Chemistry 101 Solutions to In-Class Assignment 10 (Due by Nov.

12th) Acids and Bases

1. Calculate the pHs of the following solutions and identify whether the solutions are acidic or basic: (a) [H3 O+ ] = 8.8 103 M pH = log [H3 O+ ] = log 8.8 103 = 2.06 (b) [H3 O+ ] = 2.2 109 M pH = log [H3 O+ ] = log 2.2 109 = 8.66 (c) [H3 O+ ] = 9.3 105 M pH = log [H3 O+ ] = log 9.3 105 = 4.03 (d) [H3 O+ ] = 3.7 1010 M pH = log [H3 O+ ] = log 3.7 1010 = 9.43 2. Given the pHs of the following solutions, calculate the H3 O+ concentration. (a) pH = 6.4 [H3 O+ ] = 10pH = 106.4 = 4.0 107 M (b) pH = 11.8 [H3 O+ ] = 10pH = 1011.8 = 1.6 1012 M (c) pH = 2.7 [H3 O+ ] = 10pH = 102.7 = 2.0 103 M (d) pH = 9.5 [H3 O+ ] = 10pH = 109.5 = 3.2 1010 M 3. Calculate the OH concentration, given the H3 O+ concentration: (a) [H3 O+ ] = 7.5 108 [OH ] = (b) [H3 O+ ] = 1.6 105 [OH ] = Kw 1 1014 = = 6.3 1010 [H3 O+ ] 1.6 105 Kw 1 1014 = = 1.3 107 + [H3 O ] 7.5 108 basic acidic basic acidic

4. Calculate the H3 O+ concentration, given the OH H concentration: (a) [OH ] = 5.9 109 [H3 O+ ] = (b) [OH ] = 4.7 106 [H3 O+ ] = Kw 1 1014 = = 2.1 109 [OH ] 4.7 106 Kw 1 1014 = = 1.7 106 [OH ] 5.9 109

Chemistry 101, Fall 2003

In-Class Assignment 10, page 2

5. Fill in the following table. Each row corresponds to a dierent solution.

pH

[H3 O+ ]

[OH ]

acidic or basic? acidic

more H3 O+ or OH ? H3 O+ H3 O+ OH

1 102 1 106 1 109 1.3 108 6.4 109 7.7 109 6.3 1012 1.2 107 4.8 103

1 1012 1 108 1 105 7.9 108 1.6 106 1.3 106 1.6 103 8.5 108 2.1 1012

acidic

basic

7.6

acidic

H3 O+ OH OH OH

8.19

basic

8.11

basic

11.2

basic

6.93

acidic (slightly) acidic

H3 O+ H3 O+

2.31

6. Write equations for the following acid/base neutralization reactions: (a) NaOH and HBr N aOH + HBr H2 O + N aBr (b) KOH and H2 SO4 2KOH + H2 SO4 2H2 O + K2 SO4 (c) Ca(OH)2 and HCl Ca(OH )2 + 2HCl 2H2 O + CaCl2 (d) H3 PO4 and NaOH H3 P O4 + 3N aOH 3H2 O + N a3 P O4 (e) CH3 COOH + NaOH CH3 COOH + N aOH H2 O + N aCH3 COO

Chemistry 101, Fall 2003

In-Class Assignment 10, page 3

(f) HNO3 and Mg(OH)2 2HN O3 + M g (OH )2 2H2 O + M g (N O3 )2 (g) LiOH and H2 CO3 2LiOH + H2 CO3 2H2 O + N a2 CO3 (h) Ca(OH)2 and H2 SO4 Ca(OH )2 + H2 SO4 2H2 O + CaSO4 7. A procedure called titration is often used to quantify the amount of an an acid or a base in solution. In the titration of an acid, a known volume of acid of unknown concentration is added to a ask or beaker. A pH indicator is added to this solution. Then a basic solution of known concentration of base is added slowly to this mixture, until the indicator changes color. At this point, all the acid has been neutralized. From the stoichiometry of the reaction (the mole ratios in the balanced chemical equation, one can calculate the concentration of the acid. Consider the titration of 30.0 mL of an unknown HNO3 solution with an NaOH solution of concentration 0.213 M. The equation for the neutralization of nitric acid (HNO3 ) with NaOH is: HN O3 + N aOH H2 O + N aN O3 (a) 22.4 mL of the 0.213 M NaOH were used in the titration. How many moles is that? 22.4 mL N aOH 1L 0.213 M = 4.77 103 moles N aOH 1000 mL L

(b) How many moles of HNO3 were present in the initial 30.0 mL sample? 4.77 103 moles N aOH 1 mol HN O3 = 4.77 103 moles HN O3 1 mol N aOH

(c) What was the original concentration (molarity, M) of the HNO3 sample? original sample = 30.0 mL = 0.030 L moles 4.77 103 moles M olarity = = = 0.159 M L 0.030 L