teaching and Learning

Video is a type of moving media. It can produce images that are realistic and beneficial in the delivery of messages to the audience. In the process of

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teaching and learning, every teacher should realize the benefits of video in the classroom.

Apart from the ability to show moving images, such as capturing a running leopard, this media can be speed up or slow down. The fast motion of the leopard can be slowed down by the slow motion technique or freeze.

Have you seen flowers bloosoming in television shows? To see real flowers grow would take a long time. But, by using time interval recording technique, the bloosoming process can be shortened. Thus, pupils do not have to wait long to see flowers growing in real situation.

Video is also able to bring in events that occur outside of the classroom or dangerous events such as volcanic eruptions. It is impossible to bring the students to see a volcanic eruption in the eventual situation.

Video has the ability to record video images near and distant. This means that video can manipulate space. The movement of blood cells in the body can be seen by the students, while the students can see long-distance space.

Time and space can also be manipulated through animation. This technique requires a bit of skill to produce movements that normally would be attractive to students interest towards learning?

After reading about the advantages of the video, you may be tempted to produce our own video material for teaching and learning. Nevertheless, before you starting filming work, its better for us to know about some aspects of video production. In the next section you will be explained about the type of camera and video recorder.

10.2

Types of Video Camera

You may have seen people using portable video camera in occasions such as weddings, birthdays or social activities. In other situations you may come
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across journalists with video camera on their shoulder. You might be wondering what is the difference between both video camera other than different sizes. Actually there are two main formats of video camera: analog video cameras and digital video cameras.

10.2.1 Analog video camera

This kind of video cameras capture images and store them in analog form. This camera uses magnetic tape in a variety video cassette format, such as VHS, VHS-C, Hi 8 and U-matic. Size of this cassette vary and can only be played on a suitable video player.

Diagram 1.1 : Analog Video Camera that use VHS video cassette

Think

How do images captured using analog video camera can be transferred to digital form?

10.2.2 Kamera video digital

This kind of video cameras capture images and store them in digital form. This camera uses small size video cassettes, usually in the DVC (Digital

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Video Cassette) format. This video camera can be connected directly to the computer using a FireWire cable. Image can be edited using video editing software.

Diagram 1.2 : Kamera Video Digital (DVC)

Think

Discuss with your partner about benefits of using analog video camera and digital video camera.

10.2.3 Basic parts of a video camera

Before you use a video camera, you should be able to recognize the basic parts of a video Reddish. Please refer to the picture below and try to identify the function of these parts.

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Pemidang Tilik

Pelekap mata

Butang Zoom Lensa

Gelang Fokus

Butang White balance

Diagram 1.3 : Parts of video camera

Butang rakam

Diagram 1.4 : The recording button

10.3 Types of shot and camera movement

While watching television, we can see image changes and camera movement. There are times when an image is taken from a short distance and at times were from afar. There were times when the camera moves from left to right or vice versa. Look at how the position of the camera when people are
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talking or chatting. All these changes have to do with shot types and camera movement.

10.3.1 Types of shot

Diagram 1.5:Types of shot

Big Close-Up (B.C.U.)

Close-Up (C.U.)

Bust Shot (B.S.)

Waist Shot (W.S.)

Knee Shot (K.S.)

Full Length Shot (F.L.S.)

Long Shot (L.S.)

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Diagram 1.5 : Types of shot

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10.3.2 Types of camera movement

Diagram 1.6 shows some of the types of camera movement.

Panright

Panning

Panleft

Tilt Up

Tilt Down

Tilting

Dolly In

Dolly Out

Dolly

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Trucking

Truckright

Truck left

Diagram 1.6 : Camera movement

Exercise

Watch some television shows such as news, documentaries, drama or forum. Compare the pictures in the above figures with the types of shots and camera movements in the programmes. What are the effect of panning, tilting, dolly and trucking ruck to the image formed?

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10.3

Planning Educational Video Production

There are several processes that must be followed when designing video production for teaching. Here are the sequence of the process.

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Preparingvideo script and storyboard

You have been through the experience of producing the audio script. Actually the process of preparing audio and video script are the same. There is little difference in terms of format. Look at the example of video script below. Can you make a difference?

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Think

Examine the video script needs through examples. Can you provide a script? Just think of an appropriate title in the subject of your options. Create a video script length between 5 to 10 minutes. Show your results to the lecturer during tutorial sessions and discuss them with your friends.

10.4

Editing Video

Think

Why do you need to edit a video that you have recorded?

While you are shooting, there is possibility the recordings were not made in the proper order. There is also possibility that the recording are too long, or not related to the overall plan. Through the process of editing, recording materials can be rearranged to produce a more smooth and perfect video.

Editing analog video

Analog video editing requires editing machine. But this does not mean that without editing machine you can not do the job. Actually, editing work is easy and cheap. All you need is a video player, a video recorder and two television set. Both need to be connected. Linear video editing is a video editing postproduction process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in a predetermined, ordered sequence. Regardless whether captured by a video camera, tapeless camcorder, recorded in a television studio on a video tape recorder (VTR) the content must be accessed sequentially.Please see the

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picture below and try to make the connection by using the facilities available in your school.

Apakah perbezaan di antara pemain dan perakam video? Pemain video dan perakam video adalah sama. Perbezaannya ialah perakam video boleh merakam video. Ini boleh dikenalpasti dengan kehadiran butang Record yang biasanya berwarna merah. Butang Rakaman (Record)

Butang pegun Butang pegun (Pause/ Still) (Pause/ Still)

Gambar 1.7 : Perakam video

Cara-Cara Membuat Penyambungan Kabel

Pemain Perakam

A V in out

V in
out

in out

Kabel AV

V in out

TV

TV

Gambar 1.8 : Cara membuat penyambungan kabel A = audio V =video

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Diagram 1.9 : Kabel AV

The process of editing starts with play a video player by pressing the Record button on the recorder unit. To edit a section that is not required, press the Pause button on the recorder unit and search for parts to be included in the player unit. Then press the Record on the recorder unit to continue recording.

Editing digital video There are several processes in digital video editing: 1. CAPTURE Capture is a process of transferring videos, photos or image from a memory storage (MiniDV or MicroSD) into the computer harddisk. 2. EDITING FROM THE SOURCE a. Editing process is done to cut, removed or retained some video clips. In this process, disconnection and reconnection occurs

b. Cuts There are two types of cutting files in editing: cutting and transition. Cut means the movement from one shot to the next shot directly, with no transition at all. Cut is divided into two ways: i. creative cut - continuity between shots of the cut shot next ii. cut away - a connection or cut is influenced by several factors. c. Continuity i. When the shot is connected with one another as to form a network, then the network should be understood. Editing is done based on the principle of connectivity shot, which consists of sequence shots, cutting to continuity, classical cutting, thematic montage, and abstract cutting.

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ii.

Sequence Shot types of edits without cutting off shots. Video footage has been planned according to the sequential scenes. This method is used during the existence of editing technology. Cutting to Continuity - connection or cut is used to continue telling the story. Classical Cutting - cutting to clarify, dramatize or underline the previous shot.

iii.

iv.

v.

Thematic Montage - cutting to connect one story to another; cutting to argue one thesis to another.

3. EDITING IN TIMELINE If there are parts still need to be removed, do the process by using a lot of tools for editing clips in the timeline as below: i. ii iii Razor Tool: Cutting clip Move Tool: Selecting Clips Rate Stretch Tool: Sets the speed of the rotary clip

4. ADDING EFFECT The clips are in the timeline can be given additional effects to make it more interesting. 5. ADDING TRANSITION Transition process is done so that the addition of two or more clips become more refined

6. RENDERING VIDEO This process is the last step after all modifications have been made. The material will be edited by undergoing rendering settings such as setting video format type.

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Exercise

Edit a recording from any source such as news, documentary or drama for any appropriate topic in teaching the subject of your option. Discuss your experience when making edits work in tutorial sessions with lecturers and peers.

CONCLUSION

Mastering of basic skills and techniques for movie recording using a video camera, whether analog or digital, allows the creation of teaching and learning materials more interesting. Recording editing work using applications such as WMM, VCD Cutter and video editing using Ulead VideoStudio 8, Pinnacle 11, Adobe Premier will produce work like a professional

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