Fundamentals of Electrohydraulics

Collection of Transparencies TP 601

Festo Didactic 095051 en

Order no.: Designation: Description: Edition: Author: Graphics: Layout:

095051 E.-HYDR-FOLIEN. D:OT-TP601-GB 07/2001 Dieter Scholz Doris Schwarzenberger 18.07.2001, Beatrice Huber

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co., D-73770 Denkendorf, 2001 Internet: www.festo.com/didactic e-mail: did@festo.com The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved, in particular the right to carry out patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.

Foreword

This set of overhead transparencies has been designed for use with the basic level of the technology package TP600 Electrohydraulics. The set of overhead transparencies and the technology package form part of the Learning System for Automation from Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. The 30 transparencies in this set have been optimised from the didactic and methodological points of view. Each transparency is accompanied by a short text which provides the trainer with a quick overview of the training contents of the transparency concerned. Training contents Basic principles of electrohydraulics Function and use of electrohydraulic components Basic principles of electrical engineering Production and interpretation of standard hydraulic and electrical circuit diagrams The text sheet includes a complete illustration of the transparency, in certain cases with additional explanations and legends which the trainer can enter on the transparency in the course of a training session. The advantages of this concept are: The trainer can add to the transparencies step by step in the course of a training session. The trainer is thus able to create a lively and interesting atmosphere. The provision of accompanying text means less preparation work for the trainer. New! Electronic presentation The enclosed CD-ROM contains the entire overhead transparencies and accompanying text of this edition in an electronically presentable form in the files Electrohydraulics _transparencies.pdf and Electrohydraulics _text.pdf. In addition to the screen presentation, which can be made in any order, the contents can be printed out and text and graphics can be used for your own training preparations, insofar as the functionality of the required Adobe Acrobat Reader permits this. This freely distributable software is available on the CD-ROM in the currently valid English version for Windows 95/98/NT for installation in the directory Acrobat_Reader. Please start the file rs405eng.exe and follow the subsequent dialogue.

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Contents

Electrohydraulic press _______________________________________ Transparency 1 Schematic layout of an electrohydraulic installation ______________ Transparency 2 Electrical power supply unit __________________________________ Transparency 3 Electrical circuit ____________________________________________ Transparency 4 Measuring circuits __________________________________________ Transparency 5 Ohms law _________________________________________________ Transparency 6 Rectifiers __________________________________________________ Transparency 7 Analogue, digital and binary __________________________________ Transparency 8 Momentary and sustained contact switches _____________________ Transparency 9 N/O, N/C and changeover contacts ___________________________ Transparency 10 Limit switches _____________________________________________ Transparency 11 Proximity switches _________________________________________ Transparency 12 Solenoid (electromagnet) ___________________________________ Transparency 13 Electrohydraulic converters (solenoid valves)___________________ Transparency 14 Dry solenoids wet solenoids________________________________ Transparency 15 Solenoid valve connections__________________________________ Transparency 16 Relays and contactors ______________________________________ Transparency 17 Direct activation indirect activation __________________________ Transparency 18 Signal inversion ___________________________________________ Transparency 19 Latching__________________________________________________ Transparency 20 Circuit diagram ____________________________________________ Transparency 21 Hydraulic power pack_______________________________________ Transparency 22 Hydraulic circuit ___________________________________________ Transparency 23 Electrical power hydraulic power ____________________________ Transparency 24 Power losses______________________________________________ Transparency 25 Pressure switches__________________________________________ Transparency 26 4/3-way solenoid valve _____________________________________ Transparency 27 4/3-way solenoid valve, piloted ______________________________ Transparency 28 Electrical safety____________________________________________ Transparency 29 Hydraulic safety ___________________________________________ Transparency 30

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. Electrohydraulics

Electrohydraulic press Function units Motor with hydraulic pump Control panel Valve manifold Cylinder The hydraulic press is controlled via the electrical control panel. Electrical signals are used to activate the valves in the hydraulic installation. The electrohydraulic press is used to form rectangular troughs.

Motor with hydraulic pump Valve manifold

Actuator (cylinder)

Control pane

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. Electrohydraulics

Electrohydraulic press

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TP 601, Transparency 01

Schematic layout of an electrohydraulic installation Division of installation into signal control section and hydraulic power section. Signal control section Input and processing of electrical signals. Solenoid valves form the interface between the electrical signal control section and the hydraulic power section. Hydraulic power section Controls the flow of hydraulic fluid by means of solenoid valves. Actuators convert hydraulic energy into motions.

Power section Signal control section Signal input Signal processing Solenoid valve

Hydraulic cylinder

Power supply

Hydraulic power supply (conversion)

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. Electrohydraulics

Schematic layout of an electrohydraulic installation

Power section Signal control section

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TP 601, Transparency 02

Electrical power supply unit Connection to mains supply. Supplies signal control section with specified or maximum voltage and current values. Functions in power supply unit Voltage transformation Rectification Smoothing Stabilisation Fuse protection In mobile hydraulic systems, rechargeable battery systems or generators are used as a power supply for the signal control section.

230V AC DC 24V

50 C

TR Transformer

G Rectifier

T Fuse

Smoothing Stabilisation

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. Electrohydraulics

Electrical power supply unit

230V AC DC 24V

TR
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T
TP 601, Transparency 03

Electrical circuit A circuit consists of at least a power source, a load device and connecting lines. Electrical current will flow only in a closed circuit. Technical direction of current flow Figure A Figure B Electrical current flows from the positive terminal of the power supply to the negative terminal. Closed circuit without power supply. Introduction of a power supply to complete the circuit.

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. Electrohydraulics

Electrical circuit
A B

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TP 601, Transparency 04

Measuring circuits Voltage measurement Current measurement The voltage drop across a load device is measured in parallel with the device. Electrical current is measured in series.

Voltage measurement

Current measurement

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Measuring circuits

+ -

+ -

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TP 601, Transparency 05

Ohms law Ohms law Describes the relationship between current (I), voltage (V) and resistance (R). With ohmic resistances, the current rises in linear proportion to the voltage. Graph The value pairs for a constant resistance lie on a straight line. The current I is proportional to the voltage V. Mathematical formula for Ohms law: V=RI I=V:R

Resistance R Relay V=RI Solenoid coil V R

Voltage V 10 V 20 V 0.5 A 1.0 A

30 V 1.5 A

40 V 2.0 A 1.33 A

0.33 A 0.66 A 1.0 A

I=

A
R

2.0 A 1.5 1.0

I 0.5 0 0 10 V 20 30 V 40

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. Electrohydraulics