WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT AND ERGONOMICS

SUZANA WATI BT ADNAN 6 SEPT 2012

SUB TOPIC

HISTORY

WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT
SAFE METHODS

WORKSTATION

ERGONOMIC RISK

HISTORY
Early 1700s, Ramazzinis study of ill-effects of poor posture & poorly designed tools on the health of workers

Greek Words Ergon = work, Nomikos = law Ergonomics Study of Work Laws

THIRD OBJECTIVE OF OSHA 1994

To promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their physiological and psychological needs

WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?

Ergonomics is fitting the job to the person.

SO WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
Modern Definition Science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population

WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
Ergon work Nomos laws of Ergonomics is the laws of work that define the limits to human capability.

WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
Ergonomics is the science of improving employee performance and well-being in relation to the
job tasks, equipment, and the environment.

WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
Ergonomics is
a continuous improvement effort to design the workplace for what people do well, and design against what people dont do well.

APPLYING ERGONOMICS
1.

Study, research, & experimentation

Evaluate human traits/characteristics we need to know for engineering design

2.

Application & engineering

Design tools, machines, shelter, environment, work tasks, and job procedures to fit and accommodate the human

THE BASICS OF ERGONOMICS

ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS

1
2 3 4 5 6 Doing repetitive work Use of excessive force Improper or static body posture Work in long duration Vibration due to hand tools Contact stress on the blood veins, muscles and tendons due to contact stress due to use of hand tools/equipments

WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE

WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE

WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS)

A situation arising by excessive use resulting in wear and tear to muscles, tendons, joints and surrounding tissues

In the long term, may result in incapability to use the related body part

JOB ANALYSIS
Determination of measurement criteria and work target Compilation of history of targeted job task Identification of ergonomic risk factors Discovery of preventive measures Selection of preventive measures Implementation of preventive measures Monitoring of preventive measures

CHARACTERISTICS OF SITTING WORKS

High body stability

Use of exact and sensitive foot control

Precise hand movements

CHARACTERISTICS OF SITTING WORKS

All work components and equipments within seating range Handling of heavy loads Static posture for long durations

CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDING WORKS

Frequent handling of heavy loads Frequent stretching and movements that require use of energy Work mobility frequent forceful exertion that requires high energy

CHARACTERISTICS OF SIT/STAND WORKS

Provision of high chairs as the worker is required to alternate sitting and standing and change of postures

Mobility of the chair Provision of footrest to reduce swelling and fatigue of the leg and foot

DETERMINATION OF WORKING HEIGHT

NORMAL AND MAXIMUM RANGE