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*+NE ,O**O-E. .OBOT For many people robot is a machine that imitates a humanlike the androids in Star Wars, Terminator and Star Trek: The Next Generation. Ho e!er much these robots capture our ima"ination, such robots still only inhabit Science Fiction. #eople still ha!en$t been able to "i!e a robot enou"h $common sense$ to reliably interact ith a dynamic orld. The type o% robots that you the ill encounter most %re&uently are robots that do ork that is too dan"erous, borin", onerous, or 'ust plain nasty. (ost o% the robots in orld are o% this type. They can be %ound in auto, medical, manu%acturin" and space industries. )n %act, there are o!er a million o% these type o% robots orkin" %or us today. *s stran"e as it mi"ht seem, there really is no standard de%inition %or a robot. Ho e!er, there are some essential characteristics that a robot must ha!e and this mi"ht help you to decide hat is and hat not a robot is. )t ill also help you to decide hat %eatures you ill need to build into a machine be%ore it can count as a robot. +obot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, po er supplies and so%t are all orkin" to"ether to per%orm a task. ,esi"nin", buildin", pro"rammin" and testin" a robot is a combination o% physics, mechanical en"ineerin", electrical en"ineerin", structural en"ineerin", mathematics and computin". )n some cases biolo"y, medicine, chemistry mi"ht also be in!ol!ed. * study o% robotics means that students are acti!ely en"a"ed posin" problem-sol!in" en!ironment. .ine %ollo er is a machine that can %ollo a path. The path can be !isible like a black line on a hite sur%ace /or !ice-!ersa0 or it can be in!isible like a ma"netic %ield. Sensin" a line and maneu!erin" the robot to stay on course, hile constantly correctin" ron" mo!es usin" %eedback mechanism %orms a simple yet e%%ecti!e closed loop ith all o% these disciplines in a deeply problem-

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system. *s a pro"rammer you "et an opportunity to 1teach2 the robot ho to %ollo the line thus "i!in" it a human-like property o% respondin" to stimuli. /0ac1ical a22lica1io3s o4 a li3e 4ollowe0: *utomated cars runnin" on roads embedded ma"nets3 "uidance system %or industrial robots mo!in" on shop %loor etc. ith

Bloc5 Diag0am

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#hoto sensor *rray (icrocontroller

Sound Sensin" 4ircuit

.6, indication %or colour sense

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