1. Biophotonic techniques for manipulation and characterization of drug delivery nanosystems in cancer therapy.

Authors: Spyratou E ; Makropoulou M ; Mourelatou EA ; Demetzos C Author Address: Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Greece. Source: Cancer Letters [Cancer Lett] 2012 Dec 31; Vol. 327 (1-2), pp. 111-22. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Jan 17. Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Language: English Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7600053 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7980 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03043835 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cancer Lett. Subsets: MEDLINE Imprint Name(s): Publication: Limerick : Elsevier Science Ireland Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland. MeSH Terms: Drug Carriers* Microscopy, Atomic Force* Nanoparticles* Optical Tweezers* Photochemotherapy* Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage Neoplasms/*drug therapy Photosensitizing Agents/*administration & dosage Technology, Pharmaceutical/*methods Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Nanotechnology ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are usually involved in two opposite procedures related to cancer: initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer, as well as in all non-surgical therapeutic approaches for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. This review is concentrated in new therapeutic strategies that take advantage of increased ROS in cancer cells to enhance therapeutic activity and selectivity. Novel biophotonic techniques for manipulation and characterization of drug delivery nanosystems in cancer therapy are discussed, including optical tweezers and

atomic force microscopy. This review highlights how these techniques are playing a critical role in recent and future cancer fighting applications. We can conclude that Biophotonics and nanomedicine are the future for cancer biology and disease management, possessing unique potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis, dosimetry and personalized treatment of biomedical applications targeting cancer. (Copyright 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.) Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) 0 (Drug Carriers) 0 (Photosensitizing Agents) 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20121015 Date Completed: 20121220 Update Code: 20121220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.039 PMID: 22265863 Database: MEDLINE with Full Text
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2. Unsupported off-label chemotherapy in metastatic colon cancer.

Authors: de Souza JA ; Polite B ; Perkins M ; Meropol NJ ; Ratain MJ ; Newcomer LN ; Alexander GC Author Address: Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. jdesouza@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu Source: BMC Health Services Research [BMC Health Serv Res] 2012 Dec 29; Vol. 12, pp. 481. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Dec 29. Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088677 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6963 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726963 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Health Serv Res Subsets: MEDLINE Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001MeSH Terms: Off-Label Use*/economics Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*economics Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use Colonic Neoplasms/*drug therapy Colonic Neoplasms/*pathology Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/economics ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/economics ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents/economics ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives ; Deoxycytidine/economics ; Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use ; Fluorouracil/analogs & derivatives ; Fluorouracil/economics ; Fluorouracil/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Insurance Claim Review ; Middle Aged ; Physician's Practice Patterns ; Retrospective Studies ; United States Abstract: Background: Newer systemic therapies have the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality from metastatic colorectal cancer, yet such therapies are costly and have side effects. Little is known about their non-evidence-based use. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using commercial insurance claims from UnitedHealthcare, and identified incident cases of metastatic colon cancer (mCC) from July 2007 through April 2010. We evaluated the use of three regimens with recommendations against their use in the National Comprehensive Cancer Center Network Guidelines, a commonly used standard of care: 1) bevacizumab beyond

progression; 2) single agent capecitabine as a salvage therapy after failure on a fluoropyridimidine-containing regimen; 3) panitumumab or cetuximab after progression on a prior epidermal growth factor receptor antibody. We performed sensitivity analyses of key assumptions regarding cohort selection. Costs from a payer perspective were estimated using the average sales price for the entire duration and based on the number of claims. Results: A total of 7642 patients with incident colon cancer were identified, of which 1041 (14%) had mCC. Of those, 139 (13%) potentially received at least one of the three unsupported off-label (UOL) therapies; capecitabine was administered to 121 patients and 49 (40%) likely received it outside of clinical guidelines, at an estimated cost of $718,000 for 218 claims. Thirty-eight patients received panitumumab and six patients (16%) received it after being on cetuximab at least two months, at an estimated cost of $69,500 for 19 claims. Bevacizumab was administered to 884 patients. Of those, 90 (10%) patients received it outside of clinical guidelines, at an estimated costs of $1.34 million for 636 claims. Conclusions: In a large privately insured mCC cohort, a substantial number of patients potentially received UOL treatment. The economic costs and treatment toxicities of these therapies warrant increased efforts to stem their use in settings lacking sufficient scientific evidence. Comments: Cites: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2011 Nov;9(11):1238-90. (PMID: 22056656) Cites: Lancet Oncol. 2011 Aug;12(8):730. (PMID: 21928489) Cites: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004 Jan;83(1):25-32. (PMID: 14997052) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2078-83. (PMID: 15169794) Cites: N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 22;351(4):317-9. (PMID: 15269308) Cites: Med Care. 1999 May;37(5):436-44. (PMID: 10335746) Cites: Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 8;166(9):1021-6. (PMID: 16682577) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jul 1;24(19):3206-8. (PMID: 16717290) Cites: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Sep 20;98(18):1335-8. (PMID: 16985253) Cites: JAMA. 2007 Feb 21;297(7):683-4. (PMID: 17312280) Cites: Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Jun;18(5):561-9. (PMID: 17447148) Cites: Lancet Oncol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1102-7. (PMID: 19012859) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Nov 20;26(33):5326-34. (PMID: 18854571) Cites: Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Dec;28(12):1443-52. (PMID: 19025425) Cites: Ann Intern Med. 2009 Mar 3;150(5):336-43. (PMID: 19221366) Cites: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009 Apr;6(4):181. (PMID: 19333219) Cites: Cancer. 2009 May 15;115(10):2081-91. (PMID: 19309745) Cites: JAMA. 2009 Jun 17;301(23):2488-90. (PMID: 19531789) Cites: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2003 Jan;1(1):5-13. (PMID: 19764146) Cites: Oncologist. 2010;15 Suppl 1:24-31. (PMID: 20237214) Cites: Health Serv Res. 2010 Feb;45(1):115-32. (PMID: 19878344) Cites: Ann Oncol. 2010 Sep;21(9):1910-4. (PMID: 20332139) Cites: CA Cancer J Clin. 2011 Mar-Apr;61(2):69-90. (PMID: 21296855) Cites: Semin Oncol. 2011 Apr;38(2):284-308. (PMID: 21421118) Cites: Med Care. 2002 Aug;40(8 Suppl):IV-75-81. (PMID: 12187172) Substance Nomenclature:

0 (Angiogenesis Inhibitors) 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized) 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) 0 (panitumumab) 2S9ZZM9Q9V (bevacizumab) 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) 6804DJ8Z9U (capecitabine) 951-77-9 (Deoxycytidine) PQX0D8J21J (cetuximab) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20130115 Date Completed: 20130612 Latest Revision: 20130711 Update Code: 20130711 PubMed Central ID: PMC3544564 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-481 PMID: 23272659 Database: MEDLINE with Full Text
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3. Dynamics of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells in breast cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Authors: Kuo YH ; Lin CH ; Shau WY ; Chen TJ ; Yang SH ; Huang SM ; Hsu C ; Lu YS ; Cheng AL Author Address: Department of Oncology, Chi-Mei Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. Source: BMC Cancer [BMC Cancer] 2012 Dec 26; Vol. 12, pp. 620. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Dec 26. Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Language: English Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100967800 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2407 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712407 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Cancer Subsets: MEDLINE Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001MeSH Terms: Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy Endothelial Cells/*drug effects Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/*drug effects Stem Cells/*drug effects Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biological Markers/analysis ; Breast Neoplasms/blood ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology ; Stem Cells/cytology Abstract: Background: The abundance of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs), which serve as surrogate markers for angiogenesis, may be affected by chemotherapy. We studied their dynamic change during consecutive cycles of chemotherapy. Methods: We collected blood samples from 15 breast cancer patients, who received a total of 56 courses of systemic chemotherapy, and measured the CECs, viable CECs (VCECs), and CEPs by six-color flow cytometry within the seven days prior to chemotherapy, twice a week during the first and second cycles of chemotherapy, and then once a week during the subsequent cycles. Results: The CEC, V-CEC, and CEP levels all significantly decreased from day 1 of treatment to the first week of chemotherapy. After one week of chemotherapy, the CEC and V-CEC levels returned to a level similar to day 1. The CEP level remained significantly reduced after the first week of chemotherapy, but gradually rebounded until

the next course of chemotherapy. After six cycles of chemotherapy, the total number of CEC and V-CEC cells trended toward a decrease and the CEP cells toward an increase. Clinical factors, including the existence of a tumor, chemotherapy regimens, and the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, did not significantly affect these results. Conclusions: The CEC and CEP counts change dynamically during each course of chemotherapy and after the chemotherapy cycles, providing background data for any future study planning to use CECs and CEPs as surrogate markers of angiogenesis in antiangiogenesis treatments combined with chemotherapy. Comments: Cites: Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1785-7. (PMID: 16990548) Cites: Br J Cancer. 2006 Feb 27;94(4):524-31. (PMID: 16450002) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 20;26(21):3523-9. (PMID: 18640933) Cites: Cancer Cell. 2008 Sep 9;14(3):263-73. (PMID: 18772115) Cites: N Engl J Med. 2007 Dec 27;357(26):2666-76. (PMID: 18160686) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jan 1;26(1):60-5. (PMID: 18165641) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 20;26(30):4899-905. (PMID: 18794539) Cites: J Surg Oncol. 2008 Dec 1;98(7):545-50. (PMID: 18792958) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Nov 20;26(33):5326-34. (PMID: 18854571) Cites: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 1;15(1):267-73. (PMID: 19118054) Cites: Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2009 Mar;76(2):107-17. (PMID: 18727054) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 10;27(8):1227-34. (PMID: 19188680) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 20;27(9):1405-12. (PMID: 19224857) Cites: Neoplasia. 2009 Aug;11(8):771-9. (PMID: 19649207) Cites: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Aug;1796(1):1-4. (PMID: 19703646) Cites: Cancer. 2009 Oct 15;115(20):4849-56. (PMID: 19626652) Cites: Ann Oncol. 2009 Nov;20(11):1842-7. (PMID: 19406901) Cites: Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Dec;41(12):902-6. (PMID: 19501032) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jul 10;28(20):3239-47. (PMID: 20498403) Cites: Lancet Oncol. 2010 Dec;11(12):1172-83. (PMID: 21126687) Cites: J Clin Invest. 2000 Jan;105(1):71-7. (PMID: 10619863) Cites: Thromb Haemost. 2005 Feb;93(2):228-35. (PMID: 15711737) Cites: Nat Med. 1999 Apr;5(4):434-8. (PMID: 10202935) Cites: Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Dec;6(12):4604-6. (PMID: 11156208) Cites: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Oct 4;297(4):1058-61. (PMID: 12359263) Cites: Cancer Lett. 2003 Jul 30;198(1):83-8. (PMID: 12893434) Cites: Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 1;63(15):4342-6. (PMID: 12907602) Cites: Semin Oncol. 2003 Oct;30(5 Suppl 16):117-24. (PMID: 14613032) Cites: Nat Med. 2005 Mar;11(3):261-2. (PMID: 15723071) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3697-705. (PMID: 15738537) Cites: Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 15;65(16):7045-51. (PMID: 16103050) Cites: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Mar 1;98(5):316-25. (PMID: 16507828) Cites: Cancer Res. 2006 Apr 1;66(7):3386-91. (PMID: 16585158) Cites: Blood. 2006 Jul 15;108(2):452-9. (PMID: 16543470) Cites: Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 15;66(14):7341-7. (PMID: 16849585) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Aug 20;24(24):4040; author reply 4040-1. (PMID: 16921064) Cites: Blood. 2001 Jun 1;97(11):3658-61. (PMID: 11369666)

Cites: Ann Oncol. 2004 Jan;15(1):139-45. (PMID: 14679134) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2184-91. (PMID: 15169807) Cites: N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 3;350(23):2335-42. (PMID: 15175435) Cites: Hepatology. 2006 Oct;44(4):836-43. (PMID: 17006919) Cites: Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Nov;6(11):835-45. (PMID: 17036040) Cites: N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 14;355(24):2542-50. (PMID: 17167137) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr 20;25(12):1539-44. (PMID: 17442997) Cites: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Dec;106(3):343-9. (PMID: 17972175) Cites: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Jan;107(1):133-8. (PMID: 18043899) Cites: Blood. 2005 Nov 1;106(9):3058-61. (PMID: 15998832) Cites: Int Immunol. 2006 Jan;18(1):1-9. (PMID: 16352631) Cites: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Apr 20;26(12):2013-9. (PMID: 18421054) Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) 0 (Biological Markers) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20130201 Date Completed: 20130628 Latest Revision: 20130711 Update Code: 20130711 PubMed Central ID: PMC3561193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-620 PMID: 23268621 Database: MEDLINE with Full Text
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4. Does childhood immunization against infectious diseases protect from the development of atopic disease?
Authors: Martignon G ; Oryszczyn MP ; Annesi-Maesano I Author Address: Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases (EPAR) Department, INSERM, INSERM U 472, Villejuif Cedex, France. Source: Pediatric Allergy And Immunology: Official Publication Of The European Society Of Pediatric Allergy And Immunology [Pediatr Allergy Immunol] 2005 May; Vol. 16 (3), pp. 193-200. Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English Journal Info: Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9106718 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0905-6157 (Print) Linking ISSN: 09056157 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Allergy Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2010->: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Original Publication: Copenhagen : Munksgaard, c1990MeSH Terms: Bacterial Infections/*prevention & control Bacterial Vaccines/*administration & dosage Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*epidemiology Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*prevention & control Adolescent ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/prevention & control ; BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Child ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Eczema/epidemiology ; Eczema/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization

; Immunization Programs ; Male ; Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/prevention & control Abstract: The argument of whether early immunization against infections promotes allergy or protects from it is presently under debate. The relationship between childhood immunization and the development of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema) was examined in a population-based sample of 718 adolescents by taking individual data drawn from personal paediatric records on the schedule and the type of vaccination into account. Atopic diseases were determined using a standardized questionnaire. After adjustment for sex, age, father's socioeconomic status and active smoking, adolescents having been vaccinated (n = 694) had a significant lower risk to suffer from asthma or atopic diseases than non-vaccinated adolescents did (n = 24) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.92]. The relationship did not depend on the disease against which the vaccine was used as prophylaxis, the observance of the vaccination schedule or the number of inoculations. A higher protection was observed in the case of live attenuated vaccines (oral poliomyelitis and bacilli Camille-Guerin; OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.83). These results, in agreement with previous ecological data, support the hypothesis that early vaccines could promote Th1 proliferation in response to the infectious agent contained in it, which inhibits the enhancement of atopic manifestations. Further studies are needed to confirm the phenomenon. (Copyright 2005 Blackwell Munksgaard) Comments: Comment in: Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006 May;17(3):234; author reply 235. (PMID: 16672014) Substance Nomenclature: 0 (BCG Vaccine) 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) 0 (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine) 0 (Pertussis Vaccine) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20050427 Date Completed: 20050804 Latest Revision: 20080528 Update Code: 20121129 PMID: 15853947

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5. Nurses' perceptions of nurse-physician relationships: medicalsurgical vs. intensive care.

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Authors: Johnson S ; Kring D Author Address: Coronary Care Unit, Forsyth Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Source: Medsurg Nursing: Official Journal Of The Academy Of Medical-Surgical Nurses [Medsurg Nurs] 2012 Nov-Dec; Vol. 21 (6), pp. 343-7. Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article Language: English Journal Info: Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc. Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9300545 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1092-0811 (Print) Linking ISSN: 10920811 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medsurg Nurs Subsets: Nursing Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Pitman, NJ : Jannetti Publications, Inc., c1992MeSH Terms: Intensive Care Units* Physician-Nurse Relations* Adult ; Clinical Nursing Research ; Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Perioperative Nursing Abstract:

Unlabelled: Effective collaboration between nurses and physicians (RN-MD) is essential in facilitating improved patient care outcomes. A pilot study was conducted among nurses on medical-surgical and intensive care units to identify differences in nurses' perceptions of RN-MD collaborative efforts. Introduction: Collaboration between nurses and physicians is essential in fostering interdisciplinary relationships. Specialty practice may influence the quality of this collaboration. Effective communication and collegial RN-MD relationships are critical to improved patient outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in nurses' perceptions of collaborative efforts between nurses and physicians in medical-surgical (MSUs) units versus intensive care units (ICUs). Results: A descriptive survey methodology was employed. Nurses in three ICUs and eight MSUs within a 975-bed Magnet hospital completed a 25-item Nurse-Physician Relationship survey, used in previous studies on RN-MD communication. The sample (N = 170) consisted of 54% medical-surgical nurses and 46% ICU nurses. No statistically significant differences were found in the demographic variables between the MSU and ICU nurses except for educational degree. A greater percentage of ICU nurses held a bachelor's degree. This study found that although some differences existed in ICU and MSU nurses' perceptions of RN-MD collaboration, there are more similarities between the two areas. Overall, nurses were satisfied with RN-MD relationships, with 75% of ICU and 65% of MSU nurses reporting satisfaction (p = 0.110). MSU nurses were less likely to participate in interdisciplinary rounds than ICU nurses (p < 0.001). ICU nurses were more likely than MSU nurses to report that physicians treat nurses as handmaidens (p = 0.056) and that physicians displayed unprofessional behavior (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Certain nursing specialty areas are not immune to problems with RN-MD relationships. Rather, all clinical service lines should be concerned with fostering collegiality between nurses and their physician partners. Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20130312 Date Completed: 20130411 Update Code: 20130411 PMID: 23477026 Database: MEDLINE with Full Text Full Text Database:

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6.