Massage Practices - Revision

PRACTICAL
1. What can we do to keep hands fit for massage? - Self-massage at the MEDIAL & LATERAL EPICONDYLES of wrist flexors & extensions - Warm up before 1st massage start at reasonable pace & build up - Resisted excise to build strength in hands and forearms 2. Why do we drape? - Protects clothing from the oil - Provides modesty - Provides security to client - Shows respect - Warmth 3. Why do we use supports? - Stabilize the client - Support the joints - Provide access to body part to be massaged 4. Name the supports used in prac? Prone supports - Face Support stabilize & support neck, access to neck, decrease pressure on face - Thoracic Support Reduce pressure on larger breasted woman, supports people with rounded shoulders - Lumber support Reduce hyperlordosis, access to lower back - Ankle support reduce palter flexion, support/stabilise foot 5. What are the benefits of stroking? - Introduces hands to client - Applies oil onto skin - Assess texture/temperature of underlying skin - Produces a reflective effect via the nervous system Effleurage - Prepares body for deeper strokes - Mechanical effect on venous & lymphatic return - Reduces oedema - Mechanically stretches muscle fibres Kneading - Encourages peripheral blood flow, reducing oedema - Improves flexibility of muscle/reduce soft tissue adhesions - Relieve muscle pain/fatigue Friction - Separates fibres - Decrease adhesions/scar tissue formation - Improves functional ability - Increases local blood flow Tapotement - Stimulates nerve endings - Loosens mucus (cupping) improves respiratory /heart function - Improves blood flow in muscle locally

HISTORY & PRINCIPLES OF MASSAGE

1. Define massage? Massage is the scientific and systematic manipulation of the soft tissues of the body for a therapeutic purpose. 2. What is the difference between Allopathic - Treats symptoms of the disease by use of drugs/surgery practised by Medical Dr Traditional traditional cultural systems of medicine Chinese medicine, Ayurveda Natural Medicine treat the whole person, prevention better than cure 3. What is the difference between Alternative Natural medicine used in place of conventional medicine e.g. Chiropractic Complementary Natural medicine used together with conventional medicine e.g. Acupuncture & analgesic Intergrative combines treatments from conventional & natural medicine Using evidence/research 4. How is chiropractic different from physiotherapy? - Chiropractic/osteopathy share a philosophy integrate the whole body involves spinal manipulation - Physiotherapy treats only the affected area 5. Why is China important in the history of massage? - Earliest mention of massage in a book 6. Who were important people in ancient Greece AESCLEPIUS MYTHICAL God of healing HERODICUS founded medical gymnasium, prescribed baths, exercise, & massage HIPPOCRATIES father of medicine, Hippocratic oath, defined medicine as art of rubbing Rome CELSUS wrote De Medicini encyclopaedia of medicine GALEN physician to gladiators, wrote over 600 books 7. Why are AMBROSE PARE & JOHANN MEZGER important? Pare French surgeon/barber used massage to help healing after surgery Mezger introduced the terms effleurage, petrissage, Tapotement 8. Who started the Swedish Movement Cure? - Henrik Ling Swedish fencing master developed Swedish movement cure to treat injuries, consisted of - Active & passive movements & exercises 9. Modern massage techniques include Esalen, Rolfing, and Feldenkrais. Describe them. Esalen- gentle rocking Rolfing manipulation of muscle fascia to correct soft tissue fixations move better, gain height Feldenkrais Increases awareness of the body & its movements reduce pain/limitations in movement

CONTRAINDICATIONS
1. What are 3 major limitations to your practise as massage therapists? - Cannot diagnose disease or illness - Cannot prescribe medication, herbs or vitamins - No manipulation of the spine or joints 2. In what situations would you not massage a client at all & refer them to a Dr? - Abnormal body temperature - Skin disorders - Oedema - Circulatory disorders - Intoxication 3. In what situations could you massage a person but with caution? - Anticoagulants blood thinners - Anti-inflammatory nurofen, cortisone - Anorexia 4. In what situations could you massage a person but avoid the affected area/work proximal? - Varicose veins proximal - Hematoma bruising proximal 5. We do not massage over sites of endangerment Why? - Because of blood vessels & nerves that may be affected 6. What are the main sites of endangerment that we need to be aware of? - Anterior neck Anterior triangle of the neck - Cubital fossa of elbow - Breast tissue - Umbilicus - Axilla - Kidneys

BOUNDARIES & COMMUNICATION

1. What is Proxemics? - Study of how people use physical space in interpersonal relationships. - Public zone, social zone, personal zone, intimate zone 2. What is meant by Power differential Practitioner has balance of power i.e. Practitioner/client Dual relationships When a client is a friend, co-worker, associate Transference Client unconsciously projects their personal feelings onto therapist i.e. gifts Countertransference When therapist responds to the projected feelings of the client 3. How important is body language in communication? Body language is very important as it is 60% of all communication posture, eye contact, facial - expression, gestures, appearance 4. Who is responsible for setting boundaries in the professional relationship? - The therapist/practitioner is responsible for maintain boundaries

BENEFITS OF MASSAGE
1. James Mennell (physo) described mechanical & reflex effects of massage. What did he mean? Give 3 exapmles - Mechanical- Direct effects hands cause a change in structure being massaged Friction warming, return of Venus blood & lymph to heart, improvement of circulation Reflex involuntary response to stimulus (indirect) Increased relaxation, reduced pain, limbic system (emotions) affected 2. Massage technique can stimulate the Para-sympathetic NS & the Sympathetic NS how? - PARA SNS stroking, slow movement - SNS Tapotement, deep movements - Rate, rhythm, pressure 3. What hormones are released in stress? - Adrenalin, cortisol What part of the autonomic NS is activated in Fight & Flight? Sympathetic NS - stress Rest and digest Parasympathetic NS relaxation and restorative responses 4. What are 2 main benefits of massage to the circulatory system? - Moves blood towards heart - Brings oxygen & nutrients to massaged area Muscular system? - Increases resting length of muscle - Removes waste products from tissues e.g. lactic acid Integumentary system? - Removes dead skin cells - Improves circulation to skin Nervouse system? - Increase mental alertness - Promotes relaxation & improved sleep

INFECTION CONTROL
1. What type of infection can be transmitted by direct contact in the massage situation? - Conjunctivitis - Head lice - tinea - Ringworm - Cold sores 2. What are standard precautions? What does it apply to? Who does it apply to? - Standard precautions that must be taken when cleaning up body spills - Standard precautions apply to everybody regardless of diagnosis or presumed infectious state - Blood, all body secretions (not sweat) - Non intact skin - Mucous membranes 3. What is the difference between - Sanitation soaps. Detergents & water - Disinfection Chlorine bleach, kills 99.9% pathogens Hospital grade - Sterilisation - Destroys all living organisms autoclave & radiation

4. How do you maintain good hygiene practices in your clinic? - Clean the equipment trolley, oil bottles etc. - Change linens after each client - Wash hands before & after each client - Keep floors vacuumed

MASSAGE ENVIRONMENT
1. When buying a massage table you need to decide on portable/stationary height & width, what else? - How well is it designed - How long is the guarantee & what is covered - Costs involved if table needs servicing - Safe working load weight considerations 2. What causes rancidity in oils? - Decomposition of oils - Exposure to heat, light & oxygen 3. What are the benefits/disadvantages of Vegetable oils Advantages penetrate skin epidermis, nourish, soften & moisturise skin, contain vitamins A, D & E Disadvantages Become rancid easily, Stain more than mineral oils Mineral Oils Advantages Cheap, doesnt stain, doesnt go rancid Disadvantages Prolonged use dries skin, block pores, Water resistant film over skin Lotions Advantages less staining, lighter, less greasy Disadvantages too easily absorbed, expensive, needs constant reapplication Balms Advantages Absorb into skin readily, essential oils have therapeutic benefit, dont stain Disadvantages Expensive, greasy 4. Where do essential oils come from? Examples - Come from various parts of a plant - E.g. Lavender = flower, Peppermint = leaves, Eucalyptus = leaf

THERAPISTS RESPONSABILTIES/CLIENT NEEDS

1. What is needed for consent to be valid? - Must be given voluntarily - Client must be informed - Client has legal capacity - Guardian consent required where client does not have legal capacity CONSENT CAN BE; - Verbal, implied, written 2. What is done to maintain confidentiality of clients information? -Clients information, both written & verbal belongs to client - Consent to collecting health information - Securing & storing information - Clients rights to access records - What to consider before passing health information on to others