Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 1 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

1.0

INTRODUCTION

Learning the topic of lighting and sound system in an enclosed area, we are being conducted to do a research in an auditorium. This research is done to evaluate and examine the level of effectiveness of sound and lighting system in the auditorium. A good auditorium will give satisfaction to the people in it and have a consistence sound level that can be received by the ears. We have chosen Dewan Canselor Tun Abdul Razak (D !TA"#, $niversity %ebangsaan &alaya ($%&# as our auditorium to do the research. This auditorium is constructed on '()* and can occupied ++** peoples. This auditorium is use for any art and culture events, convocation events, annual dinner, competition and examination. Typically the system and technology used before in this auditorium is the old technology and not too effective compared to the new high technology auditorium used nowadays. ,ut, improvements have been made to increase the -uality of the auditorium. .n this report, we have included all the details of the auditorium through observations and research at $niversity %ebangsaan &alaya.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 2 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

2.0

History and Background of the

uditoriu!

!hancellor Tun Abdul "a/a0 Auditorium 1all or D !TA" is a main hall of the oldest and largest in the 2ational $niversity of &alaysia or 0nown as $%&. This auditorium was used for the first time at $%& !onvocation !eremony of the 3th. !onstruction began on 4'st 5une '()3 it was costing "&3(4,446.4' and '7+.87* s-uare feet completed. D !TA" is the largest hall in &alaysia at that time. D !TA" was inaugurated on 4(th 9eptember '()( by :.A., Tun 1a;i Abdul "a/a0 bin 1ussein. This hall is also used for formal events such as convocation ceremony, university final examination, staff awards ceremony, heritage performance and any celebration.

<hoto 4.'= D !TA" in '(68

<hoto 4.4= D !TA" in 4*'+

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 3 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

".0

#re$ie% of the

uditoriu!

This auditorium can be declared as multi purpose auditoria. ,ecause it is used for formal events such as convocation ceremony, conference> speech, university final examination, staffs and students awards ceremony, heritage performance, music and any celebration. ,efore enter the D !TA" auditorium, peoples will pass through the Tun Abdul "a/a0 gallery. This gallery displays all the art wor0 by Latif &ohaidden and have uni-ue fretwor0 which is seen as ?syahadah@. This gallery located in between of entrance of the auditorium and entrance of building. This floor area of the auditorium is '*7A x '*8.3A made up from dar0 brownish colour par-uet with pattern it can placed '4** portable ban-uet seats and '7* round table and 4'** terrace seats. This material good from any various aspect performance such as the amount of light, its direction, intensity and colour (for example artificial light# all have a decisive influence on the impression created by par-uet. Bor example, can create interesting reflections with an oiled floor, good reception of speech and music is that the performance is intelligible, the clarity -uality of the sound, cleanliness and maintenance.

,esides that, ergonomic planning and colour coordination for

this

hall

plays

important role to give comfort and better environment for users. ,ecause, matching with contra combination colour for the dar0 brownish colour for the wall surrounding and floor give nice eye views and cream>white colour terrace seat and ceiling give the audiences feel en;oy and relax during watching performance.

And the raise stage area is ++A x )6.)A and made up from wood floor and composite concrete with fire insulation and covered with carpet. This stage placed the performer, musician and audio visual system. The chosen colour for this carpet stage is soft blue colour to match dar0 and soft colour from the auditorium surrounding. Dramatic stage lighting system, including front lighting, foot lighting, spot lights, follow spot lights, beam lights, flood lights. 9tep lights recessed into floor risers at each seating tier. Wall mounted low light level sconce lights along side walls, downlight lamps at ceiling.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 4 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

Air distribution system for this auditoria type re-uires a +*C increases in cooling capacity of constant volume with modulated temperature control. ,ut according to interviewee, air distribution system separate into /ones for hall auditorium, stage area, audience seating, lobby and pro;ection spaces.

<hoto +.'= Bretwor0 ?syahadah@ at gallery and D !TA" auditorium view

<hoto +.4= rgonomic planning and colour coordination between floor and terrace seat

<hoto+.+= "aise stage and lighting

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 5 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

&.0

D'(I)N * + ,OUT O- TH' UDITORIU.

Design of the auditorium is based on prestige design which symboli/es the ob;ectives of the university itself. The main function of the auditorium at first is for any official events of the university and art and culture events. 9o, the design is more li0ely as a main attraction to the university on a +.7 hectare of land. This auditorium is attach to the Panggung Seni which located behind of the auditorium or to be exact bac0stage of the auditorium. Panggung Seni is another small auditorium for art events and recording for television show such as DPi Mai Pi Mai Tang Tu. These two auditoriums are located in one large building structure includes office area for technical group. Distance of the auditorium from the main road is '* meters.

#anggung (eni .ain road

#arking rea
D'CT R De%an Tun /du0 Ra1ak

10 metres

.ain 'ntrance

Bigure 8.'= Layout of the building from main road

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 6 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto 8.'= Bront view of D !TA"

<hoto 8.4= 9ide D !TA" view of

According to the layout plan of the building, it consists of three levels which is the ground floor, first level and second level. The auditorium remains in the centre of the building. The ground floor consists of the seating area for audiences, main stage, store which located under the staging seat, toilets, lobby, fitting room, lighting room, E.< rooms, Gamelan studio, post guard, and foyer of auditorium. As mention before, this auditorium does not have bac0stage because it being attach to another small auditorium behind the stage which is Panggung Seni. During art and culture event, the Panggung

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 7 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II Seni is use as bac0stage for preparation for the show and changing costume area. Brom the main entrance, it can be seen the stage which located opposite with the main entrance and there is empty space in the middle of the auditorium. The seats for audiences located at the both side of the auditorium and another one opposite with the stage. Birst floor of the auditorium includes of control room where it control the lighting, sound and slide during the events. .t also consists of art foyer, store, E.< rooms, toilets, preFview room, prayer room, technical office, technician room, airFcondition room, dance studio, second layer for staging seat and dimmer which located near to the stage. The control room of the auditorium located opposite with the stage to give full view of the auditorium and the stage. The second floor level is the top of auditorium where maintenance wor0 is done. This area is where the light axle is located. Gnly technician and maintenance people can enter this area. Around this floor level also located the Wayang uli! studio, designers room, coach theater room, gallery, A.1.$ room, cultural office, water storage tan0, toilets, prayer room and store. "efers to the layout plan, this auditorium is rectangular shape and have lots of rooms around the building. The designed is wide spans and multiple stories high because to accommodate seating, sightline and acoustical re-uirement. The entire layout plan for this auditorium is being attach in the appendix section of the report.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 8 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

2.0

'+'.'NT( O- TH' UDITORIU.

This auditorium has many elements that made and cover from different types of materials. The elements are wall, floor, ceiling, doors, stage, seats and stairs. These elements are cover and made from different types of material that have different purpose and effect for the acoustical purpose. All the elements are described below=

i.

9eats

<hoto 7.'= Terrace seats in the auditorium

<hoto 7.4= Terrace seats and moveable seats view from top

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 9 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II This is terrace seat which being arrange in terraces to allow full sightlines for audiences to see the view on stage. .n this auditorium, terrace seat located on both side of auditorium and at the main entrance. .t consists of 4'** units of terrace seat which cover with cream colour leather and '4** moveable seats which being arrange at the centre of the auditorium.

ii.

Wall

<hoto 7.+= 9trip wooden wall

<hoto 7.8= 9trip wooden wall layer with fiber glass

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 10 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto 7.7= Wooden bloc0 attach to the wall Bor wall, this auditorium use wood as it finishes. The concrete wall is layer with fiber glass to absorb the sound and avoid it from escape to outside of the auditorium. Then, it finishes with strip of wooden bloc0 for the interior of the auditorium. 9trip wooden bloc0 is choosing because of esthetic purpose. The strip wooden bloc0s is arranged with a large space in between it to allow full absorption of the sound through out of the auditorium. 1uge wooden bloc0 is attach to the wall near both side of stage to allow the sound reflect on the surface of the wooden bloc0 to the audiences in the auditorium.

Interior

'3terior

4ooden /0ock

Concrete %a00 -i/er g0ass 0ayer

Bigure 7.'= !ross section wall of auditorium

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 11 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

iii.

Bloor

<hoto 7.3= <ar-uet floor

<ar-uet is use for floor finishes for the center area of the auditorium. During the time it constructed, par-uet is famous as floor finishes. 9o, par-uet is chosen instead of carpet and it is easy to be clean. .t also reflects the light in the auditorium which gives shinning effect to the floor area. This par-uet only use at the center of the auditorium and concrete floor is use for the seating area.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 12 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

iv.

!eiling

<hoto 7.)= !eiling of the auditorium

<hoto 7.6= !loseFup view of the ceiling area This auditorium using plaster ceiling with some tiny hole finishes at the plaster ceiling surface. The tiny holes is for decorative purpose and also act as sound absorber where it allows sound to travel through the hole. .n other word, this type of ceiling does not reflect the sound in the auditorium.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 13 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

v.

Door

<hoto 7.(= Double layer wooden door

Birst layer door

9econd layer door <hoto 7.'*= Gverview of double layer door

Double layer door is use for main entrance door in this auditorium and it made from wood. Double layer door is use to ma0e sure the loud sound in the auditorium do not escape to the outside. The span of the door is large and thic0 to insulate the sound in the auditorium.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 14 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

vi.

9tage

<hoto 7.''= Gver view of stage

<hoto 7.'4= !lose view of stage finishes 9tage is center of attraction in an auditorium. This stage has two levels and it is cover with carpet as it finishes. 9tage is where all the performance and speech ta0e place. This stage is decorated with some plant infront of it and cover with carpet and curtain. !arpet and curtain is use not only for esthetic value but also as a material that can absorb sound.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 15 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II vii. 9tairs

<hoto 7.'+= 9tairs in auditorium with tile finishes 9tair in this auditorium is finished by using light colour tile. This type of tile is used to reflect sound in the auditorium. The tile colour is soft because to allow the light to reflect. .n terms of ergonomic planning, it gives relaxing view and feel to the audiences to focus on the stage.

viii.

!urtain

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 16 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

Birst layer curtain 9econd layer curtain

<hoto 7.'8= 9tage curtain

This stage have double layer curtain used during performance. This curtain is control by the rotary motor. The first layer of curtain is to cover the stage area while the second layer curtain is to cover the board on the stage wall. This curtain also function to absorb sound as it made from high -uality and thic0 material besides as decoration purpose.

5.0

'6UI#.'NT U('D IN TH' UDITORIU.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 17 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II .n order to have a good -uality of sounds received by the users of the auditorium, here are the e-uipment used in the auditorium=F

5.1

+ouds7eaker (yste! 1) lectroFvoice HFLine !ompact BullF,andwidth Line Array ( 4 units#

<hoto 3.'= lectroFvoice HFLine !ompact BullF,andwidth Line Array

a# HFLine is a sound loudspea0er system that combines highFlevel sonic impact and vocal intelligibility with the uniform, predictable coverage that only a line array can deliver. b# .t has been designed axisFsymmetrical and thus eliminate the problems inherent in hori/ontal arrays. 9uch design helps to ensure that every

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 18 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

users received the same -uality, the same volume of sound same as the front users, despite they sit at the bac0 of the auditorium. c# .t is compact, and lightweight. d# .t is paired with a 1ydra system, which is a planeFwave generator that can be tuned to produce optimal waveFfront geometry for any design. Thus, it results in giving superior highFfre-uency summing troughout the entire listening field, near or far. e# .t is portable, where it can be pull out and placed anywhere.

2)

<assive Loudspea0er

<hoto 3.4= <assive Loudspea0er

a) This 0ind of loudspea0er is installed fixed to the wall. b) The -uality produce by this 0ind of loudspea0er is not really good since at only pro;ects sounds for the audience who sits near to it. Bor the audience who sits at the bac0, they can@t hear the sounds the same level as the audience who sits in front.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 19 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

3)

&onitor spea0er

<hoto 3.+= &onitor spea0er

a# This spea0er is used by the performer of that particular event.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 20 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II b# The performer has a separated spea0er since when they perform on stage, they actually can@t hear the voice or sound produce from themselves. That is why they need a separated spea0er.

5.2

(ound (yste! Contro0 Conso0e Bor most of the activities or performance held in the auditorium of $%&, either it is for speech or live music performance, they used a modern sound system control. 2evertheless, if the activity is only for minor purposes by means of, a good -uality is not the priority, and then they will use the conventional sound system which located in the control room. '# <earl xpert Avolites sound control consoles

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 21 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto 3.8= <earl xpert Avolites sound control consoles

a# This sound system console is used to control over the overall -uality of sounds produce from the performance. b# .t is installed together with !D>DED and $9, stic0 connection. c# .t is portable sound controller thus it can be placed anywhere. $sually, they will placed it at the end of auditorium, facing the stage. d# Bor any complaints received from the listener about the sound produce, the person whom incharge will ad;ust what necessary to be fixed by controlling any buttons installed at this console.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 22 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

4# !onventional sound control system console

<hoto 3.7= !onventional sound control system console

a# This conventional sound control console located in control room. b# The application of this console is very seldom, as the -uality of sound produce is not really good and it is fre-uently bro0en.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 23 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

5."

8ideo #ro9ector

<hoto 3.3= Eideo pro;ector

a#

Eideo pro;ector is an image pro;ector which receive video signal from the inputs (computer# and pro;ects that particular image to the pro;ection screen using a lens systems.

b#

Bor this auditorium, the pro;ector is hanging at the above air by the supports from pro;ector holder.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 24 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II c# .t is usually used when there is activities for dinner, awards ceremony, speech, and etc.

5.&

#ro9ection (creen

<hoto 3.)= Bixed frame pro;ection screen

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 25 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

a# <ro;ection screen is used to display the pro;ected image to the view of the audience which been pro;ected by using video pro;ector. b# Bor $%&@s auditorium, they had installed two types of pro;ection screen which are electric screen and fixed frame. c# Apart from the main auditorium, they also have installed one canvasFtype pro;ection screen at the other auditorium, which located at the bac0 side of the main auditorium. .t is used when the convocation ceremony, for the purpose of the audience that have not been allowed to enter the second auditorium. the main auditorium. 9o these people still can watch the convocation ceremony from

Electric ro!ection Screen

<hoto 3.6= lectric <ro;ection 9creen

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 26 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II 5.2 .icro7hones

Bigure 3.(= Eocal microphone

Bigure 3.'*= .nstrument microphone

a# &icrophones are a type of transducer which converts the pressure waves caused by sound into vibrations within a coil which transform the vibrations into electric signal. b# These electric signals will be sent by using wire or wireless to an amp or mixer to spea0ers or recording device. c# .n this auditorium, they used two types of microphones, which is a vocal microphone and instrument microphone. d# Eocal microphone is used when the -uality of sounds is not a priority (for example speech purpose#. &eanwhile, instrument microphone is used when the performance need a good -uality of sound and to enhance the sound produced by the users (for example live music band# e# $%&@s auditorium used both wireless and wire type of microphone,

5.5.

(7ot0ight

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 27 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

'#

<A"A,GL.! AL$&.2.I D " BL !TG" (<A"# L D 9<GTL.J1T <hoto 3.''= <arabolic Alumini/ed "eflector (<ar# Led 9potlight

<hoto 3.'4= Top view of <arabolic Alumini/ed "eflector (<ar# Led 9potlight

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 28 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II a# This type of spotlight is used to give effects by emitting various of colours to shows the mood for that particular performance. b# .t is installed at the catwal0 of the stage. c# The position is ad;ustable. d# .t is normally used when there is special performance such as theaters and music live band when the lighting will enhance the performance.

4#

Bollow 9potlight

<hoto 3.'+= Bollow 9potlight a# This spotlight is portable. .t can be placed anywhere. The stand will be attached together as the support of the spotlight. b# .t is used to emit the light when the E.<s are wal0ing heading to their position. Thus, the light from this spotlight will follow their movement. c# .t is controlled manually, by means of it will need a humanforce to move the rotation.

5.:

Do%n0ight

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 29 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto 3.'8= !eiling mounted Downlight

<hoto 3.'7=!eiling Downlight

a# There are various types of downlight installed in this auditorium. 2evertheless, the functions are the same. b# .t is used as the main source of light, and used when there is formal occasions such as examinations and convocation.

5.; -0uorescent +ight

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 30 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto 3.'3= Bluorescent Light

a# A line of fluorescent light is used to give visibility to the performer at the stage and to enhance the advertisement shown on the board.

5.<

+ighting Contro0 #ane0

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 31 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto 3.')= Lighting !ontrol <anel a# This control panel will control the overall lighting in the auditorium either they want to turn on>off the lights. b# .t also to control the dimness of the lights.

:.0

IN(TRU.'NT U#D T' O- TH' UDITORIU.

.n D !TA", the instrument used is very update and suitable to the function of the auditorium that is multiFpurpose. There is some instruments update in the D !TA" auditorium.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 32 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

:.1

(ound

!70ifier

$se to reduce the sound problem that produces by the acoustical sound effects. The effects are the reverberation, echo and delay of sound. This amplifier also uses to ad;ust the sound setting li0e the volume of sound and others to be suitable to the function in the auditorium.

<hoto ).'= <earl xpert Avolites

:.2

8ertica0 Cur$e (7eaker

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 33 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II This is the latest type of spea0er use in every function neither in auditorium or open function li0e concert. This spea0er installed suspended at the ceiling of the auditorium. This spea0er in shape of curve shape. The spea0er comes in three or more spea0er that combines in curve frame to form the curve shape in vertical position. The vertical position will spread the sound from front to the bac0 of the auditorium. .ts cover the distribution of sound and the entire listener at every position in the auditorium can hear the sound in the same decibel.

<hoto ).4= lectroFvoice HFLine !ompact BullF,andwidth Line Array

:."

Rotary .otor

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 34 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II $sed at the bac0stage. This rotary motor use to move the curtain at the stage. .n D !TA", there have two rotary motor. The motor only one in use and the other installed as standby rotary motor. This motor also uses to move the colour lighting on the stage.

<hoto ).+= "otary &otor

:.&

+ighting
This auditorium installed with various type of lighting system and e-uipment. Bor example, the auditorium has yellow and white lamp. This white and yellow lamps use in different function in the auditorium. for example, the white lamp use in formal function and the yellow lamp use for not formal function li0e dinner. This lighting come in downlight and small spotlight. Gn stage installed with colour spotlight to give dramatic effect on stage.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 35 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II <hoto ).8= Downlight in auditorium

:.2

.onitor (7eaker
This e-uipment is placed on the stage and facing to the performer. The monitor spea0er is functioning as the guidance to the performer. The performer can hear what they say and the sound through this spea0er. There are about five number of monitor spea0er on stage in D !TA" auditorium used. The five spea0er will cover all the area on stage.

<hoto ).7= &onitor spea0er

;.0

COU(TIC + '--'CT( * +I)HTIN) O- TH' UDITORIU.

The auditorium in $niversity %ebangsaan &alaysia ($%&# called as Dewan Tun Abdul "a/a0 (D !TA"#, it has own acoustical effect. All the effects influence the performance of the auditorium. The effect also depends on the elements of the auditorium such as the wall, ceiling, floor, furniture, finishes and the audients in the auditorium. There is the effect of acoustical of D !TA" auditorium.

;.1

Re$er/eration and 'cho

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 36 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

cho means the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves. The sound produce in the space will repeating and disturb the other sound. The reverberation will form when the listener receive to many reflection of sound that produce from the space elements li0e wall and floor. .n D !TA", the reverberation also produced but the finishes that used in the auditorium that absorb the sound reduce this sound effect. There are some examples the finishes that install to reduce the reverberation in D !TA".

6.'.'

Timber finishes on wall The wall of the auditorium installed with timber in batten shape. The batten timber not ;ust installed independent on the wall but it come with the fiber glass layer install before the batten. The timber batten installs with some space between each timber about half inch to allow the sound flow through the space and the fiber glass layer will reduce the reverberation effect.

<hoto 6.'= 9trip wooden bloc0 wall

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 37 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II 6.'.4 !arpet on floor Bloor at E.< seat area is using carpet for it finishes. The type of carpet used in the auditorium is the type of absorb the sound. 9o, the entire sound passes the carpet will absorb the sound and avoid it from reflect around the auditorium. .t is also for decorative purpose.

<hoto 6.4= !arpet use floor finishes near E.< seat

6.'.+

Burniture The factor of using the suitable furniture will help to reduce the acoustical effects in the auditorium. .n D !TA", the furniture use li0e seats and others are made to absorb the sound reverberation and echo.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 38 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II <hoto 6.+= 9eat 6.'.8 1oneycomb Type !eiling This type of ceiling use about (*C in this auditorium. The honeycomb ceilings absorbs more sound and reduce the reflection of sound. 9o, by using the honeycomb type ceiling, the acoustical effect li0e reverberation and echo will be reduce in D !TA" auditorium.

<hoto 6.8= 1oneycomb plaster ceiling ;.2 De0ay The delay of sound form when the sound receive late to the receiver. .t can be see when the sound receive to the listener. .n D !TA", this effect reduce by using mechanical instrument. The auditorium is install with new and update sound amplifier. This e-uipment will control by the trained technician. The technician will ma0e the maintenance to this e-uipment once a month. The e-uipment also will ad;ust to be suitable to the function in the auditorium. The technician who control the sound amplifier will use the e-uipment to reduce the delay effect in the auditorium. 9o, the sound can be listening and receive to the listener clearly. ;." +ighting #erfor!ance Bor the lighting, the auditorium installed with various type of lighting system and e-uipment. The auditorium use many type of lighting system. Bor example, the auditorium has yellow and white downlight. This white and yellow downlight use for

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 39 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II different purpose in the auditorium. The white lamp use in formal function and the yellow lamp use for informal function li0e dinner. This lighting comes in downlight and small spotlight. The stage lighting system installed with colour spotlight to give dramatic effect on stage. The lighting on stage can be move by the rotary motor.

<hoto 6.7= Eiew of downlight in the auditorium

<.0

#'R-OR. NC' O- UDITORIU.

There are various performances that can be done in the $%&@s main auditorium. 9ome of the performances are=F '# !onvocation ceremony 4# Awards winning ceremony +# Dinner 8# &usic live band shows 7# 9peech giving ceremony 3# xamination for the students

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 40 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II Bor every 0inds of performances which be held in this auditorium, they will use modern system or conventional systems of sound control system. Bor instance, if the performance is only main for speech purpose, they will use conventional sound control system which located in control room. ,ut, if the performance re-uiring a good -uality of sound, for example music live band shows, they will use modern e-uipment system to control over the sound systems. The modern type of control systems is able to produce a better -uality of sound.

This is also applied when it comes to the lighting system. .f the performance re-uires a good -uality of lighting with various colours and lighting effects, for example when there is theatre performance, they will use spotlight which have various colours and ad;ustable intensity to give mood to the audience. 2evertheless, if the performance is re-uiring full attention and clear vision to the audience, for example for academic examination for the students, they will use normal lighting which is recessed downlight.

10.0

. N )'.'NT O- TH' UDITORIU.

The function of management of the auditorium is to always ma0e sure that this auditorium is functioning well and always been ready to be use weather by the student or the outsider. .t also has to prepare all the facilities needed for this auditorium to ma0e sure this auditorium have all the advance system that an auditorium needs. .n this auditorium, they need to fill a form manually to <usat %ebudayaan $niversiti %ebangsaan &alaysia to boo0 the auditorium. .n the form they have to state their personal detail li0e name, address and phone number. Then they also had to state the purpose they need to use the auditorium and they had to state which area they need

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 41 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II to use. ,esides that, in the form they have to state that for how long they need to use the auditorium and inform to the management what 0ind of facilities that they need. After the management received the form, they will decide whether their application is passing or not. .f they get the auditorium, <usat %ebudayaan $%& will give the approval letter. .n this latter, it will state all the data that has been inform by the applicant as references. Bor the applicant, they can state in the application form what they need to be providing during their event and the management team will try to provide what they need. Bor example, music instrument tables and chairs.

<hoto '*.'= xample of the approval letter

Then, all the activities will be supervised by

n &ohd 9hahril b. &ohd

9harif who is technician of <usat %ebudayaan. 1e will be record all the activities or the condition of the auditorium before, during and after the event. What he observes will be record in one boo0 and will be chec0 by officer of <usat %ebudayaan. .f after the event there are some damage happen in the auditorium, action will be ta0en to ma0e sure this auditorium always in good condition.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 42 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

Bor sound and lighting management, if there is any event conducted in this auditorium, the lighting and sound system will be control by soundman and lighting man. "ehearsal will be conduct for every event to 0now the suitable lighting and good sound system produce during the event. This is also to ma0e sure the event is run smoothly without any technical problem. .f there is any slide or video that want to be pro;ect through the L!D, it will be made through the control room and rehearsal also need to be conduct to ma0e sure the L!D is functionally well. .n addition, this auditorium also provides a generator as a bac0up if in case that there is a blac0out.

<hoto '*.4= "eport boo0

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 43 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto '*.+= L!D rehearsal

11.0

. INT'N NC' O- TH' UDITORIU.

Bor the maintenance part, the regular maintenance will be done regularly once a wee0. 9o, the technician of the auditorium will be in charge to chec0 the entire component in the auditorium. This is including the, audio system, airFcond system, the floor, ceiling, the seats, firefighting system and etc. .f the technician find there something wrong or bro0e with the component, it will be immediately change or repair. .f some component is old enough to be change with a new one, it will be change and replace by something new according to the technology. Bor example, spea0er or lighting system. be record in one boo0 and will be chec0 by officer. xcluding the light,the light will be maintain once in a three month. ,eside that all the report will

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 44 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II <hoto ''.'= "eport boo0 for maintenance .n addition if they receive any complain or feedbac0 about any defect in the auditorium, immediate action will be ta0en by the technician. The complaint or the feedbac0 can be made through $%& online portal in feedbac0 and report slot. ,ut only $%& student and staff can get through the portal. The technician will go through the portal from time to time to ma0e sure he update about all the complaint or the report related to the auditorium and ta0e immediate action. .f action already be made, the solution will be record also through the portal.

<hoto ''.4= $%& online portal

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 45 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

<hoto ''.+= &aintenance chec0list

.f there is serious cases li0e vandalism, technician will be see how big the damages is and will ma0e a report about the vandalism. After writing report had been made, including with the proof li0e picture or etc. action will be made to repair all the damages. The example of the report of the vandalism can be referring in appendix in this report.

<hoto ''.8= xample of vandalism report

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 46 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

12.0

CONC+U(ION

.n a conclusion, by doing this case study we can analy/e the important for an auditorium to provide sufficient sound and lighting as it affect the audiences comfort. .t also affects the entire performance in the auditorium. The sound level provided must be accurate and can be received by the normal human ear level. ,enefits from this research it allows us to see and interperate how the surrounding in the auditorium and it acoustical effect affects the material and elements in the auditorium itself. Brom our observation, four main aspects which is design, layout, element and e-uipment used in the auditorium plays important role in this D !TA" performance. ven though this D !TA" was built

half a century but this auditorium still performs well with some new technologies applies in the auditorium. This is all to give good acoustical effect and provide best performance of auditorium together with the high technology of lighting system.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 47 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

1".0

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n <usat %ebudayaan officer in $%&