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\
|
t
+ |
.
|
\
|
t
=
1 M
k 4
cos 08 . 0
1 M
k 2
cos 5 . 0 42 . 0 k w
1 M k 0 s s (1)
Where M is the number of samples of the FIR filter. In
this design, we have the order L of the filter as 100 and L
=M-1. The sampling frequency of 1000Hz is sufficiently
high for the digitized signal to preserve all the
information of the analogue ECG signal. If we substitute
the value of M in (1) the expression of (1) becomes that of
(2).
( ) |
.
|
\
| t
+ |
.
|
\
| t
=
100
k 4
cos 08 . 0
100
k 2
cos 5 . 0 42 . 0 k w
100 k 0 s s (2)
Designing a notch filter for 50Hz powerline noise
suppression, with the expression of (2), the impulse,
magnitude and phase responses of the filter are
presented in figures 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Fig 3: Impulse Response of the Notch
Filter
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Fig. 4. Magnitude Response of the Notch Filter
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Fig. 5: Phase Response of the Notch Filter
3. Results
A normal noise-free ECG generated by matlab is shown
in fig 6 below. The normal ECG signal of fig 6 is
contaminated with 50Hz powerline and the contaminated
signal is shown in fig 7. The periodogram of the
contaminated ECG is recorded in fig 8. From fig 8, the
average power of the contaminated ECG at 50Hz is
+4.2dB. The contaminated signal is filtered using the
implemented FIR notch filter and the filtered ECG signal
is recorded in fig 9. The periodogram of the filtered ECG
signal is recorded in fig 10. From fig 10 the average
power of the filtered ECG signal at 50Hz is
-8dB. From the recordings the average power of the
filtered ECG signal at 50Hz is less than that of the
contaminated signal at 50Hz. Therefore the notch filter
has actually removed a substantial quantity of the 50Hz
powerline noise.
The corrupt ECG signal of fig. 7 is applied to an FIR
adaptive notch filter as a way of comparing the
performances of FIR notch filter designed with Blackman
window and adaptive notch filter in removing powerline
interference in ECG signals. The adaptively filtered ECG
signal is recorded in fig. 11 while the periodogram is
shown in fig. 12. From fig. 12 the average power of the
ECG signal filtered with adaptive notch filter at 50Hz
drops to -34.2dB. Note that 50Hz here corresponds to
0.1rad in the normalized frequency scale.
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Fig. 6 Normal ECG Signal From Matlab
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Fig. 7 ECG Signal Contaminated with 50Hz Powerline
Noise
International Journal of EmergingTrends & Technology in Computer Science(IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 2, Issue 5, September October 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
Volume 2, Issue 5 September October 2013 Page 122
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
NormalizedFrequency (trad/sample)
P
o
w
e
r
/
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
d
B
/
r
a
d
/s
a
m
p
le
)
PeriodogramPower Spectral Density Estimate
Fig. 8: Periodogram of ECG Signal Contaminated with
50Hz powerline Noise
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Fig. 9: Filtered ECG Signal
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
NormalizedFrequency (trad/sample)
P
o
w
e
r
/
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
d
B
/
r
a
d
/
s
a
m
p
le
)
PeriodogramPower Spectral Density Estimate
Fig. 10: Periodogram of Filtered ECG Signal
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Fig. 11: Adaptively Filtered ECG Signal
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
Normalized Frequency (trad/sample)
P
o
w
e
r
/
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
d
B
/r
a
d
/s
a
m
p
le
)
PeriodogramPower Spectral Density Estimate
Fig. 12: Periodogram of Adaptively Filtered ECG Signal
4. Conclusion
The filter is stable based on the impulse and magnitude
responses because there are no sustained oscillations in
them. The phase response exhibits linear characteristics.
Comparing the average power of the filtered ECG signal
with that of the corrupt signal shows that the notch filter
has actually removed a reasonable quantity of the 50Hz
powerline interference, though not good enough for
correct clinical interpretations. Comparing the
performance of the Blackman-windowed filter with that
of adaptive filter, as can be deduced from figures 11 and
12 shows that the adaptive filter is better in ECG
processing with a view to removing powerline
interference and good enough for correct clinical
interpretations.
References
[1] Suzanna M. M. Martens, Massimo Mischi, Oei S
Guid and Bergmans Jan W. M. An Improved
Adaptive Powerline Interference Canceller for
Electrocardiography IEEE Transactions on
Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 53, No.11, Pp. 2220
2231, 2006.
[2] Ferdjallah M and Barr R.E., Frequency Domain
Digital filtering Techniques for Removal of
Powerline Noise with Application to the
Electrocardiogram, Computers in Biomedical
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[3] Sorensen J.S., Johannesen L., Grove U.S.L., Lundhus
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[6] Mbachu C.B., Onoh G.N., Idigo VE, Ifeagwu E.N.
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International Journal of EmergingTrends & Technology in Computer Science(IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 2, Issue 5, September October 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
Volume 2, Issue 5 September October 2013 Page 123
[9] Sonal K. Jagtap and Uplane M.D, A Real Time
Approach: ECG Noise Reduction in chebyshev Type
II Digital filter, International Journal of Computer
Applications, vol. 49, No 9, pp52-59, July, 2012.
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with Various Windows for Enhancement of ECG
Signal, International Journal of Engineering
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2040, 2011.
[11] Stefan Jurko and Gregor Rozinaj, High Resolution
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