CHAPTER 7

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
7.1. FARADAYS & LENZS LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: 7.1.A: Following questions are of very short answer type. Each question is to be answered in one or two sentences and each may carry 1 mark only. 1. Will an induced current flow through a conductor pointing east-west, when it is rapidly moved towards west into a magnetic field pointing towards south "he magnetic flu# threading a coil changes from 1! # 1$-% to & # 1$-% wb in $.$1s. 'alculate the induce emf. 'alculate the induced emf. ( vertical metallic pole falls down through the plane of magnetic meridian. Will any emf be produced between its ends )ive reason for your answer. ( bar magnet falls from height h through a metal ring. Will its acceleration of fall be equal to g )ive reason for your answer. "he electric current in a wire in the direction from , to ( is decreasing. What is the direction of induced current in the metallic loop kept above the wire as shown in the figure

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)ive the direction in which the induced current flows in the wire loop, when the magnet moves towards it as shown in the figure.

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"he current through the wire 01 is increasing. 2n which direction the induced current flow in the closed loop

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Why does the acceleration of a magnet falling through a long solenoid decrease Figure shows two positions of a loop 015 in a perpendicular uniform magnetic field. 2n which position of the loop is there an induced emf 0 0

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( coil ( is connected to a voltmeter 6 and the other coil , to an alternating current source 7. 2f a large copper sheet ', is placed between the two coils, how does the induced emf in the coil ( change due to current in the coil , What is the magnitude of the induced current in the circular loop 8-9:, of radius ;r< if the straight wire 01 carries a steady current of magnitude ;2< ampere 8 0 9 : 1

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Figure shows a hori=ontal solenoid 01 connected to a battery , and switch .. ( copper ring 5 is 0 placed on a frictionless track, the a#is of the ring being along the a#is of the solenoid. What would happen to the ring as the switch . is closed

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7.1.B: Following questions are of short answer type and each may carry ! or % marks. 1. .tate :en=<s :aw. ( closely wound rectangular coil of !$$ turns and si=e $.%m # $.1m is rotating in a magnetic field of induction $.$$+ wb>m ! with a frequency of 13$$ rpm about an a#is normal to the field. 'alculate the ma#imum value of the induced emf. What is electromagnetic induction .tate Faraday<s :aw for the magnitude of the induced emf. ( coil having 1$$ turns and area of $.!m ! is placed normally in a magnetic field. "he magnetic field changes from $.!$ wb>m! to $.$& wb>m ! at a uniform rate over period of $.$1 sec.. 'alculate the induced emf in the coil. .tate and e#plain Faraday<s :aws of electromagnetic induction. .tate Faraday<s :aws of electromagnetic induction. ( coil of wire enclosing an area 1$$ cm! is placed with its plane making an angle of /$ o with a magnetic field , of strength 1$ -1 wb>m!. What is the flu# through the coil , is reduced to =ero in 1$ -% second. What is the emf induced in the coil ( flat coil of +$$ turns, each of area +$ cm !, rotates in a uniform magnetic field of intensity $.1* ". "he a#is of rotation is perpendicular to the field

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and the angular velocity of rotation is 1+$ rad>sec. "he coil has a resistance of + . "he induced emf is applied to an e#ternal resistance of 1$ . 'alculate the peak current through the resistance. /. 3. 4. 7erive an e#pression for the induce emf produced by changing the area of a rectangular coil placed perpendicularly to a uniform magnetic field. .tate :en=<s :aw. .how how :en=<s :aw follows from the principle of conservation of energy. ( !3 turns coil with an average diameter of $.$!m is placed perpendicularly to a magnetic field of 3$$$ ". "he magnetic field changes to %$$$ " in * seconds. What is the magnitude of induced emf ( circular brass loop of radius ;a< and resistance 5 is place with its plane perpendicular to a magnetic field which varies with time as , ? ,o .in t. @btain the e#pression for the induced emf in the loop. .uppose a helical spring is suspended from a from the roof of a room and a very small weight is also hanging from its lower end. What will happen to the spring if a current is passed through it )ive reason in support of your answer. ( rectangular coil of - turns, area (, is held in a uniform magnetic field ,. 2f the coil is rotated at a steady angular speed , deduce the e#pression for the induced emf in the coil at any instance of time. ( rectangular coil of - turns, area (, is held in a time varying magnetic field given by , ? ,o .in t, with plane of the coil normal to the magnetic field. 7educe the e#pression for the induced emf in the coil. 0redict the direction of induced current in resistance 5 in figures AaB and AbB given below. )ive reasons for your answer. 5 C D

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2n the given diagram, a coil , is connected to low voltage bulb :

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and placed parallel to another coil ( as shown. E#plain the following observationsE AiB ,ulb lights and AiiB bulb gets dimmer if the coil , is moved upwards.

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( circular disc 1$ cm in radius rotates at !$ fad>s about an a#is through its center and perpendicular to the disc. ( uniform magnetic field of $.! " acts perpendicularly the dis. AiB 'alculate the potential difference developed between the a#is and the rim. AiiB What is the induced current if the resistance of the disc is ! ( cylindrical bar magnet is kept along the a#is of a circular coil near it as shown in the diagram. Will there be any induced emf at the terminals of the coil, when the magnet is rotated AaB about its own a#is, and AbB about an a#is perpendicular to the length of the magnet

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.tate :en=<s :aw. "he closed loop 015. is moving into a uniform magnetic field acting at right angles to the plane of the paper as shown in the figure. .tate the direction in which the induced current flows in the loop. .tate :en=<s :aw. "he closed loop 015. is moving into a uniform magnetic field acting at right angles to the plane of the paper as shown in the figure. .tate the direction in which the induced current flows in the loop.

C C C C C C C 0 C C C C C .

C C C C C C C C C C C C

C C C C C C C C C C C C

C0 C C C C C. 1C C C C C 5 C

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.tate :en=<s :aw. "he closed loop C 015. is moving into a uniform C magnetic field acting at right angles C to the plane of the paper as shown C in the figure. .tate the direction in which the loop. "welve wires of equal length are connected to from a skeleton cube which moves with a

C C 0 C 1 C C C C C C 6 C C. C 5 induced current flows in the

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velocity of ;v< perpendicular to the magnetic field ,. What will be the induced emf in each arm of the cube , !!. ( wheel with +$ metallic spokes each o.+ m long is rotated with an angular speed of 1! rad>s, in a plane normal to the earth<s magnetic field. 2f the magnitude of the field is $.+ # 1$ F* ", calculate the emf induced between the a#le and the rim of the wheel. ( small square loop, of side ! mm, is placed inside and normal to the a#is of a long solenoid. "he solenoid has a total of !$$$ turns of wire uniformly wound over its total length of !m. 2f the current in the solenoid wire changes from 1 ( to % ( in th of second, calculate the emf induced in the square loop. 100 "he figure shows two identical rectangular loops A1B and A!B, placed on a table along with a straight long current carrying conductor between them. AiB What will be the directions of the induced currents in the loops when they are pulled away from the conductor with same velocity v AiiB Will the emf induced in the two loops be equal Gustify your answer, a b 2 6 a # !+. Figure shows a bar magnet 9 falling under gravity through an air cored coil '. 0lot a graph showing variation of induced emf E with time t. What does the area enclosed by the E F t curve depict 9 # . b 6

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( circular coil of radius 3 cm and !$ turns rotates about its vertical diameter with an angular speed of +$ per sec in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude % # 1$F! ". Find the ma#imum and average value of the emf induced in the coil. 7erive an e#pression for AiB induced emf and AiiB induced current, when a conductor of length ;l< is moved with a uniform velocity ;v< , normal to a uniform magnetic field ,. (ssume the resistance of the conductor to be ;5. ( bar magnet 9 is dropped so that it falls vertically through the coil '. the graph obtained for voltage produced across the coil vs. time is shown in

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the figure AbB. AiB E#plain reason for the shape of the graph. AiiB Why is the negative peak longer than the positive peak 9 p.d. Am6B

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( uniform magnetic field e#ists normal to the plane of the paper over a small region of space. ( rectangular loop of wrie is slowly moved with a uniform velocity across the field as shown. C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

7raw the graph showing the variation of AiB magnetic flu# linked with the loop and AiiB the induced emf in the loop with time. %$. ( rectangular conductor, :9-@, is C: C C C 9C placed in a uniform magnetic field, C C C C C C X X X X B , directed perpendicularly to the X X plane of the conductor as shown X B X X X X X in the figure. Obtain an expression X X X X X X for the emf induced in the arm MN X X X X X X when the arem is moved towards the XO X X X X NX left with a speed v. Use the above expression to find the emf induced between the ends of an axle of length L, of a railway carriage, traveling in level ground, with a speed of v. ssume the value of earth!s magnetic field at the place, to be " and the angle of dip to be . %tate Len&!s Law. 'wo identical loops, one of copper and the other of aluminium are rotated with the same speed, in a uniform magnetic field acting normal to the plane of the loops. %tate with reasons, for which of the loops (i) induced emf and (ii) induced current will be more*

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7.1.C: Following questions are long answer type carrying + marks each. 1. !. .tate and e#plain the laws of electromagnetic induction. 0rove that the induced charge does not depend upon the rate of change of flu#. 7erive an e#pression for the instantaneous value of the induce emf in a coil when it is rotated in a uniform magnetic field at a uniform angular speed. How does the emf vary when the coil rotates through an angle of ! What is the instantaneous emf when the plane of the coil makes an angle of &$o with the field lines

7.2:EDDY CURRENTS: 7:2:A: Following questions are of very short answer type. Each question is to be answered in one or two sentences and each may carry 1 mark only. 1. What are eddy current

7.2.B: Following questions are of short answer type and each may carry ! or % marks. 1. !. What are eddy currents How can they be minimi=ed 9ention their two applications. E#plain how are the eddy currents produced in a conductor. )ive two applications of eddy currents.

7:3: SELF INDUCTANCE: 7:3:A: Following questions are of very short answer type. Each question is to be answered in one or two sentences and each may carry 1 mark only 1. -ame two factors on which the self-inductance of a coil depends. !. 2f a coil is wound over an iron core, the self-inductance increases by a factor known as IIIIIIIIIII of iron. %. 9agnetic flu# of + micro weber is linked with a coil, when a current of 1m( flows trough it. What is the self-inductance of the coil %. 2f a rate of change of current of !(>s induces an emf of 1$ m6 in a solenoid, what is the value of self-inductance of the solenoid *. 2f the self-induction of an air core inductor increases from $.$1 mH to 1$ mH on introducing an iron core into it, what is the relative permeability of the core used +. Write the e#pression for the energy stored in an inductor when a steady current 2 is passed through it. 2s this energy electric or magnetic &. What is the self inductance of a coil, in which magnetic flu# of *$ milliwebber is produced when a ! ( current flows through it

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coil has inductance of ,.,# -. .etermine the emf induced if the current in it changes at the rate of $./, 0s.

1. .efine the coefficient of self2inductance. 3rite its unit. 4ive two factors on which the self2 inductance of a long solenoid depends. 7:3:B: Following questions are of short answer type and each may carry ! or % marks. 1. -ame the phenomenon associated with the production of back emf in a coil due to change electric current in the coil itself. -ame and define the .2 unit used for measuring this characteristic of the coil. !. 7efine .elf 2nductance and give its .2 unit. 7erive an e#pression for the self inductance of a long, air F cored solenoid of length l, radius r and having - number of turns. %. (t an airport, a person is made to walk through the door of a metal detector, for security reasons. 2f the person is carrying anything made of metal, the metal detector emits sound. @n what principle does this detector work E#plain. *. 2n the given circuit, inductor : 5 and resistor 5 have identical resistance. "wo similar electric : lamps :1 and :! are connected as shown. When switch . is closed, AiB which on of the lamps lights up earlier and AiiB will the . lamps be equally bright after some time Gustify your answer. :1 :!

+. How does the self inductance of an : air core change, when AiB the number of turns in the coil is decreased, AiiB an iron rod is introduced in the coil , ( copper coil : wound on a soft iron core and a lamp , is connected to a battery E through a switch. When the . E switch is closed, the lamp glows dimly. ,ut when the switch is suddenly opened, the lamp flashes for an instance to much greater brightness. E#plain. &. "he energy E Ain mGB, required to build up a steady current 2 Ain m(B in a given coil, varies with 2 in the manner as shown. 'alculate the self inductance of the coil. E 4 * 1 2 1$$ !$$ %$$

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7:4: MUTUAL INDUCTANCE: 7:3:A: Following questions are of very short answer type. Each question is to be answered in one or two sentences and each may carry 1 mark only 7:3:B: Following questions are of short answer type and each may carry ! or % marks. 1. !. 7efine 9utual 2nductance. 7educe the e#pression for the mutual inductance of two long coa#ial solenoids of same length wound one over another. "wo coa#ial coils, one of radius r and the other of radius 5 placed coa#ially with their centers coinciding. For 5 JJ r, obtain an e#pression for the mutual inductance of the arrangement. What is meant by ;mutual induction< 7educe the e#pression for the mutual inductance between a pair of coils having turns - 1 and -! wound over an air core. 7efine coefficient of mutual inductance between two coils. ( secondary coil of n! turns is wound on along a solenoid of cross-sectional area (, having a primary coil of turns n1 per unit length. What is the mutual inductance of the two coils

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7:5: GENERATOR /E+E'E Following questions are long answer type and each carries + marks K1. !. 7raw a labeled diagram of a 7' generator and describe its construction and working. 7raw a labeled diagram of a (' generator and describe its construction and working. 'an the current produced by an ac generator be measured with a moving coil type ammeter AaB Write the principle on which an (' generator works. 7raw its labeled diagram. AbB (n (' generator consists of a coil of +$ turns and area !.+ cm! rotating at an angular speed of &$ rad>s in a uniform magnetic field , ? $.! " between the two fi#ed pole pieces. "he resistance of the circuit including that of the coil is +$$ . AiB 'alculate the ma#imum current drawn from the generator. AiiB What is the flu# when the current is =ero AiiiB Would the generator work if the coil is stationary and instead the pole pieces are rotated together with same speed as above )ive reasons. Write the principle of an ac generator. (n ac generator consists of a coil of +$ turns and area !.+ m! rotating at an angular speed of &$ rad per second in a uniform magnetic field , ? $.%$" between two fi#ed pole pieces. "he resistance of the circuit including that of the coil is +$$ . AiB Find the ma#imum current drawn from the generator. AiiB What will be orientation of the coil with respect to the magnetic field to have AaB ma#imum and AbB =ero flu# AiiiB Would the generator work if the coil were stationary and instead the pole pieces rotated together with the same speed as above

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