Electrical Interview questions Electrical interview question: What is electric traction?

Answer: Traction means using the electric power for traction system i.e. for railways, trams, trolleys etc. electric traction means use of the electricity for all these. Now a day, magnetic traction is also used for ullet trains. !asically dc motors are used for electric traction systems.

Electrical interview question: "ow can you start#up the $%w tu e lite with &'%v ()*+) without using any cho,e*)oil? Answer: It-s possi le y means of Electronic cho,e. otherwise it-s not possi le to ioni.e the particles in tu e. light, with normal voltage.

Electrical interview question: What is /pu/ in electrical engineering? Answer: 0u stands for per unit and this will e used in power system single line diagram there it is li,e a huge electrical circuit with no of components 1generators, transformers, loads2 with different ratings 1in 34( and 542. To ring all the ratings into common platform we use pu concept in which, in general largest 34( and 54 ratings of the component is considered as ase values, then all other component ratings will get ac, into this asis. Those values are called as pu values. 1p.u6actual value* ase value2.

Electrical interview question:7peration carried out in Thermal power station? Answer:The water is o tained in the oiler and the coal is urnt so that steam is o tained this steam is allowed to hit the tur ine , the tur ine which is coupled with the generator generates the electricity

Electrical interview question:Why lin, is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit? Answer:8in, is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various connection are ta,en for the individual control circuit and so it is given in a lin, form to withstand high (mps. !ut in the case of 9use in the 0hase of () circuit it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit 1i.e load2 only.:o if any

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malfunction happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will low off.

Electrical interview question: what is the diff. twn. electronic regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for fans? Answer:The difference etween the electronic and ordinary regulator is that in electronic reg. power losses are less ecause as we decrease the speed the electronic reg. give the power needed for that particular speed ut in case of ordinary rheostat type reg. the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved.In electronic regulator triac is employed for speed control. y varying the firing angle speed is controlled ut in rheostatic control resistance is decreased y steps to achievespeed control.

Electrical interview question:"ow tu e light circuit is connected and how it wor,s? Answer:( cho,e is connected in one end of the tu e light and a starter is in series with the circuit. When supply is provided ,the starter will interrupt the supply cycle of (). +ue to the sudden change of supply the choc, will generate around ;%%%volts . This volt will capa le of to rea, the electrons inside the tu e to ma,e electron flow. once the current passes through the tu e the starter circuit will e out of part. now there is no change of supply causes cho,e voltage normali.ed and act as minimi.e the current.

Electrical interview question:whats is 3(<= )I<)>IT? Answer:It is used with generators for charging a num er of capacitor in parallel and discharging them in series.It is used when voltage required for testing is higher than the availa le.

Electrical interview question:What is encoder, how it function? Answer:(n encoder is a device used to change a signal 1such as a itstream2 or data into a code. The code may serve any of a num er of purposes such as compressing information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or translating from one code to another. This is usually done y means of a programmed algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry. www.Technicalsymposium.com

Electrical interview question:What are the advantages of speed controlusing thyristor? Answer:(dvantages :;. 9ast :witching )haracterstics than 3osfet, !?T, I@!T &. 8ow cost '. "igher (ccurate.

Electrical interview question:Why "uman ody feel Electric shoc, ?? n in an Electric train during running , We did nt feel any :hoc, ? why? Answer:>nfortunately our ody is a pretty good conductor of electricity, The golden rule is )urrent ta,es the lowest resistant path if you have insulation to our feet as the circuit is not complete 1wearing ru er footwear which doing some repairs is advisa le as our footwear is a high resistance path not much current flows through our ody2.The electric train is well insulated from its electrical system.

Electrical interview question:what is the principle of motor? Answer:Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movemnt is called as torque.

Electrical interview question:why, when irds sit on transmission lines or current wires doesn-t get shoc,? Answer:Its true that if irds touch the single one line 1phase or neutral2 they don-t get electrical shoc,... if irds touch & lines than the circuit is closed and they get electrical shoc,.. so if a human touch single one line1phase2 then he doesn-t get shoc, if he is in the air 1not touching # standing on the ground if he is standing on the ground then touching the line 1phase2 he will get a shoc, ecause the ground on what we standing is li,e line 1ground ed # li,e neutral2 and in the most of electric lines the neutral is grounded..so that means that human who touch the line closes the circuit etween phase and neutral.

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Electrical interview question:what is meant y armature reaction? Answer:The effect of armature flu to main fluA is called armature reaction. The armature fluA may support main fluA or opposes main fluA.

Electrical interview question:what happen if we give &&% volts dc supply to d ul r tu e light? Answer:!ul s BdevicesC for () are designed to operate such that it offers high impedance to () supply. Normally they have low resistance. When +) supply is applied, due to low resistance, the current through lamp would e so high that it may damage the ul element.

Electrical interview question:Which motor has high :tarting Torque and :taring current +) motor, Induction motor or :ynchronous motor? Answer:+) :eries motor has high starting torque. We can not start the Induction motor and :ynchronous motors on load, ut can not start the +) series motor without load.

Electrical interview question:what is ():< ca le and where we use it?

Answer:():< means (luminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in transmission D distri ution.

Electrical interview question:What is vaccum currcuit rea,er.define with cause and where e use it +evice? Answer:( rea,er is normally used to rea, a ciruit. while rea,ing the circuit, the contact terminals will e separated. (t the time of seperation an air gap is formed in etween the terminals. +ue to eAisting current flow the air in the gap is ionised and results in the arc. various mediums are used to quench this arc in respective )!-s. ut in 4)! the medium is vaccum gas. since the air in the )! is having vaccum pressure the arc formation is interrupted. 4)!-s can e used upto ;;,v.

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Electrical interview question:What will happen when power factor is leading in distri ution of power? Answer:If their is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one: ;.losses in form of heat will e reduced, &.ca le ecomes less ul,y and easy to carry, and very cheap to afford, D '. it also reduces over heating of tranformers.

Electrical interview question:whats the one main difference etween >0: D inverter ? (nd electrical engineering D electronics engineering ? Answer:uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups 4( it gives ac,up. ups is also two types : on line and offline . online ups having high volt and amp for long time ac,up with with high dc voltage. ut ups start with ;&v dc with E amp. ut inverter is startwith ;&v,&$,dc to 'Fv dc and ;&%amp to ;G%amp attery with long time ac,up.

Electrical interview question:What is & phase motor? Answer:( two phase motor is a motor with the the starting winding and the running winding have a phase split. e.gHac servo motor.where the auAiliary winding and the control winding have a phase split of I% degree.

Electrical interview question:(dvantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives for E7T cranes? Answer:;.smooth start and stop. &.no Jer,ing of load. '.eAact posiitoning www.Technicalsymposium.com

$. etter protection for motor. K.high*low speed selection. F.relia ility of rea, shoe. E.programma le rea, control. G.easy circutry I.reduction in controls ;%.increases motor life

Electrical interview question:What is the significance of vector grouping in 0ower Transformers? Answer:Every power transformer has a vector group listed y its manufacturer. 9undamentally it tells you the information a out how the windings are connected 1delta or wye2 and the phace difference etweent the current and voltage. E@. +LN;; means +elta primary, Wye :econdry and the current is at ;; o cloc, reffered to the voltage.

Electrical interview question:Which type of (.) motor is used in the fan 1ceiling fan, eAhaust fan, padestal fan, rac,et fan etc2 which are find in the houses ? Answer:Its :ingle 0hase induction motor which mostly squirrel cage rotor and are capacitor start capacitor run.

Electrical interview question:@ive two asic speed control scheme of +) shunt motor? Answer:;. !y using fluA control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field winding to control the field current.so y changing the current the fluA produced y the field winding can e changed, and since speed is inversely proportional to fluA speed can e controlled &.armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across armature winding y varying the resistance the value of resistive drop1Ia<a2can e varied,and since speed is directly proportional to E #Ia<a the speed can e controlled.

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Electrical interview question:what is the principle of motor? Answer:Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movement is called as torque.

Electrical interview question:what is meant y armature reaction? Answer:The effect of armature flu to main fluA is called armature reaction. The armature fluA may support main fluA or opposes main fluA.

Electrical interview question:@ive two asic speed control scheme of +) shunt motor? Answer:;. !y using fluA control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field winding to control the field current.so y changing the current the fluA produced y the field winding can e changed, and since speed is inversely proportional to fluA speed can e controlled &.armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across armature wdg. y varying the resistance the value of resistive drop1Ia<a2can e varied,and since speed is directly proportional to E #Ia<a the speed can e controlled.

Electrical interview question:what is the difference etween synchronous generator D asynchronous generator? Answer:In simple, synchronous generator supply-s oth active and reactive power ut asynchronous generator1induction generator2 supply-s only active power and o serve reactive power for magneti.ing.This type of generators are used in windmills.

Electrical interview question:What is the 0olari.ation indeA value ? 1pi value2and simple definition of polari.ation indeA ? Answer:Its ratio etween insulation resistance1I<2i.e meggar value for ;%min to insulation resistance for ; min. It ranges from K#E for new motors D normally for motor to e in good condition it should e @reater than &.K .

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Electrical interview question:Why syn. generators r used for the production of electricity? Answer:synchronous machines have capa ility to wor, on different power factor1or say different imaginary power varying the field emf. "ence syn. generators r used for the production of electricity.

Electrical interview question:What is the difference etween synchronous generator D asynchronous generator? Answer:In simple, synchronous generator supply-s oth active and reactive power ut asynchronous generator1induction generator2 supply-s only active power and o serve reactive power for magneti.ing.This type of generators are used in windmills.

Electrical interview question:; ton is equal to how many watts? Answer:; ton 6 ;&%%% !T>*hr and to convert !T>*hr to horsepower, ;&,%%% M %.%%%'I&I 6 $.E;K hp therefore ; ton 6 $.E;KM.E$F 6 '.K 5W.

Electrical interview question:why syn. generators r used for the production of electricity? Answer:synchronous machines have capa ility to wor, on differentpower factor1or say different imaginary pow varying the field emf. "ence syn. generators r used for the production of electricity.

Electrical interview question:Enlist types of dc generator? Answer:+.).@enerators are classified into two types ;2separatly eAicted d.c.generator &2self eAicted d.c.generator, which is further classified intoH;2series &2shunt and '2compound1which is further classified into cumulative and differential2.

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Electrical interview question:What is (utomatic 4oltageregulator1(4<2? Answer:(4< is an a reviation for (utomatic 4oltage <egulator.It is important part in :ynchronous @enerators, it controls theoutput voltage of the generator y controlling its eAcitation current. Thus it can control the output <eactive 0ower of the @enerator.

Electrical interview question:What is an eAciter and how does it wor,?

Answer:There are two types of eAciters, static eAciter and rotory eAciter.purpose of eAcitor is to supply the eAcitation dc voltage to the fiAed poles of generator.<otory eAcitor is an additional small generator mounted on the shaft of main generator. if it is dc generator, it will supply dc to the rotory poles through slip ring and rushes1 conventional alternator2. if it is an ac eAcitor, out put of ac eAcitor is rectified y rotating diodes and supply dc to main fiAed poles.ac eAcitor is the ac generator whose field winding are stationary and armature rotates. initialvoltage is uilt up y residual magnetism.It gives the starting torque to the generator.

Electrical interview question:+ifference etween a four point starter and three point starter? Answer:The shunt connection in four point stater is provided separately form the line where as in three point stater it is connected with line which is the draw ac, in three point stater

Electrical interview question:Why use the 4)! at "igh Transmission :ystem ? Why can-t use ()!? Answer:(ctually the thing is vacuum has high arc queching property compare to air ecause in 4)! ,the die electric strengths equal to G times of air . That y always vaccum used as in"T rea,er and air used as in 8T .

Electrical interview question:What is the difference etween surge arrestor and lightning arrestor?

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Answer:8( is installed outside and the effect of lightning is grounded,where as surge arrestor installed inside panels comprising of resistors which consumes the energy and nullify the effect of surge.

Electrical interview question:What happens if i connect a capacitor to a generator load? Answer:)onnecting a capacitor across a generator always improves powerfactor, ut it will help depends up on the engine capacity of the alternator,other wise the alternator will e over loaded due to the eAtra watts consumed due to the improvement on pf. :econdly, don-t connect a capacitor across an alternator while it is pic,ing up or without any other load.

Electrical interview question:Why the capacitors wor,s on ac only? Answer:@enerally capacitor gives infinite resistance to dc components1i.e., loc, the dc components2. it allows the ac components to pass through.

Electrical interview question:EAplain the wor,ing principal of the circuit rea,er? Answer:)ircuit !rea,er is one which ma,es or rea,s the circuit.It has two contacts namely fiAed contact D moving contact.under normal condition the moving contact comes in contact with fiAed contact there y forming the closed contact for the flow of current. +uring a normal D faulty conditions1when current eAceeds the rated value2 an arc is produced etween the fiAed D moving contacts D there y it forms the open circuit(rc is eAtinguished y the (rc Nuenching media li,e air, oil, vaccum etc.

Electrical interview question:"ow many types of colling system it transformers? Answer:;. 7N(N 1oil natural,air natural2 &. 7N(9 1oil natural,air forced2 '. 79(9 1oil forced,air forced2

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$. 7+W9 1oil direct,water forced2 B4;C K. 79(N 1oil forced,air forced2

Electrical interview question:What is the function of anti#pumping in circuit rea,er? Answer:when rea,er is close at one time y close push utton,the anti pumping contactor prevent re close the rea,er y close push utton after if it already close.

Electrical interview question:what is stepper motor.what is its uses? Answer::tepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon input pulse applied to it. it is one type of synchronous motor which runs in steps in either direction instead of running in complete cycle.so, in automation parts it is used.

Electrical interview question:how to calculate capacitor an, value to maintain unity power factor with some suita le eAample? Answer:54(<6 5W1T(N1)7:1#;2Oe2# T(N1)7:1#;2Od2 2 Oe6 E=I:TIN@ 0.9. Od6 +E:I<E+ 0.9.

Electrical interview question:Tell me in detail a out c.t. and p.t. ?1)ompany:reliance2 Answer:The term ).T means current transformer,and the term 0.T means potential transformer.In circuit where measurements of high voltage and high current is involved they are used there.0articularly when a measuring device li,e voltmeter or ammeter is not a le to measure such high value of quantity ecause of large value of torque due to such high value it can damage the measuring device.so, )T and 0T are introduced in the circuits. They wor, on the same principle of transformer, which is ased on lin,age of electromagneticfluA produced y primary with secondary.They wor, on the ratio to they are designed.E.g if )Tis of ratio K%%%PK( and it has to measure secondary current of G%%%(.then (N:6G%%%MKPK%%%6G(and this result will e given to ammeter .and after measuring G( we can calculate the primary current.same is

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the operation of 0T ut measuring voltage.

Electrical interview question:There are a Transformer and an induction machine. Those two have the same supply. 9or which device the load current will e maAimum? (nd why? Answer:The motor has maA load current compare to that of transformer ecause the motor consumes real power.. and the transformer is only producing the wor,ing fluA and its not consuming.. hence the load current in the transformer is ecause of core loss so it is minimum.

Electrical interview question:what is power factor? whether it should e high or low? why? Answer:0ower factor should e high in order to get smooth operation of the system.8ow power factor means losses will e more.it is the ratio of true power to apperent power. it has to e ideally ;. if it is too low then ca le over heating D equipment overloading will occur. if it is greater than ; then load will act as capacitor and starts feeding the source and will cause tripping.1if pf is poor eA: %.;E to meet actual power load has to draw more current14 constant2,result in more lossesif pf is good eA: %.IK to meet actual power load has to draw less current14 constant2,result in less losses2.

Electrical interview question:What is the difference etween Isolator and )ircuit !rea,er? Answer:Isolator is a off load device which is used for isolating the downstream circuits from upstream circuits for the reason of any maintenance on downstream circuits. it is manually operated and does not contain any solenoid unli,e circuit rea,er. it should not e operated while it is having load. first the load on it must e made .ero and then it can safely operated. its specification only rated current is given.!ut circuit rea,er is onload automatic device used for rea,ing the circuit in case of a normal conditions li,e short circuit, overload etc., it is having three specification ; is rated current and & is short circuit rea,ing capacity and ' is instantaneous tripping current.

Electrical interview question:what is ouchol. relay and the significance of it in to the transformer? www.Technicalsymposium.com

Answer:!ouchol. relay is a device which is used for the protection of transformer from its internal faults, it is a gas ased relay. whenever any internal fault occurs in a transformer, the ouchol. relay at once gives a horn for some time, if the transformer is isolated from the circuit then it stop its sound itself other wise it trips the circuit y its own tripping mechanism.

Electrical interview question:What is :9F )ircuit !rea,er? Answer::9F is :ulpher heAa 9louride gas.. if this gas is used as arc quenching medium in a )ircuit rea,er means :9F )!.

Electrical interview question:what is ferrantic effect? Answer:7utput voltage is greater than the input voltage or receiving end voltage is greater than the sending end voltage. The Ferranti effect is a rise in voltage occurring at the receiving end of a long transmission line, relative to the voltage at the sending end, which occurs when the line is energi.ed ut there is a very light load or the load is disconnected. This effect is due to the voltage drop across the line inductance 1due to charging current2 eing in phase with the sending end voltages. Therefore oth capacitance and inductance are responsi le for producing this phenomenon.B;C The 9erranti Effect will e more pronounced the longer the line and the higher the voltage applied.B&C The relative voltage rise is proportional to the square of the line length.B'C +ue to high capacitance, the 9erranti effect is much more pronounced in underground ca les, even in short lengths.

Electrical interview question: what is meant y insulation voltage in ca les? eAplain it? Answer:It is the property of a ca le y virtue of it can withstand the applied voltage without rupturing it is ,nown as insulation level of the ca le.

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Electrical interview question: Why we do & types of earthing on transformer 1ie:2 ody earthing D neutral earthing , what is function. i am going to install a Koo ,va transformer D 'G% ,va +@ set what should the earthing value? Answer:The two types of earthing are 9amiliar as Equipment earthing and system earthing. In Equipment earthing: ody 1 non conducting part2of the equipment shouldd e earthed to safegaurd the human eings.system Earthing : In this neutral of the supply source 1 Transformer or @enerator2 should e grounded. With this,in case of un alanced loading neutral will not e shifted.so that un alanced voltages will not arise. We can protect the equipment also. With si.e of the equipment1 transformer or alternator2and selection of relying system earthing will e further classified into directly earthed,Impedance earthing, resistive 1N@<s2 earthing.

Electrical interview question:What is the difference etween 3)! D 3))!, Where it can e used? Answer:3)! is miniature circuit rea,er which is thermal operated and use for short circuit protection in small current rating circuit. 3))! moulded case circuit rea,er and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under frequency may e in uilt. Normally it is used where normal current is more than ;%%(.

Electrical interview question:Where should the lighting arrestor e placed in distri ution lines? Answer:Near distri ution transformers and out going feeders of ;;,v and incomming feeder of '',v and near power transformers in su #stations.

Electrical interview question:+efine I+3T relay? Answer:It is an inverse definite minimum time relay.In I+3T relay its operating is inversely proportional and also a characteristic of minimum time after which this relay operates.It is inverse in the sense ,the tripping time will decrease as the magnitude of fault current increase.

Electrical interview question:What are the transformer losses?

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Answer:T<(N:97<3E< 87::E: # Transformer losses have two sources#copper loss and magnetic loss. )opper losses are caused y the resistance of the wire 1I&<2. 3agnetic losses are caused y eddy currents and hysteresis in the core. )opper loss is a constant after the coil has een wound and therefore a measura le loss. "ysteresis loss is constant for a particular voltage and current. Eddy#current loss, however, is different for each frequency passed through the transformer.

Electrical interview question:What is meant y regenerative ra,ing? Answer:When the supply is cutt off for a running motor, it still continue running due to inertia. In order to stop it quic,ly we place a load1resitor2 across the armature winding and the motor should have maintained continuous field supply. so that ac, e.m.f voltage is made to applyacross the resistor and due to load the motor stops quic,ly.This type of rea,ing is called as /<egenerative !rea,ing/.

Electrical interview question:Why is the starting current high in a +) motor? Answer:In +) motors, 4oltage equation is 46E #Ia<a 14 6 Terminal voltage,E 6 !ac, emf in 3otor,Ia 6 (rmature current,<a 6 (ramture resistance2.(t starting, E is .ero. Therefore, 46Ia<a, Ia 6 4*<a ,where <a is very less li,e %.%;ohm.i.e, Ia will ecome enormously increased.

Electrical interview question:What are the advantages of star#delta starter with induction motor? Answer:1;2. The main advantage of using the star delta starter is reduction of current during the starting of the motor.:tarting current is reduced to '#$ times 7f current of +irect online starting.1&2. "ence the starting current is reduced , the voltage drops during the starting of motor in systems are reduced.

Electrical interview question:Why +elta :tar Transformers are used for 8ighting 8oads? Answer:9or lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must e star winding. and this lighting load is always un alanced in all three phases. To minimi.e

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the current un alance in the primary we use delta winding in the primary. :o delta * star transformer is used for lighting loads.

Electrical interview question:Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thic,er and longer than the other pins? (nswer:It depends upon <6rho l*a where area1a2 is inversely proportional to resistance 1<2, so if 1a2 increases, < decreases D if < is less the lea,age current will ta,e low resistance path so the earth pin should e thic,er. It is longer ecause the The 9irst to ma,e the connection and 8ast to disconnnect should e earth 0in. This assures :afety for the person who uses the electrical instrument.

Electrical interview question:Why series motor cannot e started on no#load? (nswer::eries motor cannot e started without load ecause of high starting torque. :eries motor are used in Trains, )rane etc.

Electrical interview question:Why E8)! can-t wor, if N input of E8)! do not connect to ground? Answer:E8)! is used to detect earth lea,age fault. 7nce the phase and neutral are connected in an E8)!, the current will flow through phase and that much current will have to return neutral so resultant current is .ero. 7nce there is a ground fault in the load side, current from phase will directly pass through earth and it will not return through neutral through E8)!. That means once side current is going and not returning and hence ecause of this difference in current E8)! wil trip and it will safe guard the other circuits from faulty loads. If the neutral is not grounded, fault current will definitely high and that full fault current will come ac, through E8)!, and there will e no difference in current.

Electrical interview question:"ow electrical power is generated y an (.) @enerator? Answer:9or the generation of elect power we need a prime mover which supplies mechanical power input to the alternator, can e steam tur ines,or hydro tur ines .When poles of the rotor moves under the armature conductors which are placed on the stator

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,field fluA cut the armature conductor ,therefore voltage is generated and is of sinusoidal in nature...due to polarity change of rotor poles1i,e2 N#:#N#:.

Electrical interview question:Why an ac solenoid valve attract the plunger even though we interchanges the terminal? Will the poles changes? Answer:Les ecause the poles changes for every half#cycle of ac voltageso the polarity of () voltage is continuously changing for every half cycle. so, interchanging of terminals in ac system does not show any difference. That-s why the ac solenoid attract the plunger even though it-s terminals are interchanged.

Electrical interview question:What is derating?, why it is necessary, it is same for all means for drives, motors,and ca les. Answer:The current currying of ca les will change depending upon the site temperature 1location of site2, type of run 1it will run through duct, trench, uried etc.2, num er of tray, depth of trench, distance etween ca les. )onsidering this condition actual current currying capacity of ca le reduce than current currying capacity 1which given to ca le )atalogue2 this is called derating.

Electrical interview question:Why temperature rise is conducted in us ars and isolators? Answer:!us ars and isolators are rated for continuous power flow, that means they carry heavy currents which rises their temperature. so it is necessary to test this devices for temperature rise.

Electrical interview question:When voltage increases then current also increases then what is the need of over voltage relay and over current relay? )an we measure over voltage and over current y measuring current only? Answer:No.We can-t sense the over voltage y Just measuring the current only ecause the current increases not only for over voltages ut also for under voltage1(s most of the loads are non#linear in nature2.:o,the over voltage protection D over current protection are completely different. 7ver voltage relay meant for sensing over voltages D protect the system from insulation rea, down and firing. 7ver current relay meant for sensing any internal short circuit, over load condition ,earth fault there y reducing the system

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failure D ris, of fire.:o, for a etter protection of the system.It should have oth over voltage D over current relay.

Electrical interview question:If one lamp connects etween two phases it will glow or not? Answer:If the voltage etween the two phase is equal to the lamp voltagethen the lamp will glow. When the voltage difference is ig it will damage the lamp and when the difference is smaller the lamp will glow depending on the type of lamp.

Electrical interview question:"ow do you select a ca le si.e 1)u D (l2 for a particular load? Answer:(t first calculate the electrical current of the load, after that derate the electrical current considering derating factor1depending on site condition and laying of ca le2 after choose the ca le si.e from ca lecatalog considering derating electrical current.(fter that measure the length of ca le required from supply point of load to load poin. )alculate the voltage drop which will maA 'Q 1resistance and reactance of ca le found from ca le catalog of selecting ca le2 if voltage dropR'Q then choose neAt higher si.e of ca le.

Electrical interview question:What are "<) fuses and where it is used? Answer:"<) stand for /high rupturing capacity/ fuse and it is used in distri ution system for electrical transformers.

Electrical interview question:Which power plant has high load factor? Answer:(ll ase load power plants have a high load factor. If we use high efficiency power plants to supply the ase load,we can reduce the cost of generation."ydel power plants have a higher efficiency than thermal D nuclear power plants.

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Electrical interview question:3ention the methods for starting an induction motor? Answer:The different methods of starting an induction motor +78:direct online starter

:tar delta starter (uto transformer starter <esistance starter :eries reactor starter

Electrical interview question:What is the difference etween earth resistance and earth electrode resistance? Answer:7nly one of the terminals is evident in the earth resistance. In order to find the second terminal we should recourse to its definition: Earth <esistance is the resistance eAisting etween the electrically accessi le part of a uried electrode and another point of the earth, which is far away. The resistance of the electrode has the following components: 1(2 the resistance of the metal and that of the connection to it. 1!2 the contact resistance of the surrounding earth to the electrode.

Electrical interview question:What is use of loc,out relay in ht voltage? Answer:( loc,#out relay is generally placed in line efore or after the e#stop switch so the power can e shut off at one central location. This relay is powered y the same electrical source as the control power and is operated y a ,ey loc, switch. The relay itself may have up to &$ contact points within the unit itself. This allows the control power for multiple machines to e loc,ed out y the turn of a single ,ey switch.

Electrical interview question:What is the power factor of an alternator at no load?

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Answer:(t no load :ynchronous Impedance of the alternator is responsi le for creating angle difference. :o it should e .ero lagging li,e inductor.

Electrical interview question:Why most of analog o*p devices having o*p range $ to &% m( and not % to &% m( ?

Answer:$#&% m( is a standard range used to indicate measured values for any process. The reason that $ma is chosen instead of % m( is for fail safe operation .9or eAample# a pressure instrument gives output $m( to indicate % psi, up to &% m( to indicate ;%% psi, or full scale. +ue to any pro lem in instrument 1i.e2 ro,en wire, its output reduces to % m(. :o if range is %#&% m( then we can differentiate whether it is due to ro,en wire or due to % psi. Electrical interview question:Two ul s of ;%%w and $%w respectively connected in series across a &'%v supply which ul will glow right and why?

Answer::ince two ul s are in series they will get equal amount of electrical current ut as the supply voltage is constant across the ul 1064S&*<2.:o the resistance of $%W ul is greater and voltage across $%W is more 146I<2 so $%W ul will glow righter.

Electrical interview question:What is meant y ,nee point voltage?

Answer:5nee point voltage is calculated for electrical )urrent transformers and is very important factor to choose a )T. It is the voltage at which a )T gets saturated.1)T# current transformer2.

Electrical interview question:What is reverse power relay? Answer:<everse 0ower flow relay are used in generating stations-s protection. ( generating stations is supposed to fed power to the grid and in case generating units are off,there is no generation in the plant then plant may ta,e power from grid. To stop the flow of power from grid to generator we use reverse power relay. www.Technicalsymposium.com

Electrical interview question:What will happen if +) supply is given on the primary of a transformer? Answer:3ainly transformer has high inductance and low resistance.In case of +) supply there is no inductance ,only resistance will act in theelectrical circuit. :o high electrical current will flow through primary side of the transformer.:o for this reason coil and insulation will urn out.

Electrical interview question:What is the difference etween isolators and electrical circuit rea,ers? What is us# ar? Answer:Isolators are mainly for switching purpose under normal conditions ut they cannot operate in fault conditions .(ctually they used for isolating the )!s for maintenance. Whereas )! gets activated under fault conditions according to the fault detected.!us ar is nothing ut a Junction where the power is getting distri uted for independent loads.

Electrical interview question:What are the advantage of free wheeling diode in a 9ull Wave rectifier? Answer:It reduces the harmonics and it also reduces spar,ing and arching across the mechanical switch so that it reduces the voltage spi,e seen in a inductive load

Electrical interview question:What are 3otor @enerator :ets and eAplain the different ways the motor generator set can e used ? Answer:3otor @enerator :ets are a com ination of an electrical generator and an engine mounted together to form a single piece of equipment. 3otor generator set is also referred to as a genset, or more commonly, a generatorThe motor generator set can used in the following different ways:

;.(lternating current 1()2 to direct current 1+)2 &.+) to () www.Technicalsymposium.com

'.+) at one voltage to +) at another voltage $.() at one frequency to () at another harmonically#related frequency Electrical interview question:What is power quality meter ? Answer:0ower Nuality meters are common in many industrial environment. :mall units are now availa le for home use as well. They give operators the a ility to monitor the oth pertur ations on the power supply, as well as power used within a uilding, or y a single machine or appliance. In some situations, equipment function and operation is monitored and controlled from a remote location where communication is via modem, or high#speed communication lines.:o we can understand the importance of power measurement through power quality meters.

Electrical interview question:What is the different etween digital phase converter and ordinary phase converter? Answer:+igital phase converter are a recent development in phase converter technology that utili.es proprietary software in a powerful microprocessor to control solid state power switching components. This microprocessor, called a digital signal processor 1+:02, monitors the phase conversion process, continually adJusting the input and output modules of the converter to maintain perfectly alanced three#phase power under all load conditions.

Electrical interview question:EAplain the operation of varia lefrequency transformer? Answer:( varia le frequency transformer is used to transmit electricity etween two asynchronous alternating current domains. ( varia lefrequency transformer is a dou ly# fed electric machine resem ling a vertical shaft hydroelectric generator with a three# phase wound rotor, connected y slip rings to one eAternal ac power circuit. ( direct# current torque motor is mounted on the same shaft. )hanging the direction of torque applied to the shaft changes the direction of power flowH with no applied torque, the shaft rotates due to the difference in frequency etween the networ,s connected to the rotor and stator.The varia lefrequency transformer ehaves as a continuously adJusta le phase# shifting transformer. It allows control of the power flow etween two networ,s .

Electrical interview question:What is the main use of rotary phase converter ? Answer:<otary phase converter will e converting single phase power into true alanced ' phase power,so it is often called as single phase to three phase converter .7ften the www.Technicalsymposium.com

advantages of ' phase motors, and other ' phase equipment, ma,e it worthwhile to convert single phase to ' phase so that small and large consumers need not want to pay for the eAtra cost of a ' phase service ut may still wish to use ' phase equipment.

Electrical interview questions:Which type of oil is used as a transformer oil? Answers:Transformer oil, or insulating oil, is usually a highly#refined mineral oil that is sta le at high temperatures and has eAcellent electrical insulating properties. It is used in oil filled transformers, some types of high voltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp allasts, and some types of high voltage switches and circuit rea,ers. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona and arcing, and to serve as a coolant.

Well into the ;IE%s, polychlorinated iphenyls 10)!2s were often used as a dielectric fluid since they are not flamma le. They are toAic, and under incomplete com ustion, can form highly toAic products such as furan. :tarting in the early ;IE%s, concerns a out the toAicity of 0)!s have led to their anning in many countries.

Today, non#toAic, sta le silicon# ased or fluoridated hydrocar ons are used, where the added eApense of a fire#resistant liquid offsets additional uilding cost for a transformer vault. )om ustion#resistant vegeta le oil# ased dielectric coolants and synthetic pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid 1)E, )G2 esters are also ecoming increasingly common as alternatives to naphthenic mineral oil. Esters are non#toAic to aquatic life, readily iodegrada le, and have a lower volatility and higher flash points than mineral oil.

Electrical interview questions: If we give &''$ (, K$%4 on 0rimary side of ;.;&K 34( step up transformer, then what will e the :econdary )urrent, If :econdary 4oltage6;; 54? Answers :(s we ,now the 4oltage D current relation for transformer#4;*4& 6 I&*I; We 5now, 4I6 K$% 4H 4&6;;54 or ;;%%% 4H I;6 &''$ (mps. !y putting these value on <elation# K$%*;;%%%6 I&*&''$

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:o,I& 6 ;;$.K (mps

Electrical interview questions:what are the points to e consider for 3)!1miniature circuit rea,er selection?Answers:I182M;.&K6I13(=2 maAimum current. 3c specification are done on maAimum current flow in circuit. Electrical interview questions:what is the full form of 54(<? Answers:We ,now there are three types of power in Electricals as (ctive, apparent D reactive. :o 54(< is stand for TT5ilo 4olt (mps with <eactive component.

Electrical interview questions:What is eAcitation? Answer:EAcitation is applying an eAternal voltage to +) shunt coil in +) motors.

Electrical interview questions:In three pin plug F (mp. &&%v () rating. why earth pin diameter is higher than ohter two pin? what its purpose ?

Answer:!ecause )urrent flow in the conductor is inversely proportional to the conductor diameter. :o if any short circuits occur in the system first high currents ypassed in the Earthling terminal.1 <60l*a area of the conductor increases resistance value decreases2

Electrical interview questions:+ifferent etween megger and contact resistance meter? Answers:3egger used to measure ca le resistance, conductor continuity, phase identification where as contact resistance meter used to measure low resistance li,e relays ,contactors.

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Electrical interview questions :When we connect the capacitor an, in series ?

Answers:we connect capacitor an, in series to improve the voltage profile at the load end in transmission line there is considera le voltage drop along the transmission line due toimpedance of the line. so in order to ring the voltage at the load terminals within its limits i.e 1U or # QF 2of the rated terminal voltage the capacitor an, is used in series

Electrical interview questions:What is +iversity factor in electrical installations? Answers:+iversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the individual maAimum demands of the various su divisions of a system, or part of a system, to the maAimum demand of the whole system, or part of the system, under consideration. +iversity factor is usually more than one.

Electrical interview questions:Why field rheostat is ,ept in minimum position while armature rheostat at maAimum position? Answers:In motors at the time of starting the armature resistance is introduced to reduce the high starting current and the field resistance is ,ept minimum to have high starting torque.

Electrical interview questions:Why humming sound occurred in h "T transmission line? Answers:This sound is coming due to ioni.ation 1 rea,down of air into charged particles2 of air around transmission conductor. This effect is called as )orona effect, and it is considered as power loss.

Electrical interview questions :what is rated speed? Answers:(t the time of motor ta,ing normal current 1rated current2the speed of the motor is called rated speed. It is a speed at which any system ta,e small current and give maAimum efficiency. www.Technicalsymposium.com

Electrical interview questions:What is different etween grounding and earthings? Answers:@rounding means connecting the neutral point of the load to the ground to carry the residual current in case of un alanced conditions through the neutral to the ground whereas earthing is done in an electric equipment in order to protect he equipment in occurence of fault in the system.

Electrical interview questions:Why should e the frequency is K% h. only why not others li,e $K, IK KF or anything , why should we maintain the frequency constant if so why it is only K% ? Answers:We can have the frequency at any frequency you li,e, ut than you must also ma,e your own motors, transformers or any other equipment you want to use.We maintain the frequency at K%h. or F%h. cos the world maintains a standard at K% *F%h. and the equipments are are made to operate at these frequency.

Why transformer rating in 54( instead of 5W?

(ny device is rated depending on losses of the machine. In a transformer the losses are iron losses which depends on voltage and copper losses which depends on current so there are no losses which depend on power factor hence transformer is rated in 54(.

There are & losses in transformer. 7ne is copper loss which depends on current and the other is iron loss which depends on voltage. These two factors are not affected y the power factor. This is why transformers are rated in 54( and not 5W. :ingle phase 54( 6 (mps A 4olts*;%%%. :ingle phase 5W 6 (mps A 4olts A pf*;%%%. ' phase 54( 6 (mps A 4olts A ;.E'*;%%%. ' phase 5W 6 (mps A 4olts A ;.E' A pf*;%%% yes there are two type of losses in transformer is that ohmic losses and core losses . ohmic losses due to transformer current and core losses due to transformer voltage. these losses are due to transformer voltage and current. and these losses not depends on load ie ,w that-s the way its rating in ,va..

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