Laboratory Animals Volume 40, Number 1, January 2006 PAPERS Walberer et al.

Experimental stroke: ischaemic lesion volume and oedema formation differ amon rat strains !a comparison bet"een Wistar and Spra ue# $a"ley rats usin %R&'( pp. )#* Task: 9. Collaborate on the Select on an! "e#elo$ment o% &n mal 'o!els Secon!ary S$ec es: (at Summary: T)o ! %%erent stra ns o% rat, the * star an! the S$ra+ue,"a)ley, )ere sub-ecte! to e.$er mental mo!els o% %ocal cerebral schem a to com$are les on #olume an! e!ema %ormat on. To create the cerebral les ons 4,0 s l cone,coate! nylon suture )as $asse! throu+h the nternal carot ! artery, $ast the m !!le cerebral artery an! +ently lo!+e! n the anter or cerebral artery. /n one mo!el, schem a re$er%us on, the suture s remo#e! a%ter 90 m nutes. /n the secon! mo!el the suture s le%t creat n+ a $ermanent occlus on. (ats )ere e#aluate! an! score! at 0 hours an! 24 hours $ost sur+ery. &t 24 hours the rats )ere ma+e! us n+ a 1.0T '(/ an! subse2uently euthan 3e!. The e.tent o% the les on an! e!ema )as calculate! ) th the a ! o% ma+e analys s so%t)are. (esults: * star rats !e#elo$e! s +n % cantly lar+er schem c les on #olumes then S$ra+ue,"a)ley4s n the schem a,re$er%us on mo!el but )as s +n % cantly smaller n the $ermanent m !!le cerebral artery occlus on 5'C&67 mo!el. /n * star rats the #olume o% the schem c les on )as not a%%ecte! by the nature o% the les on, ho)e#er, n S$ra+ue, "a)ley rats schem a,re$er%us on resulte! n a s +n % cantly smaller schem c les on #olume com$are! to the $ermanent 'C&6. There )as no ! %%erence n e!ema %ormat on n the 2 stra ns %ollo) n+ schem c,re$er%us on. S +n % cantly more e!ema )as !e#elo$e! n * star rats %ollo) n+ $ermanent 'C&6. /n S$ra+ue,"a)ley rats there )as no s +n % cant ! %%erence n e!ema %ormat on )hen the 2 sur+ cal mo!els )ere com$are!, ho)e#er, $ermanent 'C&6 resulte! n s +n % cantly more e!ema %ormat on than ! ! schem a,re$er%us on. The un!erly n+ mechan sm that e.$la ns the stra n ! %%erences )ere not kno)n an! re2u re %urther n#est +at on. 8uest ons 17 "escr be ho) %ocal cerebral schem a )as create!. 27 /schem a,re$er%us on creates a s +n % cantly lar+er schem c les on n )h ch stra n, the * star or the S$ra+ue,"a)ley9 07 T:; The results %rom e.$er mental stroke research n rats must be cr t cally e#aluate! %or stra n ! %%erences. &ns)ers 17 To create the cerebral les ons 4,0 s l cone,coate! nylon suture )as $asse! throu+h the nternal carot ! artery, $ast the m !!le cerebral artery an! +ently lo!+e! n the anter or cerebral artery. 27 * star 07 T

Rio+a et al. ,ardiorespiratory and minimum alveolar concentration sparin effects of a continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine in halothane or isoflurane#anaestheti-ed rats( pp. .#)/ Summary: The $ur$ose o% th s stu!y )as to !eterm ne the m n mum al#eolar concentrat on 5'&C7 n rats %or the nhalant anesthet cs so%lurane an! halothane )hen use! alone an! )hen rats are % rst + #en a constant rate n%us on o% !e.me!etom ! ne. "e.me!etom ! ne s an m !a3ole +rou$ anesthet c that s a select #e al$ha,2 a!rener+ c a+on st ) th hy$not c an! anal+es c $ro$ert es. /t s the ", somer o% me!etom ! ne. Th s stu!y use! 2< %emale 54 +rou$s o% 17 *= rats, )e +h n+ a$$ro. 200+. 6ne +rou$ rece #e! /S6 > "?@ C(/, an! the secon! +rou$ rece #e! =&A >"?@ C(/, )h le the th r! an! %ourth +rou$s rece #e! C(/ ) th sal ne but )ere !el #ere! e ther =&A or /S6 +as. The an mals )ere chamber n!uce! ) th e ther BC so%lurane or 4C halothane, then ntubate! ) th 16+ catheter. &n arter al catheter )as $lace! n the carot ! to mon tor ! rect bloo! $ressure as )ell as bloo! +ases. The ta l #e n )as catheter 3e! to !el #er the C(/ o% e ther 0.2Bm cro+ram:k+:m n "?@ or sal ne ) th an e2u #alent #olume. /n all +rou$s '&C !eterm nat on )as n t ate! 00 m nutes a%ter the be+ nn n+ o% the n%us on. '&C )as !eterm ne! by a!-ust n+ the ns$ re! concentrat on o% the nhalant base! on an mal res$onse to no. ous ta l clam$ n+. /ns$ re! an! en!,t !al /S6 an! =&A concentrat ons )ere cont nuously obta ne! by a catheter nserte! n the en!otracheal tube, an! e.ten! n+ !o)n to the car na. '&C )as calculate! as the a#era+e bet)een the h +hest concentrat on that allo)e! mo#ement o% the an mal n res$onse to the no. ous st mulus an! the lo)est concentrat on that $re#ente! mo#ement. '&C le#els )ere correcte! to sea le#el barometr c $ressure o% 160 mm=+. (esults: '&C=&A n rats D0" 1.01>:, 0.1C '&C/S6 n ratsD0" 1.46>:, 0.0BC '&C %or =&A > "?@ D0" 0.06>:, 0.22C 5& 12C re!uct on o% '&C=&A7 '&C %or /S6 > "?@ D0"0.<0>:, 0.2C 5& 40C re!uct on o% '&C/S67 "?@ $ro!uce! bra!ycar! a n all +rou$s. &ll +rou$s ha! s m lar bloo! +as $arameters. 8uest ons 1. /s the * star =anno#er rat an nbre! or outbre! stra n9 *hat s t ty$ cally use! %or9 2. 'e!etom ! ne s a7 The same as !e.me!etom ! ne b7 &n somer o% !e.me!etom ! ne c7 &n al$ha,2 a+on st !7 &n nhalant anesthet c e7 E F C. 0. *hat s '&C9 &ns)ers 1. The * star =anno#er rat s an outbre! stra n. /tGs %re2uently use! as a to. colo+y mo!el, tumor +enec ty:oncolo+y mo!el an! a +eneral, all,$ur$ose outbre! mo!el %or use n b ome! cal research. /t )e +hs less than S" rats but s com$arable to S" rats n re$ro!uct #e $er%ormance. 2. ?

0. ' n mum al#eolar concentrat on s a term use! to !enote the relat #e $otency o% nhalant anesthet cs n the lun+s. The '&C s the concentrat on o% the #a$or 5measure! as a $ercenta+e at 1 atmos$here, .e. the $art al $ressure7 that $re#ents the react on to a stan!ar! sur+ cal st mulus 5tra! t onally a set !e$th an! ) !th o% sk n nc s ons7 n B0C o% sub-ects. Th s measurement s !one at stea!y state 5assum n+ a constant al#eolar concentrat on %or 1B m nutes7, un!er the assum$t on that th s allo)s %or an e2u l brat on bet)een the +asses n the al#eol , the bloo! an! the bra n. Effects of epidural morphine and transdermal fentanyl anal esia on physiolo y and behavior after abdominal sur ery in pi s( pp. )0#12
S$ec es: H + Summary: The ob-ect #e o% th s )ork )as to e#aluate the $hys olo+ cal an! beha# oural e%%ects o% o$ o ! anal+es c treatment n $ +s sub-ecte! to ab!om nal sur+ery. 8uest ons: (ea! the ne.t !e% n t ons an! select the correct term %rom the l st belo). "e% n t ons 1. I& l st o% beha# oural cate+or es that !escr be the beha# oural elements that an an mal may e.$ress n a certa n s tuat onJ 2. I& sensory an! emot onal e.$er ence alert n+ the an mal to !ama+e or threat to the nte+r ty o% ts t ssuesJ. 0. 4. Ty$e o% $a n that s $oorly locate! an! can be re%erre! to a ! stant $art o% the bo!y /t s the result o% $rolon+ate! mmob l ty.

Terms a7 b7 c7 !7 e7 %7 +7 h7 7 Somat c $a n V sceral $a n ?tho+ram Catalo+ o% beha# ours Ha n Eeha# our Stress Hressure sore No. ous st mul

Select the r +ht ans)er B. *h ch statement s correct accor! n+ to $otency o% ;entanyl c trate com$are! a+a nst mor$h ne9 a7 b7 Same 20 C less e%%ect #e

c7 !7 6.

2B,B0C more e%%ect #e 1B,100 C more e%%ect #e

Kr ne scal! n+ an! $ressure sores are s +ns o% a7 b7 c7 !7 Hrolon+ate! mmob l ty ; +ht n+ /m$ro$er %ac l ty !es +n /nternal t ssue !ama+e

1.

&n easy an! less han!l n+ )ay %or a!m n strat on o% ;entanyl c trate n $ +s s: a7 b7 c7 !7 /ntra#enously /ntrathecally Trans!ermal /ntramuscular

&ns)ers: 1c, 2e, 0b, 4h, B!, 6a, 1c.

%artin#,ancho et al. Relationship of bispectral index values( haemodynamic chan es and recovery times durin sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia in rabbits( pp. 1*#31
Task 0,Hro# !e research su$$ort, n%ormat on an! ser# ces S$ec es,(abb t 56ryctola+us cun culus7 Summary: E s$ectral n!e. 5E/S7 s !er #e! %rom electroence$halo+ram 5??L7 rea! n+s an! s a ! mens onless number bet)een 0 an! 100. &s recor!e! %rom the sk n o% the hea!, E/S #alues + #e a measurement o% electr cal act # ty n the bra n corte. an! ha#e re$orte! ut l ty n the measurement o% the hy$not c com$onent o% the anesthet c state. The lo)er the number, the more se!at on an! hy$nos s are $resent. The authors o% th s stu!y e#aluate! E/S as a $re! ctor o% hemo!ynam c chan+es an! anesthet c reco#ery t mes n rabb ts un!er+o n+ ab!om nal sur+ery un!er se#o%lurane,bu$renor$h ne or $ro$o%ol, bu$renor$h ne anesthes a. & $os t #e correlat on )as seen bet)een E/S an! mean arter al bloo! $ressure 5'&EH7,5mean n+ h +h E/S #alues corres$on!e! to h +h &EH #alues7, an! a ne+at #e correlat on )as seen bet)een E/S #alues an! heart rate 5=(7,5mean n+ lo) E/S #alues correlate! ) th h +h heart rate #alues7. =o)e#er, s nce chan+es n =( an! &EH are !e$en!ent on the anesthet c a+ent use! an! not s m$ly on hy$nos s, the ut l ty o% E/S %or $re! ct n+ cl n cally m$ortant hemo!ynam c chan+es !oes not necessar ly %ollo). ;urthermore, the authors ! ! not % n! E/S to be an accurate $re! ctor o% anesthet c reco#ery t mes. 8uest ons: 17 True or ;alse9 E s$ectral n!e. 5E/S7 can be use! to ! %%erent ate bet)een consc ous an!

unconsc ous states !ur n+ anesthes a n rabb ts.

27

True or ;alse9 E/S $ro# !es an accurate means o% $re! ct n+ anesthet c reco#ery t mes n rabb ts anesthet 3e! ) th se#o%lurane or $ro$o%ol subse2uent to $reme! cat on ) th bu$renor$h ne.

07

The authors o% th s stu!y %oun! that E/S correlate! ) th )h ch o% the %ollo) n+ hemo!ynam c $arameters !ur n+ anesthet c a!m n strat on9 5Hlease select the best ans)er7 a7 b7 c7 !7 e7 'ean arter al bloo! $ressureD20 =eart rate Central #enous $ressure a an! b only None o% the abo#e

&ns)ers: 17 27 True ;alse. &lthou+h both anesthet c re+ mens $ro# !e! a!e2uate anesthes a %or ab!om nal sur+ery n rabb ts, E/S #alues )ere not use%ul n $re! ct n+ anesthet c reco#ery t mes n th s stu!y. 07 !7 a an! b only.

Leal et al. Successful protocol of anaesthesia for measurin transepithelial nasal potential difference in spontaneously breathin mice( pp. 34#/1 Task 2 , Hre#ent, &lle# ate, an! ' n m 3e Ha n &n! " stress, Task 0 , Hro# !e (esearch Su$$ort, /n%ormat on, an! Ser# ces Task 9 , Collaborate on the Select on an! "e#elo$ment o% &n mal 'o!els Hr mary S$ec es , 'ouse Summary: 'easurement o% the electr cal $otent al ! %%erence 5H"7 across the nasal mucosa !ur n+ cont nuous $er%us on o% solut ons s a common test $er%orme! n cyst c % bros s stu! es. /n m ce, se#eral $roblems are %re2uently encountere! !ur n+ nasal H" measurements an! nclu!e na!e2uate !e$th or !urat on o% anesthes a, bronchoas$ rat on o% solut ons $er%use! n the nose, an! res$ ratory an!:or car! ac !e$ress on. Th s stu!y )as a me! at m$ro# n+ the !urat on an! 2ual ty o% anesthes a nee!e! to obta n o$t mal nasal H" measurements n s$ontaneously breath n+ m ce. &!ult CB1EA:6J )ere anesthet 3e! by /H n-ect on o% a comb nat on o% %entanyl, me!etom ! ne, !ro$er !ol, an! clon ! ne. Clon ! ne )as a!m n stere! at a % .e! !ose o% 0.01Bu+ )h le %entanyl, !ro$er !ol, an! me!etom ! ne )ere use! at small 50.20, 10, an! 0.00 m+:k+, res$ect #ely7 an! lar+e 50.40, 20, an! 0.40 m+:k+, res$ect #ely7 !oses. "e$th o% anesthes a )as cate+or 3e! nto sta+es an! $lanes. Eloo! concentrat ons o% the anesthet c !ru+s )ere measure! 4B m nutes a%ter n-ect on. Nasal H" measurements )ere $er%orme! by % rst $lac n+ an /V catheter ) th ) n+s % lle! ) th electro!e cream S8 n a h n! le+. Th s ser#e! as a br !+e %or connect n+ the re%erence electro!e. Secon!, a !ouble lumen catheter )as $lace! n a nasal $assa+e, one lumen %or $er%us on o% soton c sal ne,bu%%ere! solut ons, an! the other ser# n+ as a measurement electro!e. ; lter $a$er )as $lace! n the mouth an! $er%use! nostr l to

absorb e.cess l 2u !. &t the en! o% the e.$er ment, !ru+s )ere re#erse! ) th nalo.one 54u+7 an! at $ame3ole 5B . !ose o% me!etom ! ne7. The o$t mal !e$th an! !urat on o% anesthes a )as obta ne! ) th the comb nat on o% a small !ose o% %entanyl an! h +h !oses o% !ro$er !ol an! me!etom ! ne. * th th s combo, m ce reache! a sta+e ///, $lane 2 le#el o% anesthes a character 3e! by loss o% bl nk, $u$ llary, an! ) th!ra)al re%le.es, an! re+ular breath n+ ) th e2ual ! str but ons %rom the chest an! ab!omen. &nesthet c n!uct on occurre! 4,6 m nutes a%ter !ru+ a!m n strat on, ) th a !urat on o% a$$ro. mately 4B m nutes. &n mals that rece #e! the h +h !ose o% %entanyl, ) th e ther small or lar+e !oses o% me!etom ! ne an! !ro$er !ol, reache! a sta+e ///, $lane 4 le#el o% anesthes a. These an mals !e#elo$e! s +n % cant res$ ratory !e$ress on an! subse2uently ! e!. &n mals that rece #e! small !oses o% %entanyl, me!etom ! ne, an! !ro$er !ol )ere na!e2uately anesthet 3e! %or nasal H" recor! n+s. 8uest ons: 1. *h ch comb nat on o% !ru+s ach e#e! an o$t mal le#el o% anesthes a %or nasal H" recor! n+s9 a. = +h !ose %entanyl an! !ro$er !ol, lo) !ose me!etom ! ne b. = +h !ose %entanyl an! me!etom ! ne, lo) !ose !ro$er !ol c. = +h !ose %entanyl, !ro$er !ol, an! me!etom ! ne !. Ao) !ose %entanyl, h +h !ose !ro$er !ol an! me!etom ! ne 2. *hat occurre! n m ce %ollo) n+ a!m n strat on o% the !ru+ combo ) th a h +h !ose o% %entanyl9 a. Se#ere car! ac !e$ress on b. Se#ere res$ ratory !e$ress on c. "ecrease! anesthet c !urat on !. Eoth a an! b 0. Nasal H" recor! n+s are use%ul n stu! es o% )h ch ! sease9 a. Car! omyo$athy b. (heumato ! arthr t s c. Cyst c % bros s !. &!eno# ral n%ect on &ns)ers: 1. ! 2. b 0. c 5ort#Le rand et al. %otor and sensory nerve conduction velocities in 6ucatan minipi s( pp. /4#/2 Task 10 , "es +n an! Con!uct (esearch Hr mary S$ec es: H + Summary: Certa n $er $heral ner#e system ! sor!ers are man %este! by a !ecrease n motor an!:or sensory con!uct on #eloc t es, or a !ecrease n the am$l tu!e o% muscle or ner#e $otent al. Techn 2ues n the human, rat an! monkey ha#e been )ell establ she!M ho)e#er, the anatomy an! $hys olo+y o% the rat s so ! %%erent %rom that o% humans %or them to be +oo! an mal mo!els %or stu! es such as th s. 'onkeys are cons !ere! the

best mo!el, but cost rear n+ an! man $ulat on are !ra)backs to the r use. There%ore, the +oal o% th s art cle )as to ntro!uce a metho! %or the measurement o% motor an! sensory ner#e con!uct on #eloc t es n the m n ature $ +, s nce no metho! ha! been !escr be! us n+ th s mo!el. The anter or t b al 5%or measurement o% motor #eloc ty7 an! the nternal $lantar 5%or sensory #eloc ty7 ner#es )ere use! to measure motor an! sensory con!uct on #eloc t es n 04 healthy Nucatan m n $ +s. ' n $ +s )ere anesthet 3e! ) th so%lurane an! a m .e! 9BC 62,BC C62 +as m .ture 5me! cal carbo+ene7. &n mals )ere ne#er anesthet 3e! %or con!uct on stu! es more than t) ce $er month. 'uscle $otent al )as recor!e! by us n+ t)o subcutaneous electro!es. Values n the m n $ +s )ere h +her than those obta ne! n humans or rats, but com$arable to that o% those seem ) th the baboon, )h ch s cons !ere! one o% the best lar+e an mal mo!els %or human $atholo+ es. 8uest ons 1. True or ;alse9 The best e.$er mental mo!el %or stu!y n+ sensor con!uct on #eloc ty s the m n $ +. 2. Sensory ner#e con!uct on #eloc ty )as measure! on the OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ner#eM motor #eloc ty )as measure! on the OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ner#e. 0. Ner#e con!uct on #eloc t es are tem$erature 5!e$en!ent: n!e$en!ent7 o% the central bo!y tem$erature. 4. *hat s an a!#anta+e o% us n+ subcutaneous nee!le electro!es9 &ns)ers 1. ;alse. 'onkeys are cons !ere! the best e.$er mental mo!el 2. nternal $lantarM anter or t b al 0. n!e$en!ent 4. Subcutaneous electro!es can be use! %or th s $roce!ure n the $resence o% muscle atro$hy !ue to $er $heral neurolo+ cal $atholo+ es Wan and West"ood. 7luid collection "ithin the synovial sheath of the tendon of the flexor hallus lon us muscle in the tarsal +oint of rats: an anatomic variant detectable "ith ma netic resonance ima in ( pp. /*#01
Summary: 22 =an:* star rats 5a+e 11,12 )eeks, male7 un!er)ent '( ma+ n+ 54.1T ma+net7 %or the stu!y o% the r +ht tarsal -o nt. 0 o% the rats )ere note! to ha#e une.$ecte! s +nals assoc ate! ) th the ten!on o% the %le.or hallus lon+us muscle. T2 )e +hte! ma+es ha! an nterme! ate,h +h s +nal, ) th an so,s +nal to muscle structure on the $roton !ens ty )e +hte! ma+es. = stolo+y sho)e! that the rats ha! %lu ! collect on ) th n the syno# al sheath o% the ten!on o% the %le.or hallus lon+us muscle, an! that all other -o nt structures )ere normal. Th s )as cons !ere! an anatom c #ar ant, an! the authors a!# se reco+n t on o% th s #ar at on n or!er to a#o ! a m s! a+nos s o% e!ema or other les ons. 8uest on: 17 T or ;: There s normally %lu ! assoc ate! ) th the syno# al sheath o% the ten!on o% the %le.or hallus muscle n rats &ns)er:

17

;, th s s an anatom cal #ar at on

Wan et al. $etection of rat parvovirus type ) and rat minute virus type ) by polymerase chain reaction( pp. 04#0.
Summary: Har#o# rus n%ect ons n rats may con%oun!, nter%ere ) th or n#al !ate research n#est +at ons !ue to cl n cal ! sease or contam nat on o% cell l nes an! trans$lantable tumors. T)o no#el $ar#o# rus s$ec es ha#e been recently !ent % e!, (at Har#o# rus 1 5(HV,17 an! (at m nute # rus 5('V,17 that cause no !emonstrable +ross or h sto$atholo+ c les ons n naturally n%ecte! an mals. (ats e.$er mentally n%ecte! ) th (HV,1a e.h b t $ers stent n%ect on o% the lym$ho ! t ssues an! a re!uct on n tumor s 3e, so there s $otent al %or nter%erence ) th mmune system %unct on an! neo$last c $rocesses. ?.$er mental ('V,1 n%ect on lea!s to $ers stence o% the # rus n lym$ho ! t ssues an! may ha#e mmunomo!ulat on e%%ects. /t s there%ore m$ortant to !ent %y these # ruses n laboratory rats, contam nate! cell l nes an! trans$lantable tumors. Serolo+ c assays are most commonly use! %or test n+ an mals %or $ar#o# rus n%ect ons but they carry the ! sa!#anta+es o% 17 not !etect n+ early n%ect ons, 27 they can only be use! n mmunocom$etent an mals, an! 07 they cannot be use! %or e#aluat n+ cell culture an! trans$lant s$ec mens. HC( assays can !etect h +hly conser#e! +enom c areas o% $ar#o# ruses or can be en+ neere! %or s$ec % c $ar#o# ruses, but are not su table %or rout ne use. Currently, (HV,1 an! ('V,1 !etect on s !one $resum$t #ely by

am$l % cat on o% "N& %rom the un #ersal ro!ent $ar#o# rus HC( ) thout !etect on o% P(V or =,1 "N& %rom s$ec es s$ec % c $r mers. /n th s stu!y they !e#elo$e! t)o $r mary HC( assays to s$ec % cally !etect (HV,1 an! ('V,1. (HV,1 $r mers )ere !e#elo$e! to a un 2ue re+ on o% the non,structural +ene NS1 )h ch s more conser#e! than the VH re+ on amon+ ro!ent $ar#o# ruses. The a!#anta+e o% th s re+ on s that t may allo) %or !etect on o% other (HV,1 solates an! there%ore may make t more use%ul as a screen n+ test. Hr mers %rom the ('V,1 )ere %rom the VH re+ on that s cons stent amon+ the three kno)n solates o% the # rus but not %rom other ro!ent $ar#o# ruses. (HV,1a an! ('V,1 ha#e been !etecte! n mult $le or+ans o% n%ecte! rats. /n th s stu!y, (HV,1 n%ecte! rats ha! $ar#o# rus "N& !etecte! most %re2uently n the s$leen an! ('V,1 )as most %re2uently !etecte! n the s$leen an! mesenter c lym$h no!es. The authors $ro$ose that the s$leen may there%ore be the o$t mal t ssue %or !etect on o% these # ruses us n+ HC(. Ks n+ these !e#elo$e! HC( tests, more #ar ants o% ('V,1 than (HV,1 ha#e been !etecte! %rom colony sam$le subm ss ons su++est n+ that ('V,1 may be more $re#alent n contem$orary rat colon es. 8uest ons: 17 *here s the o$t mal s te o% HC( !etect on o% (HV,1 an! ('V,19 a7 S$leen

b7 c7 !7 27

=eart A #er Sal #ary +lan!

*h ch o% the %ollo) n+ statements about serolo+ c tests %or $ar#o# rus s ;&AS?9 a7 b7 c7 !7 They cannot !etect early n%ect ons They can only be use! on mmunocom$etant an mals They cannot be use! %or test n+ the ent re an mal They cannot be use! %or test n+ cell culture an! trans$lantable tumors

07

True:;alse. The nonstructural +ene NS1 s more conser#e! than the VH re+ on amon+ ro!ent $ar#o# ruses.

&ns)ers: 17 27 07 a c True

Scavi--i and Raspa. Helicobacter typhlonius "as detected in the sex or ans of three mouse strains but did not transmit vertically( pp. 28#2. Hr mary S$ec es: 'ouse Summary: Ne) s$ec es o% I=el cobacterJ are ! sco#ere! ra$ !ly. They are usually restr cte! to the +astro ntest nal tract an! cause +astr c, he$at c an! ntest nal $atholo+y an! ha#e been assoc ate! ) th ! %%erent tumors. 'ost ro!ents I=el cobacterJ colon 3e the lar+e ntest ne, the l #er an! somet mes the b l ary system. Th s stu!y s look n+ at one o% the most recent hel cobacter !ent % e! by HC(: =el cobacter ty$hlon us. /t causes mucosal hy$er$las a n%lammat on n the ceacum an! colon at least n mmuno!e% c ent m ce. /t can be trans%erre! # a %ecal,oral route ) th so le! be!! n+. Th s stu!y re$orts that I=el cobacterJ reaches testes, e$ ! !ym s, uterus an! o#ar es at ! %%erent t mes an! %or a br e% $er o!. =o)e#er, th s ! ! not result n contam nat on o% the rec $ ent %emales %ert l 3e! n # tro, by embryo trans%er or o#ary trans$lantat on n mmuno!e% c ent m ce. The authors s$eculate that =el cobacters s$rea! throu+h a trans ent bacteraem a an! are cleare! ra$ !ly n non,tar+et t ssues. 8uest ons : 17 /n )h ch stra ns o% m ce !o =el cobacters cause cl n cal s +ns9 27 *hat are the $atholo+ c chan+es !ue to =el cobacter ty$hlon us9 07 *hat s the best metho! to s$ec ate =el cobacter an! !etect t9 47 6n )h ch mater al s the HC( $er%orme! to !etect =el cobacter9 B7 *hat s the transm ss on route o% =el cobacter s$ec es 9 67 /s the n%ect on n the se. or+ans $ermanent 9 &ns)ers : 17 /mmunocom$rom se! 27 'ucosal hy$er$las a an! n%lammat on n the caecum an! colon

07 47 B7 67

HC( ;ecal $ellets ;ecal,oral No

5iss et al. 9ranscutaneous vascular ultrasound in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits: a ne" method to evaluate endothelial function( pp. *8#*0
&CA&' s$ec es: Hr mary: rabb t ("" tasks: 2. Hre#ent, &lle# ate an! ' n m 3e Ha n an! " stress 10. "es +n an! Con!uct (esearch &theroscleros s s the un!erly n+ cause o% many human car! o#ascular ! seases nclu! n+ coronary heart ! sease, an+ na, myocar! al n%arct on an! schem c stroke. /n humans , en!othel al !ys%unct on s a +oo! an! n!e$en!ent $re! ctor %or coronary heart ! sease. ?n!othel al %unct on has been assesse! n humans by measur n+ the coronary ! ameter res$onse to &cetylchol ne, %orearm bloo! %lo) res$onse to &cetylchol ne, an! brach al artery %lo),me! ate! ! lator res$onse to $ost schem c hy$erem a. Th s $a$er !eta ls the authors search %or a $re! ct #e an mal mo!el %or en!othel al !ys%unct on. They use normal male NQ* rabb ts an! $lace! hal% on a normal rabb t ! et an! hal% on a athero+en c ! et 5 0 C cocos o l an! 0.2BC cholesterol7. &%ter %our )eeks the rabb ts on the athero+en c ! et that ha! cholesterol le#els +reater than 10 mmol:A )ere ke$t on the ! et %or 16 more )eeks. &t )eek 19 the rabb ts )ere anesthet 3e! ) th ketam ne:.yla3 ne an! the carot ! artery )as ma+e! ) th a 10,B '=3 l near array trans!ucer nter%ace! ) th a ="/ 0000. The r +ht carot ! artery )as ma+e! ) th ultrasoun! an! the ma+e %ro3en at the lar+est cross,sect on. 'easurements )ere taken at basel ne, !ur n+ system c n%us on o% &cetylchol ne. &ll tests )ere re$eate! three t mes an! a#era+e !ata re$orte!. &t )eek 20 the rabb ts )ere euthan 3e!. Sam$les )ere taken to measure cholesterol, tr +lycer !es an! C, react #e $rote n 5 a non,s$ec % c marker o% n%lammat on7. Three r n+s %rom the carot ! artery o% each rabb t )ere taken an e.,# #o measurement o% en!othel um,!e$en!ent rela.at on )as $er%orme!. (esults: (abb ts on the athero+en c ! et %or 20 )eeks ha! h +h cholesterol, tr +lycer !es an! C(H com$are! to the control rabb ts on a normal rabb t ! et. &thero+en c ! et cholesterol 2<.1 mmol:A #ersus normal ! et .<9 mmol:A. Tr +lycer !es : athero+en c ! et 0.B2 mmol:A #ersus normal ! et .41mmol:A. C react #e $rote n, athero+en c ! et 010 n+:mA, #ersus normal ! et 122 n+:mA. The results o% the non, n#as #e transcutaneous ultrasoun! com$are! #ery )ell to the e.,# #o react # ty o% solate! carot ! arter es. (abb ts %e! the athero+en c ! et ha! a stat st cally s +n % cant ! %%erence n ab l ty o% artery to res$on! to acetylchol ne com$are! to the normal control rabb ts. They sho)e! by the

Transcutaneous ultrasoun! an! the e.,# #o measurement that %ee! n+ the rabb ts athero+en c ! et %or 19 )eeks, $ro!uce! s +n % cant en!othel al !ys%unct on, an! that the t)o metho!s )ere com$arable. Th s s the % rst e.am$le o% a non, n#as #e )ay to measure en!othel al %unct on n a laboratory an mal mo!el. The !ata also sho)e! that normal rabb ts %e! an athero+en c ! et %or 20 )eeks resulte! n a s +n % cant ncrease n cholesterol, tr +lycer !es an! C,react #e $rote n ,as )ell as a s +n % cant !ecrease n en!othel al %unct on. 8uest ons: 1. 2. T:; /t s not $oss ble to create a hy$ercholesterolem c rabb t by us n+ an athero+en c ! et9 Name a rabb t that s hy$ercholesterolem c ) thout an athero+en c ! et9 a. b. c. !. 0. 4. V@,2 Checkere! cross *==A ;lem sh L ant

T:; Transcutaneous ultrasoun! s also calle! /VKS9 *hy s th s $a$er m$ortant to the three (4s9 a. b. c. !. (esearchers ) ll be able to use less an mals & non, n#as #e metho! can be use! to re$lace a term nal $roce!ure. Heo$le ) th h +h cholesterol may bene% t %rom th s ne) techn 2ue (abb ts can be use! to re$lace humans n !ru+ stu! es.

&ns)ers: 1. ;alse, t )as sho)n n th s $a$er that they coul! create a hy$ercholesterolem c rabb t ) th an athero+en c ! et. 2. 0. *==A, *atanabe =er table =y$erl $ !em c , not n $a$er see A&', 2Rn! e! t on $a+e 001 ;alse, /VKS stan!s %or ntra#ascular ultrasoun!. Th s metho! sen!s an ultrasoun! nto a bloo! #essel to +et a real t me measurement o% the #essel %rom the ns !e. Transcutaneous ultrasoun! as !escr be! n th s $a$er uses an ultrasoun! on the sk n to measure the bloo! #essel ! ameter %rom the outs !e o% the #essel. 4. E, th s s an e.am$le o% re% nement.

,orne+o#,ortes et al. Rat embryo :uality and production efficiency are dependent on onadotrophin dose in superovulatory treatments( pp. *2#./
Su$ero#ulat on $rotocols %or $ro!uct on o% h +h,2ual ty rat embryos has not been o$t m 3e!, an! th s l m te! the $ro!uct on o% rat embryon c stem 5r?S7 cells necessary %or +ene tar+et n+ an! subse2uent +enet c man $ulat on o% the rat +enome. T)o ty$es o% $rotocols %or su$ero#ulat on n rats ha#e been !escr be!: 17 %oll cle,st mulat n+ hormone 5;S=7 %ollo)e! by lute n 3 n+ hormone 5A=7 or 27 $re+nant mare serum +ona!otro$h n 5H'SL7 %ollo)e! by human chor on c +ona!otro$h n 5hCL7. H'SL,hCL s

the $rotocol o% cho ce s nce ;S= must be !el #ere! by m n ,$um$ !el #ery. There are ) !e ran+es %or the !oses o% H'SL an! hCL as )ell as %or the rat o an! t m n+ o% the !oses. /n th s stu!y, the authors e.am ne the e%%ect o% stra n, !ose, !ose rat o, an! !ose t m n+ on $ercenta+e o% mat n+, $re+nancy rate, a#era+e number o% embryos collecte! $er %emale, ab l ty o% embryos to sur# #e n n # tro culture, an! ca$ac ty o% embryo cells to $ro!uce r?S,l ke cells n * star, ; sher, an! &C/:N 10 )eek ol! %emale rats. * star rats ha! the best res$onse to the su$ero#ulat on treatment 5B0 /K H'SL %ollo)e! by B0 /K hCL B0 hrs later7, an! 24 hours a%ter hCL treatment )as the most a$$ro$r ate t me %or oocyte collect on. *h le B0 /K H'SL an! B0 /K hCL y el!e! the most embryos at collect on, embryos collecte! ) th 00 /K H'SL %ollo)e! by B0 /K hCL sho)e! more # ab l ty n culture an! )ere more l kely to !er #e nto r?S,l ke cell colon es. The embryos $ro!uce! at the lo)er !ose o% H'SL )ere com$ose! o% cells more un %ormly un! %%erent ate! an! better %or ?S cell colony +enerat on. 8uest ons 17 27 07 47 The e%%ects o% en!o+enous ;S= are s mulate! ) th )hat hormone9 The e%%ects o% en!o+enous A= are s mulate! ) th )hat hormone9 *hy )oul! you choose to use H'SL nstea! o% ;S= %or su$ero#ulat on n rats9 Summar 3e the authors4 recommen!e! rat su$ero#ulat on $rotocol %or +enerat on o% ?S cell colon es.

&ns)ers 17 27 07 47 H'SL hCL ;S= must be !el #ere! ) th a m n $um$ nstea! o% a s n+le n-ect on. /n 10 )eek ol! %emale * star rats, + #e 00 /K H'SL $ %ollo)e! n B0 hours by B0 /K o% hCL $. 'ate ) th a 16 )eek ol! male * star rat 12 hrs a%ter hCL a!m n strat on. Collect embryos at 4.B !ays o% $re+nancy a%ter euthan 3 n+ the !am ) th cer# cal ! slocat on.

;u-man#Silva and ,osta#<eves. &ncipient spontaneous ranulose cell tumour in the erbil( Meriones unguiculatus( pp. .0#)8)
Summary: Lranulosa Cell Tumors, )h ch or + nate %rom the o#ar an mesenchyme, ha#e cl n cal m$ortance )hen they $ro!uce lar+e amounts o% estro+ens an! can ha#e mal +nant e%%ects. Th s art cle !escr bes the s$ontaneous LCT o% the +erb l an! ts use%ulness n many res$ects, as a mo!el o% the human neo$lasm. S$ec % cally !eta le! s the nc $ ent or m crosco$ c o#ar an neo$lasm. 'ost nc $ ent tumors )ere %oun! to be b lateral an! seeme! to be more $rom nent n # r+ n an mals. ' crosco$ cally the +erb l LCT has many o% the same %eatures obser#e! n human LCT. The nc $ ent les ons )ere %oun! to be assoc ate! ) th s +n % cant hormonal alterat ons an! metastases n many occas ons. 8uest ons: 17 T or ; The nc !ence o% LCTs has been l nke! to lo) le#els o% Testosterone.

27 07

*here s the most common s te %or LCT metastases9 T or ; Hre+nancy a$$ears to be $rotect #e a+a nst LCT because o% the h +her le#els o%

Hro+esterone. &ns)ers: 17 27 07 ;,,/t has been l nke! to h +h le#els o% Testosterone The ab!om nal omentum ha! the h +hest number or mets. ;,,The break n the cycl cal act on o% ;S= seems to $rotect a+a nst LCT !e#elo$ment.