Control of switching system

UDHAY PRAKASH P Uday3prakash @gmail.com

TSSN 4ECE JNTUHCEH

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SWITCHING SYSTEM CONTROL

MANUAL CONTOL CONTROL BY RELAYS ELECTRONIC CONTROL

CENTRALIZED CONTROL

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL

1G SPC

2G SPC

CENTRALIZE D CONTROL
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CENTRALIZED CONTROL

+
CUSTOMER 10/15/2012 CONTROL

Call processing functions

A similar set of basic sequence of operations must be

performed by any (circuit or packet) switching network.

TSSN 4ECE JNTUHCEH

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CALL PROCESSING::SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS

IDLE STATE

STATUS SIGNAL CONNECTION TO THE CALLED LINE TERMINATION 2 ALERTING CALLED CUSTOMER ANSWER SIGNAL COMPLETION OF THE CONNECTION 3 CONVERSATIONAL STATE CLEAR SIGNAL
0

CALL REQUEST STATE CALLING LINE IDENTIFICATION DETERMINATION OF ORIGINATING CLASS OF SERVICE IDENTIFICATION OF CALLING PARTY CONNECTION TO THE CALLING PARTY CONNECTION TO THE CALLING LINE PROCEED TO SEND SIGNAL 1

ADDRESS SIGNAL SELECTION OF OUTGOING LINE TERMINAL DETERMINATION OF TERMINATING CLASS OF SERVICE TESTING CALLED LINE TSSN 4ECE JNTUHCEH TERMINATION

RELEASE OF CONNECTION

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Timing of signals exchanged for a local call

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Handshake signal exchange diagram for a local call

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 Channel associated signaling

Common channel signaling

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State transition diagram

State boxes

Event boxes
Action boxes Decision boxes

Connectors

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Common control
Performs specific call

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processing functions. Used either or both in time division and space division basis. Present output depends on present and previous inputs. Contention for common control line is resolved by using a one-only selector or arbitor. Crank-back principle.
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Example: System 12 Architecture

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Reliability, Availability and Security

Availability +Unavailability =1
Availability=MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR) Unavailability=MTTF/(MTBF+MTTR)
CCITT UNAVAILABILITY LIMITS FOR TELEPHONE EXCHANGES Entire system <1.5*10^-5 (eg: <6 hours outage in 50 years) <10^-4 (<2 days in 50 years) <10^-4 <1.5*10^-5 <10^-4 <10^-3

Customers line Inter-exchange circuits Emergency calls Basic Telephony services Supplementary services

Charging Traffic Measurement

Administrative Operations
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<10^-4 <10^-3
<10^-2
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Security
Not for attacks, but for reliability.

Security measures used for

Line Circuits: None Switching Network: None or partial duplication Common Controls: 1 in n sparing Central Processors: Replication

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Stored Program Control

Processor architecture Worker and standby mode cold standby hot standby Load sharing mode Synchronous mode---replication Processor Failure Hardware fault----recovery by reconfiguration Software fault-----recovery by Roll-back

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Stored Program Control

Distributed Processing

Processor cost reduction lead to decentralization of switching system control to certain extend. Regional Processor

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Stored Program Control

Software

Each time a processor returns to a call, it needs to determine its state by reading: Line Store Call Record( time of origin, Equipment no. of line, Actions already taken, Switch
paths involved, Last signal received, Current call status, address digits received, time of answer signal ,time to clear down)

Translation Tables A map of the switching networks( mainly in map-in-memory technique)

COMPLETE EXCHANGE SOFTWARE =

Application Software + Operating System
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Stored Program Control

Software OS provides the environment in which the application programs

run, whose functions include: Timing Control Scheduling Interrupt Handling Interrupt Handling Inter-processor Communication Input/output Control Storage Management Human-Machine Communication
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Stored Program Control

Central Processor functions(SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTED) Call Processing Database Management Fault diagnosis and alarm Processing Automatic Testing Traffic recording Changing customers facilities and directory numbers Changing routings and routing codes Generation of exchange management statistics
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 Software for SPC is written in CCCITT High Level

Language(CHILL). Then, software code is compiled into final object code, and stored processor program memory . For some time critical applications, written in assembler language.
SOFTWARE BUILD

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Stored Program Control

SPC exchange capacity is specified in terms of: Number of Lines Traffic in Erlangs Number of Busy Hour Call Attempts

Overloads are prevented by Overload control and Input Queue Management MMI message transfer even during overload condition
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