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Group 3 (3rd Reporter): Jacinth Villanueva John Barry Ibaez Ace Gerald Jupakkal John Alfred Lugo Kate Jasmin Alquizar Judea Marie Egay Janne Gayle Leonero Jireh Rodriguez
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
a method of inquiry employed in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior
The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often used than large samples. In the conventional view, qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only propositions (informed assertions). Quantitative methods can then be used to seek empirical support for such research hypotheses. Qualitative researchers face many choices related to data collection ranging from grounded theory practice, narratology, storytelling, classical ethnography, or shadowing. Qualitative methods are also loosely present in other methodological approaches, such as action research or actor-network theory. The most common method is the qualitative research interview, but forms of the data collected can also include group discussions, observation and reflection field notes, various texts, pictures, and other materials. Qualitative researchers typically rely on the following methods for gathering information: Participant Observation Non-Participant Observation Field Notes Reflexive Journals Structured Interview Semi-Structured Interview Unstructured Interview Analysis of Documents and Materials
Participant Observation - A strategy of reflexive learning, not a single method of observing - Researchers typically become members of a culture, group, or setting, and adopt roles to conform to that setting. In doing so, the aim is for the researcher to gain a closer insight into the culture's practices, motivations and emotions. It is argued that the researchers' ability to understand the experiences of the culture may be inhibited if they observe without participating The data that is obtained is streamlined to a definite theme or pattern. This is further worked on and alternative research hypothesis is generated which finally provides the basis of the research statement. Qualitative Research is the method of inquiry that seeks to understand social phenomena within the context of the participants perspectives and experiences. The research methods are more flexible, responsive, and open to contextual interpretation than in quantitative research, which uses inventory, questionnaire, or numerical data to draw conclusions.
One traditional and specialized form of qualitative research is called cognitive testing or pilot testing which is used in the development of quantitative survey items. Survey items are piloted on study participants to test the reliability and validity of items.
interviewing. In ethnographic research, the participants are full collaborators. They are included in negotiating the content and direction of the research. In addition, when it comes to analyzing, interpreting and reporting the data from the research, the participants must be included as well. This can be a cyclical process, with the researcher disseminating findings, gathering feedback and rewriting the research until all parties are satisfied with and can relate to the final research document. Ethnographic research requires certain things from the researcher. He or she needs to: 1. 2. 3. 4. engage with participants in a social situation, by living among them. acquire the language of those who are being studied. observe from within, and conduct unstructured interviews. make a record of events and analyze them.
It is important to understand the ambiguity and fluidity of the researchers role as someone operating within the group that is being studied. When conducting ethnographic research, it is important to be critical. This means you must: 1. Be aware of the fluidity and ambiguity of your role. This impacts upon the data you collect. 2. Be aware that you are biased. This bias can manifest itself in guiding the direction of the research, influencing how your participants react to you and what information they give you, and determining how you choose to interpret the data you have collected. 3. Reflect upon the research process. This means you have to think about what you have done, why you have done it, and what conclusions you have come to. It requires you to be aware of yourself as a researcher and as an individual with biases.