1.

0 Introduction
Fire can be form from a chemical reaction called combustion. Usually, fire will spread very quickly around the buildings as fire will react with oxygen and make it grown bigger and spread widely. Knowing the characteristics of fire and understanding how it can spread can help Architect, ngineers and other professionals to formulate strategies on life safety and property protection in building design. Active fire protection is new systems that are installed at urban development to support the passive fire protection. As now a day new development using the modern and unique material, the application of active fire protection is need in each building. !herefore, this systems need to undergo spectacular inspection, testing and commissioning by a pointed parties. Architect, ngineers and building designers need to design this system according to the Uniform "uilding "y # laws $U""%& to produce standard design plan. !here are ' type of active fire protection() i. Portable fire extinguisher ) *ntended for the occupants to use to extinguish a fire during its early stages before the fire out of control. ii. External fire hydrant ) Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipework connected directly to the water supply mains to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water for the firemen to fight a fire. iii. Hose reels ) *ntended for the occupant to use during the early stages of a fire and comprises hose reel pumps, fire water storage tank, hose reels, pipe work and valve. iv. Dry risers )Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are only required for building where the topmost floor is higher than +'., m and less than ,-..m above the fire appliance access normally dry and depend on the fire engine to pump water into the system. v. Wet risers )Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water. 0equired for building where the topmost floor is higher than ,-..m above the fire appliance access
1

gets

level. /ry riser is

level.

vi. Downcomer system )Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water from a water tank located at the top of a building but without any pumps. /owncomers are only permitted for private residential buildings with open balcony approach and where the topmost floor is not higher than 1-m above the fire appliance access level and should be adopted for vii. Automatic sprinkler system )*ntended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants of the occurrence fire. !he installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets, heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipework and valves. viii. Automatic carbon dioxide extinguishing system )his system consists of carbon dioxide cylinders, steel piping, discharge no22les, heat and smoke detectors and a control panel, which monitors the space, activates both visual and audio alarms before releasing the gas. of low cost flats only.

sprinkler

2.0 Parties Involved Under Inspection, Testing And Commissioning On Active Fire Protection S stem To Compl !it" Certi#icate O# Completion And Compliance $CCC%.
/efinition of 333 *n April 4--5, the 6overnment had launched the improvement to the building delivery system to enhance the competitiveness of 7alaysia globally. !his includes the issuance of the 3ertificate of 3ompletion and 3ompliance $333& by 8rofessional Architects and 8rofessional ngineers as well as "uilding /raughtsman registered with the "oard of Architects 7alaysia $%A7& to replace the 3ertificate of Fitness for 9ccupation $3F9& issued by the local authorities. !his new system is an effort towards self)certification and self) regulation approach in the construction industry. !he 333 will be issued by the professional Architect or 8rofessional ngineer who are register with the respective "oard of Architect 7alaysia $"A7& or "oard of ngineer 7alaysia$" 7& acting in the capacity of 8rincipal :ubmitting 8erson$8:8&.For buildings which require intensive design input, the 8rofessional Architect will function as the 8:8 while the 8rofessional engineering input in the nature. For bungalows which do not exceed 4 floors in height and ,-- square meters in total built up floor area, the registered "uilding /raughtsman will be perform the role of 8:8 and will issue the 333. !his is in keeping with the Architect Act +<15. !he 333 can only be issued when all the parties concerned are satisfied that the building construction have been supervised and completed in full compliance with the provisions of the law and technical conditions as imposed by the %ocal Authority$%A& in approving the 8lanning 8ermission and "uilding 8lan. 8:8 is responsible to obtain clearance from 1 technical agencies that will do inspection, testing and commissioning on the building that is( ) &a'atan (om'a dan Pen elamat )ala sia. ) =abatan Kesihatan dan Keselamatan 8eker;a$=KK8& ) =abatan Ker;a 0aya$=K0&>8ihak "erkuasa !empatan$8"!& ) !enaga ?asional "erhad $!?"& ) =abatan 8erkhidmatan 8embentungan$=88&>:uruhan;aya 8erkhidmatan Air ?egara$:8A?& ) =abatan "ekalan Air$="A&
3

ngineer will be 8:8 for pro;ects with high

*.0 Terminologies
@ith the implementation of the 333 system, a number of new terminologies were introduced. a. +Principal su'mitting person, $PSP% refers to a qualified person who submits building plans to the %A for approval. *t includes any other qualified person who takes over the duties and responsibilities of 8:8A b. +Su'mitting person, $SP% means a qualified person, and any other qualified person taking over his duties and responsibilities , who submits plans other than building plans to the %A or relevant statutory authorityA c. +-uali#ied person, means a 8rofessional Architect, 8rofessional /raughtsman registered with the bodies relating to their registrationA d. +(uilding plan, means plans that include site plans, key plans, floor plans, building sections and elevationsA e. +Tec"nical conditions, refer to those conditions relating to the issues of health and safety of the building as well as essential services provided for the buildingA f. +Stage certi#ication, is a process introduced under the 333 system where the completion and compliance of every building component are required to be certified by the professionals and contractors who are responsible for the completion of the particular component. !his certification process is carried out in stage according to the progress of constructionA g. +.on/tec"nical conditions, refer to those conditions imposed by the %3 in approving the 8lanning 8ermission and "uilding 8lan that are usually intended to fulfill certain social development needs. !hese conditions are either inside or outside of the approved layout plan. Among the non)technical conditions commonly imposed include that of "umiputera quota, construction of low)cost housing in mixed housing development and contribution for the provision of public amenities. *n the 333 system, the 8:8 is not responsible for ensuring compliance to the non)technical conditions h. +.otice o# vacant possession, is the notice issued by the seller, which is the developer, informing the buyer to take possession of the said propertyA and i. +0acant possession, is issued by the seller allowing the buyer to take possession of the property sub;ect to the construction being due completed as certified by the Architect for the buyer, water and
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ngineer or registered "uilding

electrical supplies having been connected to the said building, the buyer having made full payment under the law and that for housing it is accompanied with the 333

B.- 3ertificated of completion and compliance issuing process

1.0 2uties o# Parties Involve

3ocal Aut"orit *ncluding 8"! $8ihak "erkuasa !empatan&, "omba, =KK8, =K0, !?", =88, :8A?, ="A main roles of parties involve in issues of 333 $3ertificated of 3ompletion and compliance& following that( !o approve the planning permission !o approve the building plan !o conduct on)site inspection on own initiative or in response to complanints !o issue notice to 8:8 to take action on any matter not in compliance with the provisions of law and the technical conditions imposed in the planning permission and building plan. !o issue notice to the 8:8 to withhold the issuance of 333 until the non)compliance have been rectified. !o issue the notice to 8:8 if non)compliance occurs but not reported to the %A. !o charge the professional in court and report to the professional board for any wrong doing !o charge the parties who have provided false certificated in the form specified in the U""% 4--5 !o ensure that the safety of building exceeding . floor and aging +- years from the date 333 is issue are inspected every +- years. PSP $Principal Su'mitting Person% *ts qualified person including professional architect, professional engineer, or registered building draughtsman registered they duties as following that( :ubmit the building plan to the %A for approval using form A 3oordinate the preparation commence and submission of other plans beside building plans *nform the %A though form " to construction operation at site

!o supervise construction works at the site and ensure that the provision of the law and technical conditions imposed are complied with report, and explain the reasons.

:ubmit notice for the resumption of work through form " to the %A :ubmit the 333 to the owner or developer and copy of the said certificated to the %A and the relevant 8rofessional "oard.

4.0 T pe O# Active Fire S stem 4.1 Porta'le Fire 56tinguis"er

8ortable fire extinguishers are the elementary fire equipment used for the first aid fire fighting during the initial fire incident to prevent escalation of fire to the full scale. !he portable fire extinguishers should be selected based on three criteria( i. !ype of fire accordance to the classification ii.!he fire si2e iii. 8laced at the suitable location in close proximity to the potential fire ha2ard !here are four types of portable extinguishers for use against the appropriate class of fire. a& @ater type suitable for class A fires b& /ry powder type suitable for 3lass A, " and 3 fires c& 3arbon dioxide type suitable for 3lass electrical fires

d& Foam type suitable for 3lass " flammable liquid fires Under the Uniform "uilding "y)%aws +<'B, the requirement for fire extinguishers is stipulated under "y) %aw 445. 8ortable fire extinguishers should comply with the following 7alaysian :tandards( 7.:.++5< ( :pecification for portable fire extinguishers 7.:.++'- ( Fire extinguisherCs media 7.:.++'+ ( 0echarging fire extinguishers 7.:.++'4 ( 3lassification of fires 7.: .+.,< ( :pecification for portable fire extinguishers $8art +( 3onstruction and test methodology 7.: .+.,< ( :pecification for portable fire extinguishers $8art ,( :election and application ) 3ode of practice

7.: .+.,< ( :pecification for portable fire extinguishers $8art B( 7aintenance of portable fire extinguishers ) 3ode of practice

Inspection7 3heck to ensure that the extinguisher is in a proper location and that it is accessible $generally located along exit routes besides exit doors and staircase door&. *nspect the discharge no22le or horn for obstructions. 3heck for cracks and dirt or grease accumulations. *nspect extinguisher shell for any physical damage. 3heck to see if the operating instructions on the extinguisher nameplate are legible. 3heck the lock pins and tamper seals to ensure that the extinguisher has not been tampered with.

/etermine if the extinguisher is full of agent and fully pressuri2ed by checking the pressure gauge, weighing the extinguisher, or inspecting the agent level. *f an extinguisher is found to be deficient in weight by +-percent, it should be removed from service and replaced.

3heck the inspection tag for the date of the previous inspection, maintenance, or recharging. xamine the condition of the hose and its associated fittings

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Testing and commissioning are made ' t"e

manu#acturer7

Fire xtinguisher

3hecked by ="87

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8ressure 6auge

0isual inspection c"ec8list7 3ylinder body should be red with medium colour coded in respective colour All label marking wordings, diagrams and pictograms shall be in white colour and shall be fully visible from the font %abel should carry :*0*7 product certificate logo xtinguishers shall have valid Fire and 0escue /epartment Approval %etter ach extinguishers shall have a valid Fire and 0escue /epartment D+, certificate xtinguishers meter indication should indicate adequate pressure $6reen Eone& within the cylinder 3ylinder body and valve should be rust free :afety pin should be in place and secured /ischarge Dose should have no cracks
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4.2 56ternal Fire 9 drant

Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipe work connected directly to the water supply mains to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water for the firemen to fight a fire. !he water is discharged into the fire engine from which it is not reliable or inadequate, hydrant pumps should be provided to pressuri2e the fire mains. !he requirement for fire hydrant is described under "y)%aws 44.$4& and 44.$,& of the Uniform "uilding "y)%aws +<'B and the relevant standards are as follows( *. **. ".:..,-1 8art + or the equivalent 7alaysian :tandard 7.:. +,<. ( :pecification for pillar hydrant
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!ater supplies Inspection7 *ncoming water supply connection "e refilled automatically from a water supply pipe capable of providing a minimum flowrate of +4-- liters per min. 3apacity of water tanks !he fire water storage tank should be si2ed for a minimum effective capacity of +,.,--- litre 3ompartment of water tanks, and where applicable. Dydrant tank usually separate from other water storage tanks but may be combined with water storage tanks for other fire fighting systems. "reeching inlet. A four way breeching inlet should also be provided to enable the fire brigade to help refill the tank.

Testing and Commissioning 8ump operating pressure and flow rate !he running pressure of not less than B bars or more than 5 bars, for any three hydrant operating at the same time. 8ump not overheating 8ump room should be ventilated by natural or mechanical. Fibration and noise level !esting of electrical wiring system Alternative power supply for electric pumps lectrical cabling should be run in conduit or fire rated type of cable.
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outlets

"atteries for diesel pumps :hould be maintenance free type. Fuel for diesel pumps Fuel supply should be adequate for minimum 4 hours operation.

9 drant and Accessories 8illar hydrant should comply with 7.:. +,<. and located at not less than 1 metres from the building and not more than ,-m away from the entrance to the building. Dydrant outlets are typically of twin or , outlets pillar type with an underground sluice valve. @here these are installed within the ownerCs boundry, each should provided with ,-m of 1.mm diameter rubber lined hose, instantaneous coupling and no22les, all housed within a steel cabinet beside the hydrant.

Inspection7 :pacing of the hydrant Dydrant are spaced at not more than <- meters apart along access roads of minimum 1 width and capable of withstanding a load of 41 tons from fire brigade vehicles. 8hysical condition of hydrant, hoses and accessories. Dydrant hose usually rubber)lined, should be provided complete with no22les at each outlet. meters in

Testing and Commissioning7 8ressure and flow characteristics. 3apable of providing +--- l>min of water at a minimum running pressure of B bars but not exceeding 5 bars. Pipe :or8 Inspection7 !ypes of pipes used

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!he piping is usually of cement lined steel pipe. Dowever, piping of Acrylonitrile "utadiece :tyrene$A":& material may also been used especially where corrosion is a ma;or concern. Testing and Commissioning7 Dydrostatic testing and pipework %ocate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. tested to a pressure of +B bars or +.-G working pressure, whichever is the higher for 4 measured at the furthest hydrant. Flushing of pipework Dydrant flushing plays an important role in the operation and maintenance of a water system. Dydrant flushing also provides an opportunity to check the volume of water as well as pressure that is available at each hydrant. !he hydrantCs mechanical operation is also checked to ensure it will be in working order when needed Fire Fighters depend on properly life and death in an emergency situation. working hydrants with adequate pressure and water flow. A stuck or poor flowing hydrant could literally make the difference between distribution hours,

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xternal Fire Dydrant

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8ressuri2ed Dydrant :ystem !ypical Arrangement /rawing

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19

2esign c"ec8list A& At least one hydrant is provided at location not more than <+.. m from the nearest point of fire brigade access. b& A minimum flow rate of .-- litres>minute at running preassure of B to 5 bars is maintained at each of the hydrant outlet when three numbers of the furthest hydrant are used c& @ater source ( 8ump suction tank 8ublic water main 9thers HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

d& @ater tank capacity( HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHmI e& @ater supply duration ( HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHhours

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4.* 9ose ;ail S stem

Dose reel system is intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of a fire and comprises hoses reel pumps, fire water storage tank, hose reels, pipe work and valves. !he requirement for hose reel system is detailed under the !enth :chedule of the Uniform "uilding "y) %aws +<'B. !he applicable standards for hose reel systems are following( *. **. ***. *F. ": .,-1 8art + or the equivalent 7alaysia standard 7.: +B'< ( Dydrant system, hose reels and foam inlets 7.: +BB5 ( Dose reels with semi)rigid hose 7.: +B''( :emi)rigid hoses for first aid fixed installation.

!ater Supplies Inspection7 3apacity of water tanks !he fire storage tank should be si2e based on 445. liters for the first hose reel and ++,5.. liters for every additional hose reel up to a maximum of <+-- liters for each system. 7onitoring of water tank level. 3ompartment and water level indicator should be provided, and minimum flow rate of +.- l>min. Fortex inhibitors for water tanks.

Pipe !or8 Inspection7 !ype of pipes used

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8ipe work for hose reel system is generally .-mm nominal diameter and the feed to individual hose reel should be not less than 4.mm diameter. :hould be galvani2ed steel medium grade $class "& minimum for above ground piping and heavy grade $class 3& for underground piping. 8rotection of underground pipe work 8ainting of pipe work !he pipes should be painted with primer and finished with red paint. :upport for pipe work 8ipe sleeves Fire seal

Testing and commissioning7 a& Dydrostatic testing and pipe work %ocated leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. b& Flushing of pipe work 8ipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problem with valve.

9ose reel and Accessories Inspection7 *solating valve for hose reel 8hysical condition of hose reel drum, hose, no22les, etc !he rubber hoses should be to pr recommended si2e.
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? 1<B and are typically ,-mm in length and 4.mm in

diameter. ?o22les should be of the ;et and spray ad;ustable type of different diameters but 'mm is

Testing and commissioning7 Dose reel performance test ach hose reel outlet is to discharge a minimum of ,- l>min of water within 1m of all parts of the space protection.

Pump Inspection7 8rotection of rotating parts of pump sets !he hose reel pumps draw water from the fire water storage tank and two sets pumps, one on duty and the other on standby, are provided. Testing and Commissioning7 8ump operating pressure and flow rate !he pump capacity is usually si2ed to deliver a flow rate of +4- l>min at a running pressure of not less than 4 bars for any four hose reels operating at the same time. 8ump not overheating 8ump room should be ventilated by natural or mechanical. !esting of electrical wiring system lectrical cabling supply power to the hose reel pump should be run in galvani2ed steel conduit or fire rated type of cable.
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Alternative power supply for electric pumps mergency generator "atteries for diesel engine should be maintenance free type.

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Dose 0eel :ystem !ypical Arrangement /rawing

Dose 0eel Doses, ?o22les and 8ump

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4.< 2r ;iser S stem

/ry riser are a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are only required for building where the top most floor is higher than +'.,m and than ,-..m above the fire appliance access level. /ry risers are normally dry and depend on the fire engine to pump water into the system. /ry riser system comprises a riser pipe with landing valves to each floor and to which rubber)linned hose with no22les can be connected to direct the water ;et at the fire. "reaching inlets into which the firemen pump water are provided at ground level and connected to the bottom of the dry risers. *n the Uniform "uilding "y)%aws +<'B, pertaining to dry riser are "y)%aws 4,- and 4,4. !he relevant standards for dry riser are( *. **. ***. *F. ".: .,-1( 8art + or the equivalent 7alaysia standard. 7.: +4+-( 8art 4 landing valves for dry risers 7.: +4+-( 8art , inlet breaching for riser inlets 7.: +4+-( 8art B boxes for landing valves for dry riser

!ater Supplies Inspection7 !wo way breeching inlet for a +--mm diameter B way breeching inlet for a +.-mm diameter %ocated not more than +'m from the fire appliance access road and not more than ,-m from the nearest external hydrant outlet. 3anding 0alves Inspection7 %ocation of valves !hey are usually located within fire access lobbies, protected staircase or other protected lobbies, and installed at not more than -.5.m above floor level.
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3aps for outlet of landing valves.

Pipe !or8 Usually located within the fire access lobby or staircase should be +.-mm if the highest outlet is more than 4,m above the breeching inlet. 9therwise, the riser pipe can be +--mm in diameter. Inspection7 !ype of pipes used !he riser should be of galvani2ed iron to $heavy gauge& or class 3, tested to 4+ bars. 8rotection underground pipe work 8ainting of pipe work !he pipes should be painted with primer and finished with red paint. :upport of pipe work 8ipe sleeves Fire seal

Testing and commissioning7 Dydrostatic testing and pipe work %ocated leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. !ested to a pressure of +B bars 4 hours. Flushing of pipe work 8ipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problem with valves.

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3ross :ection Fiew of /ry 0iser :ystem

%anding Falve /ry 0iser :ystem

!wo @ay and Four @ay "reeching *nlet

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4.1 !et ;iser S stem

@et risers are a form of internal for the firemen to use and are always charged with water. @et riser are only required for building where the topmost floor is higher than ,-..m above the fire appliance access level. @et rises system comprises duty fire pump with standby pump discharging into a +.-mm diameter riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and which rubber)linned hose with no22les can be connected to direct the water ;et at the fire. A ;ockey pump * usually provide to maintain system pressure. For high rise building, each stage of the wet riser should not exceed 5+m. !he requirement for wet riser system are described in Uniform "uilding "y)%aw +<'B under "y)%aws 4,+,4,4 and 4B'. 9ther applicable standard are( *. **. ***. *F. ".: .,-1( 8art +, or equivalent 7alaysia standard 7.: +4+-( 8art + landing valves for wet riser 7.: +4+-( 8art , inlet breeching for riser inlets 7.: +4+-( 8art B boxes for landing valves for dry risers

!ater Supplies Inspection7 3apacity of water tank !he storage water tank should be si2ed for minimum effective capacity of B.,.-- liters with automatic refill rate of B.. l>min. the intermediate break tank for upper stages of the wet riser should be not less than ++,,5. liter with an automatic make up flow +,1. l>min %ocation of water tanks @ater wet riser tanks may be located on the ground floor, first or second basement. *t usually separated from other water storage tanks. "ut it may be combined with hose reel tank, in which case the tank capacity should be the total sum of water storage for both systems. 7onitory of water tank level
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"all float valves, over flow pipes, drain pipes and water level indicator should be provided for each component. Fortex inhibitor for water tanks "reeching inlet !he breeching inlet should be a B way type complying, where the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure.

3anding 0alves and Accessories Inspection7 %ocation of landing valve %anding valves are provided on each floor and should comply. !hey are usually located within fire fighting access lobbies, protected staircases or other protected lobbies and installed at not more that -.5.m from the floor. :torage of fire hose, accessories 8hysical condition of fire hose, accessories and landing valve Fire hose of the rubber lined type of not less than ,'mm dia. ,-mm in length, complete with 1.mm diameter quick coupling, ;et and spray no22le should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve. 3aps for outlet of landing.

Testing and commissioning7 8ressure at landing valve outlet :hould not be less than B bars but not more than 5 bars. !wo types of landing valve that is pressure reducing type with or without relief outlet. Flow rate of water
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!hree ways landing valve should be provided on the top most floor for testing purpose. *tCs to measure the flow rate.

Pipe :or8 Inspection7 !ype of pipe used @here more than one riser is required for each floor, the distance apart between the lowest and topmost landing valve in any riser should galvani2ed iron to $heavy gauge& or class 3. where a relief pipe is required, this return pipe shall be minimum +--mm diameter galvani2ed iron to $medium gauge& or class ", discharging back to the wet riser tank wherever possible. An air release valve should be installed at the top of riser to relieve air trapped in the system. 8rotection under pipe work 8ainting of pipe work !he pipes should be painted with primer and finished with res paint :upport for pipe work 8ipe sleeves Fire seal

Testing and commissioning7 Dydrostatic testing and pipe work

31

%ocate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. Flushing pipe is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problems with valves. Pumps !he wet riser pumps draw water from wet riser storage tank and two sets of pumps, one is duty and the other on standby, are provided. Inspection7 8rotection of rotating parts 7ounting of pumps

Testing and commissioning7 8ump operating pressure and flow rate !he pump capacity is usually si2ed to deliver a flow rate of +.-- l>min at a running pressure of not less than B bars but not more than 5 bars, when any three landing valves are in use at the same time. 8ump not overheating 8ump room should also be ventilated by natural or mechanical means and to be provided with necessary signage. Fibration and noise level 8rovided room or protect with curtain. !esting of electrical wiring system

32

lectrical cabling to supply power to the wet riser pumps should be of mineral insulated cooper core $7*33& or fire rated type. Alternative power supply for electric pumps mergency generator. "atteries for diesel pump :hould be free maintenance type Fuel for diesel pump :hould be adequate minimum 4 hours of continuous operation.

@et 0iser 8ump

Doses 3radle

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Fire water tank

4.4

2o:ncomer S stem
/owncomers are also a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water from water from a water tank located at the top of a building but without any pumps. /owncomers are only permitted for private residential buildings with open balcony approach and where the topmost floor is not higher than 1-m above the fire appliance access level and should be adopted for low cost flats only. /owncomer system comprises a high level water storage tank discharging into a +.-mm diameter riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which rubber lined hose with no22les can be connected to

34

direct the water ;et at the fire. ?o pumps are provided and therefore the system pressure is limited to the static pressure only. !he section in the Uniform "uilding "y)%aws +<'B, relating to downcomer systems is the !enth :chedule and relevant standards for downcomer systems are( *. **. ***. 7.: +4+- ( 8art + # %anding Falves for @et 0isers 7.: +4+- ( 8art , # *nlet "reeching for 0iser *nlets 7.: +4+- ( 8art B # "oxes for %anding Falves for /ry 0isers

!ater supplies Inspection7 3apacity of water tanks !he fire water storage tank should be si2ed for a minimum effective capacity of B.,.-- litres. %ocation of water tanks, and where applicable. %ocated at the roof :eparate with other tank, however it may be combined with hose reel tank in which case the tank capacity should be sum total of water storage for both system.

"reeching inlet. !he fire brigade breeching inlets into which the firemen pump water are provided at the bottom of the riser at the ground floor so that the firemen can pump water into the downcomer system. !he breeching inlet should be a B way type complying with 7.:. +4+-( 8art ,. @here the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should comply with 7.:. +4+-( 8art . and labeled J/owncomer *nletC. A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after use.

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Testing and Commissioning Flow rate and pressure of water supplies Automatic refill rate of B.. l>min. 3anding 0alves and Accessories !wo sets of fire hose of the rubber lined type of not less than ,'mm dia., ,-m in length, complete with 1.mm dia. quick coupling, ;et and spray no22le should be provided at the caretakerCs unit or management office. Inspection7 %ocation of landing valves %anding valves are provided on each floor and should comply with 7.: +4+-( 8art +. !hey are usually located within fire fighting access lobbies, protected staircase or other protected lobbies and installed at not more than -.5.m from the floor. !o protect the landing valves, boxes can be provided and these should comply with 7.:.+4+- ( 8art B. :torage of fire hose and accessories %ocated at caretaker unit or management office. 8hysical condition of fire hose, accessories and landing valve. 3aps for outlet of landing valves

Pipe:or8 !he downcomer mains are usually located within smoke free lobbies or protected areas and such that each downcomer should cover no more than <--m4 of floor area. @here more than one riser is required for each floor, the distance apart between the risers should not exceed 1-m. Inspection7
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!ypes of pipes used !he riser pipe diameter should be +.-mm galvani2ed iron to ".:.+,'5$heavy gauge& or 3lass 3. an air release valve should be installed at the top of the riser to relieve air trapped in the system.

8ainting of pipe work 3oated with primer and finished with red gloss paint. :upport for pipe work

Testing and Commissioning7 Dydrostatic testing and pipe work 8ressure at +B bars or +.-G the working pressure, whichever is the higher for 4 hours, measured at the inlet and check is carried out for leakage at the ;oints and landing valve connections. %ocate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. Flushing of pipe work 8ipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problems with valve.

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@ater :torage !ank

"reeching *nlet !wo @ay And Four @ay

%anding Falve

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4.= Automatic Sprin8ler S stem

An automatic sprinkler system is intended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants of the occurrence of fire. !he installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets, sprinkler heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipework and valves. !he system operates automatically without human intervention. !he sprinkler head has a liquid filled glass filled glass bulb that breaks due to the heat of the fire and releases water that sprays over the fire. !here are various type of sprinkler systems ( i. @et pipe installation !he pipework is filled with water and ready to discharge once the sprinkler bulb breaks. ii. /ry pipe installation !he pipe is always filled with air under pressure. Air is released when the sprinkler bulb breaks and water fill the pipe and is discharge at the sprinkler head. iii. 8re action installation !he pipe works is charged with air under pressure and a valve is opened to fill the system with water when the fire is detected by smoke or heat detector. iv. /eluge installation !he sprinkler head is normally has no bulb and water is discharge simultaneously from all the head when fire is detected and the deluge valve is opened. Under the Uniform "uilding "y)%aws +<'B, "y)%aws 441 and 44' refer to the requirements for sprinkler systems. !he accepted standards for automatic sprinkler installation are( %83 0ules for Automatic :prinklers, U.K ".: .,-1 ( 8art 4 # :pecification for :prinkler systems

*n addition to the above, the other standards may be accepted by the Fire and 0escue /epartment 7alaysia but prior approval must be obtained. :ome of the standards which have been accepted are( ".: ? +4'B. ( 4--, # Automatic :prinkler system # /esign, installation and maintance. ?F8A +, Australian :td A.:. 4++' Factory 7utual

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!ater supplies

Inspection7 3apacity of sprinkler tanks. :torage of sprinkler tank not dependent on inflow should have a minimum effective capacity depending on the ha2ard classification and the height of the lowest to the highest sprinkler not exceeding as defined in ".: .,-1 ( 8art 4. 3ompartmentation of sprinkler tanks !he nominal pressure and flow requirements depend on the height measured between the topmost and bottommost sprinkler head. 7onitoring of water tank level. Fortex inhibitors for water tanks 8rotection of rotating parts of pump sets !he sprinkler pumps draw water from sprinkler storage tank to feed the sprinkler network. !wo sets of pumps, one on duty and the other on standby, are provided together with a ;ockey pump to maintain system pressure. 7ounting of pump sets. "reeching inlet. "reeching inlets are provided so that the firemen can pump water into the sprinkler tank to make up for water used. !he breeching inlet should be a B way type complying with 7.:.+4+-( 8art ,. @here the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should comply with 7.:.+4+-( 8art . and labeled J:prinkler *nletC.

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Testing and Commissioning 8ump operating pressure and flow rate :prinkler pump capacity should be selected to meet the duties defined in ".:..,-1 ( 8art 4 for the various classes of ha2ards. 8ump not overheating :hould be ventilated by natural or mechanical means. Fibration and noise level 8rovide room or seal with curtain. !esting of electrical wiring system lectrical cabling to supply power to sprinkler pumps should be of mineral insulated copper core $7*33& or fire rated type routed within areas with low fire risk. Alternative power supply for electric pumps mergency generator "atteries for diesel pump :hould be free maintenance type. Fuel for diesel pumps Fuel supply should be adequate for minimum B hours of continuous operation for 9rdinary Da2ard and 1 hours for Digh Da2ard applications. Automatic operation of pumps

Sprin8ler 9eads Inspection7 Area of coverage 7aximum and minimum distance between sprinklers 7aximum and minimum distance between from walls>partitions /istance from beams, columns and other obstructions 9bstruction below sprinklers /epth and combustibility of ceiling void
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3lear space below sprinklers 8hysical condition of sprinkler heads :prinkler heads are generally of the conventional pendant or upright type. !emperature rating of sprinkler heads !he temperature rating of the bulb is selected based on minimum ,-K3 above the maximum ambient temperature of the space protected. !ypically, this will result in a nominal temperature rating of 1'K3. in kitchen areas, the sprinkler heads should have a temperature rating of 5<K3. :prinkler guards :pare sprinklers and sprinkler spanners

Pipe:or8 Inspection7 !ypes of pipes used :prinkler pipework shall be of black steel or galvani2ed iron to ".:.+,'5 $7edium gauge& 3lass " minimum while underground pipework should be heavy gauge of 3lass 3. 8ipes of si2es '-mm and below should be installed with screw ;oints and only pipes +--mm and above may be welded. @elding procedures and materials shall be in accordance with ".:.41B- and ".:.4<5+ and should be carried out by qualified welders. 0adiographic tests should be carried out where doubts exist. Alternatively, mechanical coupling can be used for ;ointing for all pipe si2es up to 4.-mm. 8rotection of underground pipework 8ainting of pipework 3oated with primer and finished with red gloss paint. ?umber of sprinklers installed on range and distribution pipes. 8ipe hangers and supports for pipework 8ipe sleeves Fire seal Flow switches !otal length of pipework between alarm valve and water alarm gong
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grooved

Testing and commissioning7 Flushing of pipework 8ipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the and help to uncover potential problems with valves :pray pattern of sprinkler Alarm gong operating Flow switches test ach 2one should be tested by opening the isolation valve on the test line. !he flow switch for that 2one should indicate an alarm on the fire alarm panel. Eone monitoring $tamper switch& :tatic pressure test !he system should first be flushed to clear all debris from the inside of the riser. !he riser is then hydraulically tested to a pressure of +B bars or +.-G the working pressure, whichever is the higher for 4Bhours. %ocate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels system,

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"oxes
44

Flow :witch

:prinkler 6uard

:i2e of :prinkler Dead

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!ypes of :prinkler Dead :prinkler

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:prinkler :ystem !ypical Arrangement.

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4.> Automatic Car'on 2io6ide 56tinguis"ing S stem

3arbon /ioxide extinguishing system consists of carbon dioxide cylinders, steel piping, discharge no22les, heat and smoke detector and a control panel, which monitors the space, activates both visual and audio alarms before releasing the gas. !he carbon dioxide is discharged after a time delay upon detection of fire to warn any occupant to evacuate the room. :uch system is usually provided for electrical transformer rooms, swicthrooms and standby generator rooms and should not be installed for rooms, which are normally occupied. !he relevant clause in the Uniform "uilding "y)%aws +<'B, relating to carbon dioxide extinguishing systems is "y)%aw 4,. and the applicable standard is( 7: +.<- (4--, C linders All cylinders supplying the same manifold outlet for distribution of agent should be interchangeable and of one selected si2e. Inspection7 3apacity of cylinders A reliable means of indication by weighing should be provided to determine the amount of gas in the cylinders. !he 3arbon /ioxide gas is stored in cylinders designed to hold the gas in liquefied form at ambient temperatures. 3ylinders should be suitable for a working pressure of .< bars at 4+3 and pressure tested at 44' bars.

@here more than three cylinders are required,

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8ilot cylinders A pilot cylinder should be provided to active the discharge from each cylinder. %ocation of cylinders 6as cylinders should be located outside of the ha2ard which it protects wherever possible. Dowever, the risk of vandalism should also be taken into consideration.

Flexible hoses :afety valve :upport bracket @eighing facility ach system should have a permanent name plate specifying the number, filling weight and the pressuri2ation level of the cylinders.

Pipe:or8 Inspection7 !ypes of pipes used !he material of piping and fittings, etc. for the installation of the system must be of non) combustible heat resisting and must have capacity to maintain its own shape in room temperature during the outbreak of fire. All piping should be of A8* :chedule B->'- steel pipe. Flexible piping, tubing or hoses $including connection& where used should be able to withstand the pressure ratings. 8ainting of pipework :upport for pipework 8ipe sleeves Fire seal ?o22les

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Testing and commissioning7 8neumatic testing of pipework 8neumatic leak testing at low pressure followed by hydraulic pressure testing /ue to the inherent dangers associated with pneumatic testing using compressed air or inert gas, a responsible person must be in charge of this operation at all times. !his person should direct the preparations and supervise the application of the test by working to a pre)prepared written plan based on the risk assessment. A written record of the test showing the system designed working pressure, the test pressure and duration should be kept and, at the conclusion of the test, this person must verify that the system is safely depressurised and ready for safe operation at the design working pressure. 8neumatic leak test procedure nsure that all rooms through which the piping passes are cleared of people, then pressurise the system to the leak test pressure $normally 4-m bar, but a pressure of up to -..bar could be used&. @ait at least +- minutes, checking the gauge for pressure drop, and if necessary JwalkC the route of the piping under test checking for leaks using leak detecting fluid. 9nce the leak test is passed, release the air pressure slowly and then carry out the normal hydraulic test.

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2etectors !he automatic detection is usually by means of either heat or smoke detectors. !he detectors should be resistant to corrosion. Inspection7 physical condition of detector conduit for all wiring

Testing and commissioning7 Panel !he system control panel should indicate the operation of the system, ha2rds to personnel, or failure of any supervised device and complying with 7.:. +B-B and ".:. 545,. A positive alarm and indicator should be provided to show that the system has operate Inspection7 8rotection of panel 7ounting of panel /etector test lectrical wiring test *nterfacing of detectors and control panel

Testing and commissioning7 % / test + 2one alarm test 4 2one alarm test /ischarge test Fault test
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3onnection to main fire alarm

Accessories Alarm should be provided to give warning of a discharge or pending discharge where a ha2ard to personnel may exist. Alarms indicating failure of supervised devices or equipment should give prompt and positive indication of any failure and should be distinctive from alarms indicating operational ha2ardous conditions. @arning and instruction signs should be installed at entrances to and inside protected areas at prominent positions. Inspection7 S stem !he quantity of extinguishing agent should be sufficient to ensure rapid extinction of any fire in the protected areas and with adequate spare capacity. !est should go under( Testing and Commissioning7 :imulated automatic discharge test :imulated manual discharge test Actual discharge test "racket support during actual discharge test Flashing lights !ripping devices :ignage Fisible and audible alarms lectrical and mechanical manual activation.

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2esign C"ec8list a& Da2ard type( Flammable liquid materials lectical ha2ard 9rdinary combustibles $paper, wood,textile& Da2ards solids 9thers (HHHHHHHHHH

b& !ype of fire to be protected from( /eep seated fire $ solid sub;ect to smouldering& :urface fie $ flammable liquid, gas and solids& 9thers ( HHHHHHHHH

c& !ype of protection !otal flooding system Folume to be protected ( HHHHHHHHHmI /esign carbon dioxide concetration ( HHHHHHHHHH G Folume factor (HHHHHHHHHH Flooding factor (HHHHHHHHH :ystem discharge rate (HHHHHHHHHHkg>minute

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Automatic Fire 3urtain

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3ontrol 8anel and *ndicator %ights

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3arbon /ioxide 3ylinder and 8ilot cylinder

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=.0 Conclusion
Fire protection system in building is most of importance requirement to secure the safety of the occupants. 6ood system design according to the requirements can reduce the risk of accidents and deaths involving occupants in the buildings. Fire protection system usually apply in 7alaysia usually refer Uniform "uilding "y %aws +<'B, which is stated more detail and requirement need for construct building in 7alaysia and other parties refer its =abatan "omba dan 8enyelamat requirement to provided approval fire protection system in building. Dowever now they are having new procedure approval which 333 $3ertificate of 3ompliance and 3ompliance& before this is 3F9 $3ertificate of Fitness for 9ccupation&, 333 L 3ertificate of 3ompletion and 3ompliance M is building certificates issued by the professional as a 8rofessional Architect registered with %A7 , a registered 8rofessional ngineer with " 7 and > or registered "uilding /raughtsman with %A7 as 8rincipal :ubmitting 8erson L the 8rincipal :ubmitting 8erson N 8:8 M as has been defined or provided by the :treet, /rainage and "uilding $Amendment 4--5& $ Act A+4'1 ) which is an Act to amend the :treet , /rainage and "uilding Act +<5B & , the %aw of the Uniform "uilding +<'B L 0evised 4--5 M L U""% M , which is responsible for overseeing the construction process , to verify the completed building is safe and fit for occupation in which its construction is in full compliance with the provisions of the law, approved building plan and also the conditions set by the local authority approval stage plans . !his interpretation aims to distinguish between the roles of professionals with parties such as contractors or other professionals involved in the pro;ect. :*7U%!A? 9U: or 333 can be issued together with the production Facant 8ossession ?otice $ ?otice of Facant 8ossession & ) !his will shorten the waiting time to enter the building by the owner > buyer of the building.

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