Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
biodiversity (Part 1)
Jan Douwe van der Ploeg
Rural Sociology
Agricultural
entrepreneurs
Peasants
Farming Styles
Tres (o cuatro) niveles de
definición Agricultural
entrepreneurs
1) Repertorio cultural
2) Prácticas específicas
3) Relaciones específicas
4) Respuesta política
Peasants
Umbria, the green heart of Italy
Monte Subasio
Grazing herd of Chianina cattle
Economic impact of high quality food production
(∆ NVA; EU-7, 1998 data)
HQ
€2.3 billion Total additional NVA
€ 5.2 billion
Territorial Co-
operative
40,000 hectares
850 members
North East of
Friesland
Historical continuity
1850 1990
Elevated cost levels
Typical hedgerow
Maintenance of the
landscape:
Increasing
biodiversity
Additional income
flow:€4 million/year
Finetuning of the processes of production: strong
decrease of N-emissions
Food-web: the
invisible part of
biodiversity
Interacting with the surrounding ‘regime’
Adapted Technology: illegal
The construction of quality
Outdoor grazing
Fresh grass
Strengthened
rural economy
Increased quality
of the landscape
Improved quality of natural resources
New research: Interaction and optimalization
Landscape
Production
New research: Repeated Pareto
Optimalization 70
60
50
Nature value
40 100
1000
30 12000
20
10
0
1500 2000 2500 3000
Profit (eur/ha)
New research: Improving connectivity
New policy approach: Strategic niche management
institutional multi-actor
space analysis multi-level
“world” multi-aspect
evolving
Institutionalization of practices
landscape 3 3 = transition
2 2 = system
innovation
patchwork & regime
of regimes shift
1 = no break
1 through of
novelties