CH 2 Operation Sense

Al Waha International Schools Mathematics Department
Operation Sense
Chapter 2
Name : .......................
Name
LESSON 2.1
Algebra: Use Expressions

Writing numerical expressions and algebraic expressions requires translating words into numbers and symbols. You can do this by looking for key words.
Addition sum increase more than plus Subtraction difference decrease less than minus Multiplication product factors times multiplied by Division quotient equally divided divided by
Write a numerical expression for nine increased by seven squared. nine increased by seven squared 72
A numerical expression 28 numbers. contains only 9
Regroup
Write an algebraic expression for nine increased by a number, n. nine increased by a number, n
Regroup An algebraic expression contains a variable. 28
Identify each as a numerical expression or algebraic expression. Explain your answer.

1.
means 4 times b
4b
36
2.
9d
3.
24 12
Write a numerical or algebraic expression for the word expression. Remember to look for key words.
4.
twenty-four less than a number, k
5.
twelve increased by seventeen
6.
the product of seven and twenty
7.
thirty-eight divided by a number, m
1 of 9.
Name
LESSON 2.1
Use Expressions
Vocabulary
Write the correct letter from Column 2.
Column 1
1.
Column 2
a. b.
a mathematical phrase that includes only numbers and operation symbols an expression that includes a variable
numerical expression variable algebraic expression
2. 3.
c.
a letter or symbol that stands for one or more numbers
Write a numerical or algebraic expression for the word expression.

4.
seven less than eleven
5.
six more than a number, x
6.
8 multiplied by m
7.
84 divided by 8
Evaluate each expression.

8.
19 48
9.
63b, for b 15
10.
w 178, for w 226
11.
a b, for a 253 and b 11
12.
h k 84, for h 46 and k 73
13.
r(s), for r 109 and s 33
Mixed Review
Multiply or divide.
14.
18 1,8 5 4
15.
631 55
16.
490 117
17.
54 11 ,9 8 8
18.
Use the table at the right. If the pattern continues, how many laps in all will 8 swimmers swim on the fourth day?
Each Swimmers Training Schedule

Day Laps 1 6 2 8 3 10 4
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Name
LESSON 2.2
Algebra: Mental Math and Equations

You can use the number facts you know to help solve equations. Remember, you can use fact families to find missing numbers. Solve the equation 8 x 12 by using Solve the equation m 9 8 by using mental math. mental math. Related fact: 12 8 4 So, 8 4 12. 8 x 12 x4 The solution is 4. Check to be sure your answer is correct. 8 4 12 Replace x with 4. 12 12 8 4 is equal to 12. Solve the equation y 7 35 by using mental math. Related fact: 35 7 5 So, 5 7 35. y 7 35 y5 The solution is 5. Check to be sure your answer is correct. 5 7 35 Replace y with 5. 35 35 5 7 is equal to 35. Related fact: 9 8 17. So, 17 9 8. m98 m 17 The solution is 17. Check to be sure your answer is correct. 17 9 8 Replace m with 17. 88 17 9 is equal to 8. Solve the equation d 6 8 by using mental math. Related fact: 8 6 48 So, 48 6 8. d68 d 48 The solution is 48. Check to be sure your answer is correct. 48 6 8 Replace d with 48. 88 48 6 is equal to 8.
Solve each equation by using mental math.

1.
a59 Related fact: 95 The solution is
2.
k 5 5
3.
Related fact: 55 The solution is

5.
3r 18 Related fact: 18 3 The solution is
4.
10 f 15
n 12 3
6.
8s 64
7.
w 20 10
8.
n 9 81
9.
x 9 16
10.
m 10 10
11
g 30 6
12.
16 c 100
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Name
LESSON 2.2
Mental Math and Equations

Determine which of the given values is a solution of the equation.
1.
4d 28; d 7, 8, or 9
2.
50 t 28; t 20, 21, or 22
3.
42 n 6; n 5, 6, or 7
4.
72 v 85; v 12, 13, or 14
5.
m 7 18; m 9, 10, or 11
6.
s 17 10; s 26, 27, or 28
7.
c 8 3; c 22, 23, or 24
8.
155 5k; k 30, 31, or 32
9.
8 25 x; x 17, 18, or 19
Solve each equation by using mental math.

10.
e 6 20
11.
x 2 10
12.
6 h 300
13.
s 18 40
14.
92 b 7
15.
90 t 15
16.
m 150 420
17.
8 n 72
18.
f 6 98
19.
c 4 40
20.
63 d 7
21.
k 28 32
22.
9x 180
23.
6 v 58
24.
w 9 12
25.
p 62 100
Mixed Review
Find the sum or difference. Estimate to check.
26.
390 789
27.
9,056 1,732
28.
1,978 693
29.
47,813 9,507
30.
73,681 50,342
Evaluate each expression.

31.
n 701, for n 510
32.
50p, for p 53
33.
r s, for r 12 and s 30
34.
h g, for h 65 and g 41
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Name
LESSON 2.3 , 2.4
Use the Properties

One way to find a sum or product mentally is to use a number property.
Commutative Property Numbers can be added in any order without changing the sum. 45 29 55 29 45 55 Order has been changed. Numbers can be multiplied in any order without changing the product. 5 13 8 5 8 13 Order has been changed. Distributive Property 25 23 25 (20 3) (25 20) (25 3) Product of a number and a sum Associative Property Addends can be grouped differently. The sum is always the same. (45 29) 55 29 (45 55) Grouping has been changed. Factors can be grouped differently. The product is always the same. (5 13) 8 5 (8 13) Grouping has been changed.
Sum of two products
1.
Complete to show how to find the sum. Name the reason for each step. 19 45 21 5 19 ( ) ( 5 ) Commutative Property
Add. Use mental math.

2.
16 9 24
3.
33 26 17 44
4.
21 14 29 36
Complete to show how to use the Distributive Property to find each product.
5.
8 14 8 ( (8
4) ) (8 )
6.
9 34 9 (30 (9
) )
) (9
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Name
LESSON 2.5
Exponents
Powers of numbers can be written in exponent form. An exponent shows how many times a number called the base is used as a factor. exponent 105 10 10 10 10 10 100,000 base factors 10 used as a factor 5 times exponent 26 2 2 2 2 2 2 64 base factors 2 used as a factor 6 times
Joan is asked to express 64 using an exponent and the base 4. Step 1 The base is 4. So, Joan must find equal factors. 88 64 4 2 2 4 64 4 4 4 64 Step 2 Joan writes the base. Then she counts how many times it is used as a factor. 43 used as a factor 3 times base So, 64 43.
Write in exponent form.

1. 3.
444 10 10 10 10 10 10
2. 4.
kkkkk 30 30 30 30
Express with an exponent and the base given.

5.
36, base 6
6.
32, base 2
7.
81, base 3
8.
625, base 5
9.
343, base 7
10.
128, base 2
11.
512, base 8
12.
1,000,000, base 10
13.
121, base 11
6 of 9.
Name
LESSON 2.5
Exponents
Write the equal factors. Then find the value.
2.
34
2.
54
3.
105
4.
182
5.
26
6.
151
7.
43

8.
111
9.
nnnn
10.
66666
11.
10 10 10 10
12.
yy
13.
444444
Express with an exponent and the given base.

14.
125, base 5
15.
256, base 4
16.
729, base 9
17.
64, base 2
18.
81, base 3
19.
1,000,000, base 10
Mixed Review
Use mental math to find the value.
20.
65 27
21.
20 14 5
22.
(9 4) (9 6)
23.
84 45
24.
3333
25. 72
7 of 9.
Name
LESSON 2.6
Algebra: Order of Operations

When an expression involves more than one operation, you use the order of operations to evaluate it. Operate inside parentheses. 2. Clear exponents. 3. Multiply and divide from left to right. 4. Add and subtract from left to right.
1.
What is the value of 2 3 (6 2) 2? Step 1 Simplify inside parentheses. Step 2 There are no exponents. Step 3 Multiply and divide in order from left to right. Step 4 Add and subtract in order from left to right. 2 3 (6 2) 2 23 4 2 6 8 2
Evaluate the expression.

1.
5473
2.
28 4 (4 3) 28 4
54 22 16 8 16 8 8
(6 4)2 8 ( )2 8 8 A 1 B 5
3.
4.
Find the value of each expression. From the box at the right, choose the letter that corresponds to the value.
5. 7. 9.
C 7 D 10 E 16 F 18 G 20 H 32
(5 6) (4 2) 3 1 (18 9) 2 5 (4 3)
2 2
6. 8. 10.
10 15 9 2 (4 8) 3 6 10 42633
2
8 of 9.
Name
LESSON 2.6
Order of Operations
Give the correct order of operations.
1.
100 62 9
2.
(52 49)2 9
3.
(52 1) 2
4.
(9 2) (16 12)2
Evaluate the expression.

5.
27 3 1
6.
(6 8) (9 8)
7.
(6 72) 5 2
8.
(12 2)3 (23 13)
9.
(15 5)2 (4 3)
10.
(57 3) 24
11.
(19 9) (23 1) 20
12.
(3 72) (53 92) 102
13.
3 (102 65) (52 2)
Evaluate the expression for s 5 and t 12.

14.
50 s 7
15.
s2 150
16.
2 t 18
17. t2 3 8
18.
15 t 6
19.
27 9 s
Mixed Review
Use mental math to find the value.
20.
12 7
21.
37 62
22.
434 7
23.
1,731 605

24.
8888
25.
66666
26.
nnnnn
9 of 9.

CH 2 Operation Sense

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Al Waha International Schools Mathematics Department

Algebra: Use Expressions

A numerical expression 28 numbers. contains only 9

Regroup An algebraic expression contains a variable. 28

Identify each as a numerical expression or algebraic expression. Explain your answer.

twenty-four less than a number, k

twelve increased by seventeen

the product of seven and twenty

thirty-eight divided by a number, m

numerical expression variable algebraic expression

a letter or symbol that stands for one or more numbers

Write a numerical or algebraic expression for the word expression.

seven less than eleven

six more than a number, x

Evaluate each expression.

w 178, for w 226

a b, for a 253 and b 11

h k 84, for h 46 and k 73

r(s), for r 109 and s 33

Each Swimmers Training Schedule

Algebra: Mental Math and Equations

Solve each equation by using mental math.

a59 Related fact: 95 The solution is

Related fact: 55 The solution is

3r 18 Related fact: 18 3 The solution is

Mental Math and Equations

50 t 28; t 20, 21, or 22

72 v 85; v 12, 13, or 14

s 17 10; s 26, 27, or 28

155 5k; k 30, 31, or 32

Solve each equation by using mental math.

Evaluate each expression.

n 701, for n 510

LESSON 2.3 , 2.4

Use the Properties

Sum of two products

Add. Use mental math.

Write in exponent form.

Express with an exponent and the base given.

Write in exponent form.

Express with an exponent and the given base.

Algebra: Order of Operations

Evaluate the expression.

Evaluate the expression.

(12 2)3 (23 13)

(3 72) (53 92) 102

3 (102 65) (52 2)

Evaluate the expression for s 5 and t 12.

Write in exponent form.

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