Data Sheet

FEATURES
High performance, single-/dual-axis accelerometer on a single IC chip 5 mm 5 mm 2 mm LCC package 1 mg resolution at 60 Hz Low power: 700 A at VS = 5 V (typical) High zero g bias stability High sensitivity accuracy 40C to +125C temperature range X and Y axes aligned to within 0.1 (typical) Bandwidth adjustment with a single capacitor Single-supply operation 3500 g shock survival RoHS compliant Compatible with Sn/Pb- and Pb-free solder processes Qualified for automotive applications

Precision 1.7 g, 5 g, 18 g Single-/ Dual-Axis iMEMS Accelerometer ADXL103/ADXL203

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADXL103/ADXL203 are high precision, low power, complete single- and dual-axis accelerometers with signal conditioned voltage outputs, all on a single, monolithic IC. The ADXL103/ ADXL203 measure acceleration with a full-scale range of 1.7 g, 5 g, or 18 g. The ADXL103/ADXL203 can measure both dynamic acceleration (for example, vibration) and static acceleration (for example, gravity). The typical noise floor is 110 g/Hz, allowing signals below 1 mg (0.06 of inclination) to be resolved in tilt sensing applications using narrow bandwidths (<60 Hz). The user selects the bandwidth of the accelerometer using Capacitor CX and Capacitor CY at the XOUT and YOUT pins. Bandwidths of 0.5 Hz to 2.5 kHz can be selected to suit the application. The ADXL103 and ADXL203 are available in a 5 mm 5 mm 2 mm, 8-terminal ceramic LCC package.

APPLICATIONS
Vehicle dynamic controls Electronic chassis controls Platform stabilization/leveling Navigation Alarms and motion detectors High accuracy, 2-axis tilt sensing Vibration monitoring and compensation Abuse event detection

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS

+5V VS +5V VS

ADXL103
CDC SENSOR RFILT 32k COM ST XOUT CX COM AC AMP OUTPUT AMP CDC

ADXL203
AC AMP SENSOR RFILT 32k ST RFILT 32k
03757-001

DEMOD

DEMOD

OUTPUT AMP

OUTPUT AMP

YOUT CY

XOUT CX

Figure 1.

Rev. D
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 20042011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.

ADXL103/ADXL203 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications....................................................................................... 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagrams............................................................. 1 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 5 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6 ADXL103 and ADXL203............................................................. 6 AD22293........................................................................................ 9 AD22035 and AD22037 ............................................................ 10 All Models ................................................................................... 12 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 13

Data Sheet
Performance................................................................................ 13 Applications Information .............................................................. 14 Power Supply Decoupling ......................................................... 14 Setting the Bandwidth Using CX and CY ................................. 14 Self Test ........................................................................................ 14 Design Trade-Offs for Selecting Filter Characteristics: The Noise/Bandwidth Trade-Off ..................................................... 14 Using the ADXL103/ADXL203 with Operating Voltages Other than 5 V............................................................................ 15 Using the ADXL203 as a Dual-Axis Tilt Sensor ........................ 15 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 16 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 16 Automotive Products ................................................................. 16

REVISION HISTORY
9/11Rev. C to Rev. D Added AD22293, AD22035, and AD22037 ............... Throughout Changes to Application Section and General Description Section................................................................................................ 1 Changes to Table 1............................................................................ 3 Deleted Figure 13 and Figure 14: Renumbered Sequentially ..... 7 Deleted Figure 17 and Figure 22..................................................... 8 Added Figure 19 to Figure 24; Renumbered Sequentially .......... 9 Added Figure 25 to Figure 34........................................................ 10 Added All Models Section, Figure 35 to Figure 38 .................... 12 Changes to Figure 39...................................................................... 13 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 16 Changes to Automotive Products Section................................... 16 5/10Rev. B to Rev. C Changes to Figure 24 Caption....................................................... 12 Added Automotive Products Section .......................................... 12 4/10Rev. A to Rev. B Changes to Features Section ............................................................1 Updated Outline Dimensions....................................................... 12 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 12 2/06Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to Features ..........................................................................1 Changes to Table 1.............................................................................3 Changes to Figure 2...........................................................................4 Changes to Figure 3 and Figure 4....................................................5 Changes to the Performance Section..............................................9 4/04Revision 0: Initial Version

Rev. D | Page 2 of 16

Data Sheet SPECIFICATIONS

ADXL103/ADXL203

TA = 40C to +125C, VS = 5 V, CX = CY = 0.1 F, acceleration = 0 g, unless otherwise noted. All minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed. All typical specifications are not guaranteed. Table 1.
Parameter SENSOR Measurement Range 1 Nonlinearity Package Alignment Error Alignment Error (ADXL203) Cross-Axis Sensitivity SENSITIVITY (RATIOMETRIC) 2 Sensitivity at XOUT, YOUT Sensitivity Change Due to Temperature 3 ZERO g BIAS LEVEL (RATIOMETRIC) 0 g Voltage at XOUT, YOUT Initial 0 g Output Deviation From Ideal 0 g Offset vs. Temperature NOISE Output Noise Noise Density FREQUENCY RESPONSE 4 CX, CY Range 5 RFILT Tolerance Sensor Resonant Frequency SELF TEST 6 Logic Input Low Logic Input High ST Input Resistance to GND Output Change at XOUT, YOUT OUTPUT AMPLIFIER Output Swing Low Output Swing High POWER SUPPLY (VDD) Operating Voltage Range Quiescent Supply Current Turn-On Time 7
1 2

Test Conditions Each axis % of full scale X to Y sensor Each axis VS = 5 V VS = 5 V Each axis VS = 5 V VS = 5 V, 25C

ADXL103/ADXL203 Min Typ Max 1.7 0.2 1 0.1 1.5 960 1000 0.3 1.25

Min 5

AD22293 Typ Max 6 0.2 1 0.1 1.5 312 0.3

AD22035/AD22037 Min Typ Max 18

Unit g % Degrees Degrees % mV/g %

1.25

3 1040 293

3 331 94

0.2 1 0.1 1.5 100 0.3

1.25

3 106

2.4

2.5 25 0.1

2.6

2.4

2.5 50 0.3 1 200

2.6

2.4

2.5 125 1

2.6

V mg mg/C

0.8 3

1.8 3

<4 kHz, VS = 5 V

1 110

2 130

mV rms g/Hz rms F k kHz V V k mV V V V mA ms

0.002 24

32 5.5

10 40

0.002 24

32 5.5

10 40

0.002 24

32 5.5

10 40

1 4 30 450 0.05 50 750 0.2 4.5 4 30 125 0.05 4.8 6 1.1 3 0.7 20 50 250 0.2 4.5

1 4 30 60 0.05 4.8 6 1.1 3 0.7 20 50 80 0.2 4.5

ST 0 to ST 1 No load No load

1100

375

100

4.8 6 1.1

3 0.7 20

Guaranteed by measurement of initial offset and sensitivity. Sensitivity is essentially ratiometric to VS. For VS = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, sensitivity is 186 mV/V/g to 215 mV/V/g. 3 Defined as the output change from ambient-to-maximum temperature or ambient-to-minimum temperature. 4 Actual frequency response controlled by user-supplied external capacitor (CX, CY). 5 Bandwidth = 1/(2 32 k C). For CX, CY = 0.002 F, bandwidth = 2500 Hz. For CX, CY = 10 F, bandwidth = 0.5 Hz. Minimum/maximum values are not tested. 6 Self-test response changes cubically with VS. 7 Larger values of CX, CY increase turn-on time. Turn-on time is approximately 160 CX or CY + 4 ms, where CX, CY are in F.

Rev. D | Page 3 of 16

ADXL103/ADXL203 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Table 2.
Parameter Acceleration (Any Axis, Unpowered) Acceleration (Any Axis, Powered) Drop Test (Concrete Surface) VS All Other Pins Output Short-Circuit Duration (Any Pin to Common) Temperature Range (Powered) Temperature Range (Storage) Rating 3500 g 3500 g 1.2 m 0.3 V to +7.0 V (COM 0.3 V) to (VS + 0.3 V) Indefinite 55C to +125C 65C to +150C

Data Sheet

Table 3. Package Characteristics

Package Type 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC JA 120C/W JC 20C/W Device Weight <1.0 gram

ESD CAUTION

Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
CRITICAL ZONE TL TO TP

TP RAMP-UP
TEMPERATURE

tP

TL

TSMAX TSMIN

tL

t25C TO PEAK
TIME

Figure 2. Recommended Soldering Profile

Table 4. Solder Profile Parameters

Test Condition Profile Feature Average Ramp Rate (TL to TP) Preheat Minimum Temperature (TSMIN) Maximum Temperature (TSMAX) Time (TSMIN to TSMAX) (tS) TSMAX to TL Ramp-Up Rate Time Maintained above Liquidous (TL) Liquidous Temperature (TL) Time (tL) Peak Temperature (TP) Time Within 5C of Actual Peak Temperature (tP) Ramp-Down Rate Time 25C to Peak Temperature Sn63/Pb37 3C/second maximum 100C 150C 60 seconds to 120 seconds 3C/second 183C 60 seconds to 150 seconds 240C + 0C/5C 10 seconds to 30 seconds 6C/second maximum 6 minutes maximum Pb-Free 3C/second maximum 150C 200C 60 seconds to 150 seconds 3C/second 217C 60 seconds to 150 seconds 260C + 0C/5C 20 seconds to 40 seconds 6C/second maximum 8 minutes maximum

Rev. D | Page 4 of 16

03757-102

PREHEAT

tS

RAMP-DOWN

Data Sheet PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

ADXL103
TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) VS
8

ADXL103/ADXL203
ADXL203
TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) VS
8 7

ST 1 NC 2 COM 3
4

+X

XOUT NC
03757-002

ST 1 NC 2 COM 3 +Y +X
4

7 6 5

XOUT YOUT
03757-003

6 5

NC

NC

NC

NC

NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN.

NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN.

Figure 3. ADXL103 Pin Configuration

Figure 4. ADXL203 Pin Configuration

Table 5. ADXL103 Pin Function Descriptions

Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mnemonic ST NC COM NC NC NC XOUT VS Description Self Test Do Not Connect Common Do Not Connect Do Not Connect Do Not Connect X Channel Output 3 V to 6 V

Table 6. ADXL203 Pin Function Descriptions

Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mnemonic ST NC COM NC NC YOUT XOUT VS Description Self Test Do Not Connect Common Do Not Connect Do Not Connect Y Channel Output X Channel Output 3 V to 6 V

Rev. D | Page 5 of 16

ADXL103/ADXL203 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

ADXL103 AND ADXL203
VS = 5 V for all graphs, unless otherwise noted.
25
30

Data Sheet

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

20

25

20

15

15

10

10

5
03757-010

5
03757-013

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.02

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

ZERO g BIAS (V)

0.04

ZERO g BIAS (V)

Figure 5. X-Axis Zero g Bias Deviation from Ideal at 25C

30

Figure 8. Y-Axis Zero g Bias Deviation from Ideal at 25C

25

25
PERCENT OF POPULATION (%) PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

20

20

15

15

10

10

5
03757-011

5
03757-014

0
0.80 0.70 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.50 0.10

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0
0.80 0.70 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.50 0.10

0.02

0.10

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.20

0.70 1.05

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/C)

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/C)

Figure 6. X-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient

40 35

Figure 9. Y-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient

40 35
PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

30 25 20 15 10
03757-012

30 25 20 15 10
03757-015

5 0

5 0

0.94

0.95

0.96

0.98

0.99

1.00

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

1.05

0.97

1.06

0.94

0.95

0.96

0.98

0.99

1.00

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

SENSITIVITY (V/g)

0.97

SENSITIVITY (V/g)

Figure 7. X-Axis Sensitivity at 25C

Figure 10. Y-Axis Sensitivity at 25C

Rev. D | Page 6 of 16

1.06

0.80

0.10

Data Sheet
2.60 2.58 2.56 2.54 2.52 2.50 2.48 2.46 2.44
03757-004

ADXL103/ADXL203
1.03

1.02

SENSITIVITY (V/g)

1.01

VOLTAGE (1V/g)

1.00

0.99

0.98
03757-016

2.42 2.40
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 50 40 30 20 10 0

0.97

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

130

40

30

20

10

90

100

110

120
150

50

TEMPERATURE (C)

TEMPERATURE (C)

Figure 11. Zero g Bias vs. Temperature; Parts Soldered to PCB

50 45

Figure 13. Sensitivity vs. Temperature; Parts Soldered to PCB

50 45

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10
03757-007

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Y AXIS NOISE DENSITY (mg/Hz) 140

03757-008

5 0 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 X AXIS NOISE DENSITY (mg/Hz) 140 150

Figure 12. X-Axis Noise Density at 25C

Figure 14. Y-Axis Noise Density at 25C

Rev. D | Page 7 of 16

130

ADXL103/ADXL203
45 40
PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

Data Sheet
45 40
PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)
03757-017

35 30 25 20 15 10 5
0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00

35 30 25 20 15 10 5
0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
1000
03757-018

0.55

SELF-TEST OUTPUT (V)

0.55

SELF-TEST OUTPUT (V)

Figure 15. X-Axis Self-Test Response at 25C

0.90 0.85 0.80
VOLTAGE (1V/g)
100 90

Figure 17. Y-Axis Self-Test Response at 25C

5V

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 3V

0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60

03757-103

0.55 0.50
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 50 40 30 20 10 90 100 110 120 0

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

TEMPERATURE (C)

130

CURRENT (A)

Figure 16. Self-Test Response vs. Temperature

Figure 18. Supply Current at 25C

Rev. D | Page 8 of 16

900

03757-019

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

10 20 30 40 50 60

10
0

15

20

25

10
1.2

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

AD22293

0.287

Data Sheet

0.297
0.8 0.6

0.307

0.317
0.4

0.327
0.2

0.337
0.2 0.4

ZERO g BIAS (V)

SENSITIVITY (V/g)

0.347

0.357

2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57
03757-117

1.0

Figure 19. X-Axis Zero g Bias at 25C

Figure 20. X-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
03757-118

Figure 21. X-Axis Sensitivity at 25C

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/C)

0.367

0.377

0.387

03757-021

Rev. D | Page 9 of 16
PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

10 15 0 5

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

20

25

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
03757-020

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0.287

0.297

0.307

0.317

0.327

0.337

ZERO g BIAS (V)

SENSITIVITY (V/g)

0.347

Figure 22. Y-Axis Zero g Bias at 25C

Figure 23. Y-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient

Figure 24. Y-Axis Sensitivity at 25C

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/C)

0.357

0.367

0.377

0.387

2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57
03757-119

ADXL103/ADXL203

03757-022

ADXL103/ADXL203
AD22035 AND AD22037
60
60

Data Sheet

50
PERCENT OF POPULATION

50

40

PERCENT OF POPULATION
03757-105

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 50

0 ZERO g BIAS (mV)

03757-108

40

10

20

30

40 2.5

50

30

20

10

ZERO g BIAS (mV)

Figure 25. X-Axis Zero g Bias Deviation from Ideal at 25C

35 30
PERCENT OF POPULATION PERCENT OF POPULATION

Figure 28. Y-Axis Zero g Bias Deviation from Ideal at 25C

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

25 20 15 10 5 0
1.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 0
03757-106

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.5

1.5

0.5

1.5

2.0

3.0

2.0

3.0
103

50

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/C)

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/C)

Figure 26. X-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient

25

Figure 29. Y-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient

25

PERCENT OF POPULATION

20
PERCENT OF POPULATION

20

15

15

10

10

0
101 97 98 99 102 100 103
03757-107

0
101 97 98 99 100 102

SENSITIVITY (mV/g)

SENSITIVITY (mV/g)

Figure 27. X-Axis Sensitivity at 25C

Figure 30. Y-Axis Sensitivity at 25C

Rev. D | Page 10 of 16

03757-110

03757-009

Data Sheet
40 35
PERCENT OF POPULATION

ADXL103/ADXL203
45 40

PERCENT OF POPULATION

30 25 20 15 10 5 0
0.060 0.065 0.070 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100
03757-111

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

0.075

0.060

0.065

0.070

0.080

0.085

0.090

0.095

0.100
940 960

SELF-TEST OUTPUT (V)

SELF-TEST OUTPUT (V)

Figure 31. X-Axis Self Test Response at 25C

101.0
90 80
PERCENT OF POPULATION

Figure 33. Y-Axis Self Test Response at 25C

25C

105C

100.5 100.0 99.5 99.0 98.5 98.0 97.5 50

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

SENSITIVITY (mV)

720

680

700

740

760

800

820

840

900

780

860

880

920

CURRENT (A)

Figure 32. Sensitivity vs. Temperature; Parts Soldered to PCB

Figure 34. Supply Current vs. Temperature

Rev. D | Page 11 of 16

03757-113

25

25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (C)

100

125

03757-112

03757-114

ADXL103/ADXL203
ALL MODELS
40 35

Data Sheet
40 35

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

PERCENT OF POPULATION (%)

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

4.0

3.0

5.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

4.0

3.0

5.0

1.0

2.0

09781-023

2.0

5.0
09781-027

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

PERCENT SENSITIVITY (%)

PERCENT SENSITIVITY (%)

Figure 35. Z vs. X Cross-Axis Sensitivity

0.9

Figure 37. Z vs. Y Cross-Axis Sensitivity

0.8 VS = 5V 0.7

CURRENT (mA)

0.6

0.5 VS = 3V 0.4

50 TEMPERATURE (C)

100

150

09781-024

0.3 50

VOLTAGE (V)

TIME

Figure 36. Supply Current vs. Temperature

Figure 38. Turn-On Time; CX, CY = 0.1 F, Time Scale = 2 ms/DIV

Rev. D | Page 12 of 16

09781-026

Data Sheet THEORY OF OPERATION

The ADXL103/ADXL203 are complete acceleration measurement systems on a single, monolithic IC. The ADXL103 is a singleaxis accelerometer, and the ADXL203 is a dual-axis accelerometer. Both parts contain a polysilicon surface-micro-machined sensor and signal conditioning circuitry to implement an open-loop acceleration measurement architecture. The output signals are analog voltages that are proportional to acceleration. The ADXL103/ADXL203 are capable of measuring both positive and negative accelerations from 1.7 g to at least 18 g. The accelerometer can measure static acceleration forces, such as gravity, allowing it to be used as a tilt sensor. The sensor is a surface-micromachined polysilicon structure built on top of the silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspend the structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a resistance against acceleration forces. Deflection of the structure is measured using a differential capacitor that consists of independent fixed plates and plates attached to the moving mass. The fixed plates are driven by 180 out-of-phase square waves. Acceleration deflects the beam and unbalances the differential capacitor, resulting in an output square wave whose amplitude is proportional to acceleration. Phase-sensitive demodulation techniques are then used to rectify the signal and determine the direction of the acceleration.
PIN 8 XOUT = 1g YOUT = 0g

ADXL103/ADXL203
The output of the demodulator is amplified and brought off-chip through a 32 k resistor. At this point, the user can set the signal bandwidth of the device by adding a capacitor. This filtering improves measurement resolution and helps prevent aliasing.

PERFORMANCE
Rather than using additional temperature compensation circuitry, innovative design techniques have been used to ensure that high performance is built in. As a result, there is essentially no quantization error or nonmonotonic behavior, and temperature hysteresis is very low (typically less than 10 mg over the 40C to +125C temperature range). Figure 11 shows the 0 g output performance of eight parts (x and y axes) over a 40C to +125C temperature range. Figure 13 demonstrates the typical sensitivity shift over temperature for VS = 5 V. Sensitivity stability is optimized for VS = 5 V but is still very good over the specified range; it is typically better than 1% over temperature at VS = 3 V.

PIN 8 XOUT = 0g YOUT = +1g

TOP VIEW (Not to Scale)

PIN 8 XOUT = 0g YOUT = 1g

PIN 8 XOUT = +1g YOUT = 0g

XOUT = 0g YOUT = 0g

EARTHS SURFACE

Figure 39. Output Response vs. Orientation

Rev. D | Page 13 of 16

03757-028

ADXL103/ADXL203 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING
For most applications, a single 0.1 F capacitor, CDC, adequately decouples the accelerometer from noise on the power supply. However, in some cases, particularly where noise is present at the 140 kHz internal clock frequency (or any harmonic thereof), noise on the supply can cause interference on the ADXL103/ ADXL203 output. If additional decoupling is needed, a 100 (or smaller) resistor or ferrite beads can be inserted in the supply line of the ADXL103/ADXL203. Additionally, a larger bulk bypass capacitor (in the 1 F to 22 F range) can be added in parallel to CDC.

Data Sheet
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS FOR SELECTING FILTER CHARACTERISTICS: THE NOISE/BANDWIDTH TRADE-OFF
The accelerometer bandwidth selected ultimately determines the measurement resolution (smallest detectable acceleration). Filtering can be used to lower the noise floor, improving the resolution of the accelerometer. Resolution is dependent on the analog filter bandwidth at XOUT and YOUT. The output of the ADXL103/ADXL203 has a typical bandwidth of 2.5 kHz. The user must filter the signal at this point to limit aliasing errors. The analog bandwidth must be no more than half the analog-to-digital sampling frequency to minimize aliasing. The analog bandwidth can be further decreased to reduce noise and improve resolution. The ADXL103/ADXL203 noise has the characteristics of white Gaussian noise, which contributes equally at all frequencies and is described in terms of g/Hz (that is, the noise is proportional to the square root of the accelerometer bandwidth). Limit bandwidth to the lowest frequency needed by the application to maximize the resolution and dynamic range of the accelerometer. With the single-pole roll-off characteristic, the typical noise of the ADXL103/ADXL203 is determined by rmsNoise = (110 g/Hz) ( BW 1.6 ) At 100 Hz, the noise is rmsNoise = (110 g/Hz) ( 100 1.6 ) = 1.4 mg Often, the peak value of the noise is desired. Peak-to-peak noise can only be estimated by statistical methods. Table 8 is useful for estimating the probabilities of exceeding various peak values, given the rms value. Table 8. Estimation of Peak-to-Peak Noise
Peak-to-Peak Value 2 rms 4 rms 6 rms 8 rms % of Time That Noise Exceeds Nominal Peak-to-Peak Value 32 4.6 0.27 0.006

SETTING THE BANDWIDTH USING CX AND CY

The ADXL103/ADXL203 has provisions for band limiting the XOUT and YOUT pins. Capacitors must be added at these pins to implement low-pass filtering for antialiasing and noise reduction. The equation for the 3 dB bandwidth is f3 dB = 1/(2(32 k) C(X, Y)) or more simply, f3 dB = 5 F/C(X, Y) The tolerance of the internal resistor (RFILT) can vary typically as much as 25% of its nominal value (32 k); thus, the bandwidth varies accordingly. A minimum capacitance of 2000 pF for CX and CY is required in all cases. Table 7. Filter Capacitor Selection, CX and CY
Bandwidth (Hz) 1 10 50 100 200 500 Capacitor (F) 4.7 0.47 0.10 0.05 0.027 0.01

SELF TEST
The ST pin controls the self test feature. When this pin is set to VS, an electrostatic force is exerted on the beam of the accelerometer. The resulting movement of the beam allows the user to test if the accelerometer is functional. The typical change in output is 750 mg (corresponding to 750 mV). This pin can be left opencircuit or connected to common in normal use. Never expose the ST pin to voltages greater than VS + 0.3 V. If the system design is such that this condition cannot be guaranteed (that is, multiple supply voltages are present), a low VF clamping diode between ST and VS is recommended.

Peak-to-peak noise values give the best estimate of the uncertainty in a single measurement; peak-to-peak noise is estimated by 6 rms. Table 9 gives the typical noise output of the ADXL103/ ADXL203 for various CX and CY values. Table 9. Filter Capacitor Selection (CX, CY)
Bandwidth (Hz) 10 50 100 500 CX, CY (F) 0.47 0.1 0.047 0.01 RMS Noise (mg) 0.4 1.0 1.4 3.1 Peak-to-Peak Noise Estimate (mg) 2.6 6 8.4 18.7

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Data Sheet
USING THE ADXL103/ADXL203 WITH OPERATING VOLTAGES OTHER THAN 5 V
The ADXL103/ADXL203 is tested and specified at VS = 5 V; however, it can be powered with VS as low as 3 V or as high as 6 V. Some performance parameters change as the supply voltage is varied. The ADXL103/ADXL203 output is ratiometric, so the output sensitivity (or scale factor) varies proportionally to the supply voltage. At VS = 3 V, the output sensitivity is typically 560 mV/g. The zero g bias output is also ratiometric, so the zero g output is nominally equal to VS/2 at all supply voltages. The output noise is not ratiometric but is absolute in volts; therefore, the noise density decreases as the supply voltage increases. This is because the scale factor (mV/g) increases while the noise voltage remains constant. At VS = 3 V, the noise density is typically 190 g/Hz. Self test response in g is roughly proportional to the square of the supply voltage. However, when ratiometricity of sensitivity is factored in with supply voltage, self test response in volts is roughly proportional to the cube of the supply voltage. So at VS = 3 V, the self test response is approximately equivalent to 150 mV or equivalent to 270 mg (typical). The supply current decreases as the supply voltage decreases. Typical current consumption at VDD = 3 V is 450 A.

ADXL103/ADXL203
USING THE ADXL203 AS A DUAL-AXIS TILT SENSOR
One of the most popular applications of the ADXL203 is tilt measurement. An accelerometer uses the force of gravity as an input vector to determine the orientation of an object in space. An accelerometer is most sensitive to tilt when its sensitive axis is perpendicular to the force of gravity, that is, parallel to the earths surface. At this orientation, its sensitivity to changes in tilt is highest. When the accelerometer is oriented on axis to gravity, that is, near its +1 g or 1 g reading, the change in output acceleration per degree of tilt is negligible. When the accelerometer is perpendicular to gravity, its output changes nearly 17.5 mg per degree of tilt. At 45, its output changes at only 12.2 mg per degree, and resolution declines.

Dual-Axis Tilt Sensor: Converting Acceleration to Tilt

When the accelerometer is oriented so both its x-axis and y-axis are parallel to the earths surface, it can be used as a 2-axis tilt sensor with a roll axis and a pitch axis. Once the output signal from the accelerometer has been converted to an acceleration that varies between 1 g and +1 g, the output tilt in degrees is calculated as PITCH = ASIN(AX/1 g) ROLL = ASIN(AY/1 g) Be sure to account for overranges. It is possible for the accelerometers to output a signal greater than 1 g due to vibration, shock, or other accelerations.

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ADXL103/ADXL203 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

0.203 0.197 SQ 0.193 0.020 0.015 0.010 (R 4 PLCS) 0.087 0.078 0.069 0.054 0.050 0.046
7

Data Sheet
0.030 0.025 0.020
(PLATING OPTION 1, SEE DETAIL A FOR OPTION 2)

0.028 0.020 DIA 0.012

1

0.180 0.177 SQ 0.174 R 0.008 (4 PLCS)

TOP VIEW

0.075 REF R 0.008 (8 PLCS) 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.077 0.070 0.063
DETAIL A (OPTION 2) 5 3

0.106 0.100 0.094

BOTTOM VIEW

0.019 SQ
05-21-2010-D

Figure 40. 8-Terminal Ceramic Leadless Chip Carrier [LCC] (E-8-1) Dimensions shown in inches

ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1, 2 ADXL103CE ADXL103CEREEL ADXL103WCEZB-REEL AD22035Z AD22035Z-RL AD22035Z-RL7 ADW22035Z ADW22035Z-RL ADW22035Z-RL7 ADXL203CE ADXL203CE-REEL ADXL203WCEZB-REEL ADXL203EB AD22293ZA ADW22293ZA AD22037Z AD22037Z-RL AD22037Z-RL7 ADW22037Z ADW22037Z-RL ADW22037Z-RL7
1 2

Axes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Device Generic ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL103 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203 ADXL203

g-Range 1.7 1.7 1.7 18 18 18 18 18 18 1.7 1.7 1.7 5 5 18 18 18 18 18 18

Specified Voltage (V) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Temperature Range 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C

Package Description 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC Evaluation Board 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC 8-Terminal Ceramic LCC

Package Option E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1 E-8-1

Z = RoHS Compliant Part. W = Qualified for Automotive Applications.

AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
The ADXL103W, ADW22035, ADXL203W, ADW22293, and ADW22037 models are available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of automotive applications. Note that these automotive models may have specifications that differ from the commercial models; therefore, designers should review the Specifications section of this data sheet carefully. Only the automotive grade products shown are available for use in automotive applications. Contact your local Analog Devices account representative for specific product ordering information and to obtain the specific Automotive Reliability reports for these models.
20042011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D03757-0-9/11(D)

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