Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ISDB-T,
Masayuki TAKADA
Contents
1. Introduction 2. Transmission scheme of ISDB-T
Digital modulation OFDM Interleaving Hierarchical transmission
3. 4. 5. 6.
Comparison of 3 DTTB systems Current services of ISDB-T in Japan ISDB-T receivers on the market Summary
2
1. Introduction
Requirements for DTTB, and features of ISDB-T History and schedule of ISDB-T
DTTB (Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting) ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial)
Developed in Japan
5
TV station
Home Receiver
1 segment Handheld Reception 13 or 1 segment Mobile Reception diversity reception
Handheld terminal
Receiver in Vehicle
6
Multiple programs
Data broadcasting
Mobility
Merits
2
Interactive TV
ISDB-T started (at main cities of the whole country) One-Seg service started
2000 ISDB-T recommended in ITU-R 1999 ISDB-T technical standard established in Japan
1994
End of 1980' Technical requirements for DTTB studied at Council OFDM study started in NHK Labs.
8
Digitalization
Compression
Digital modulation
Transmission
Source decoding
Digital demodulation
13
Mobile reception
Handheld reception
Digital modulation
In the case of digital modulation, amplitude, frequency or phase of carrier changes digitally depend on digital data ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) 1 0 1 0
modulate carrier amplitude
Constellations
BPSK
Q
[C] [01]
QPSK
Q
A
8PSK
[C1 C0] [00]
Q
[010] [100]
A
[C2 C1 C0]
[011] [001] [000]
A
[1]
-A
[0]
A
-A
-A
[11]
-A
[10]
[101]
-A
[110] [111]
1bit/symbol
2bits/symbol
3bits/symbol
16QAM Q I
64QAM Q I
4bits/symbol
6bits/symbol
19
BPSK modulation
input data input pulses
0 1 0 0 1
cosine
=0 = =0 =0 =
=0
BPSK signal
20
QPSK modulation
=3/4 Q = /4 (00) I (10) = 7/4
binary input
Modulated : I
+A -A
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Modulated : Q
Q data
+A -A
01 01 00 01 10 10 01 01 01 11
21
Noise
Q
(01)
(00)
1
(011)
(010) (100) (001) (000) (111)
0
(1)
(0)
0 -1
-1 -2 -2
-1 -1 0 1 2 -2
(11)
-1 0
(10)
1 2
(101)
-1
(110)
1 2
-2 -2
BPSK
Strong
QPSK
Robustness
Transmission capacity
8PSK
Weak
Low
High
22
10-1 BER
10-3
BPSK -5 10
8PSK
QPSK
16QAM
Good
10-7 5
10 15 C/N (Nyquist)
20 Good
23
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Multicarrier modulation method
500 8000 carriers
24
Features of OFDM
Robustness against multipath interference
symbol duration is longer than single carrier modulation guard interval is provided
25
Carrier #2
+ +
Carrier #k
+ =
+ +
Transmitting Signal
S (t ) cn e j ( 2 ( nf )t n )
n 0
N 1
GI
FFT/ IFFT
Frequency
FFT
wave (1KHz)
IFFT
1KHz
FFT
27
Transmission
Time domain
Demodulation
Frequency domain
QAM Demapping
IFFT
n= n=2
FFT
time
n= n=2 n=N-1 freq n=N
28
NHK
Main path
10MHz
10MHz
Transmitted signal
Received signal
31
Power
Frequency
32
Main path
Freq
Delay path
Looking on one carrier
Received Signal
=Main path +Delay path
Amplitude increase
33
Main path
Freq
Delay path
Received Signal
=Main path +Delay path
Amplitude decrease
34
Guard Interval
Time Domain copy signal copy signal
ISDB-T Signal
Guard Interval Effective Symbol
Tg
126ms (*)
Ts
1008ms (*)
(*) figure of NHK actually its flexible
Transmitting Symbol
In transmittingAdd partial copy of Effective Symbol In demodulation extract only effective symbol duration length from transmitting symbol and execute FFT Able to eliminate the effects of multipath echo interference within delay time of Tg [sec]
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Symbol #N-1
Looking on one carrier Guard Interval
Symbol #N
Transmitting symbol Effective symbol
Symbol #N+1
Main path
Delay path
Delay time
Received Signal
=Main path +Delay path
Non Continuous !!
Performance of OFDM
under multipath distortion
D/U Ratio of Desired wave (mainpath) and Undesired wave(echo)
D/U = 0 dB
10-1
Bit Error Rate
10-2 10-3 6 dB
10
-4
10 dB
guard interval
10-5 0
64QAM-OFDM C/N = 30 dB
150
37
Interleaving
Interleaving
Randomization of data symbols Carrier arrangement time-sequence of symbols
38
What is interleaving ?
Actual data
Data 1
Data 2 Data 3
Shuffle order of data
Data k
Data
39
100
3.5MHz
98
1.5MHz
100kHz
96
500kHz
94
92
Time interleave length : 48msec Maximum Doppler frequency : 15Hz
90
10-2
10-1
40
Good
Better
1.00E-02
BER
Fd = 70 Hz
Without time-interleaver (Error remains even in With time interleaver high C/N) of 440 ms
Far from Tx
Near to Tx
41
Hierarchical transmission
ISDB-T adopts hierarchical transmission system
by FDM (frequency division multiplexing) of Segment
QPSK
More robust
16QAM
64QAM
Higher capacity
2/3
3/4
5/6
7/8
6MHz
(13 segments)
frequency
Example
(2 layers transmission)
1 channel
(13 segments)
frequency
Layer A
LDTV, Audio, Data
For HDTV
or Multi-SDTV
Layer B
HDTV or Multi-SDTV programs with Data
service
High capacity transmission mode
44
64QAM FEC=3/4
1008 s
1/8 (126 s) A 1 QPSK
Hierarchical transmission
Number of segments Carrier modulation Coding rate of inner code (convolutional code) Outer error correction code Time interleaving length Information bit rate Required CN ratio for AWGN
B
12 64 QAM 3/4 RS(204,188) 215 ms 16.85 Mbps 20.1 dB
2/3
RS(204,188) 430 ms
416 kbps
6.6 dB
2. HDTV for fixed/mobile and One-Seg for portable/handheld can be transmitted simultaneously in one TV channel
(1)Hierarchical transmission by segmented OFDM (2)Partial reception of center one-segment for handheld service
47
ATSC
8VSB Yes -
DVB-T
OFDM (QPSK, 16QAM,64QAM) Yes Yes -
ISDB-T
11.5%
-
Configuration
ATSC
Fixed, 8VSB FEC=2/3 (19,39 Mbit/s)
DVB-T
DVB-2K : 64QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 2K (19,75 Mbit/s)
ISDB-T
ISDB-4k : 64QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 4K 0,1s (19,33 Mbit/s)
(From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)
50
Impulse noise
Relation between the noise pulse width & interference to signal ratio
ATSC - Chip A
30
25
ISDB-T
20
"I"/C (dB)
15 10 5
Better
ATSC
0 -5
-10
DVB-T
-15
0 100 200 300 400
Outdoor : Coverage
Success on Receiving - Cumulative Function Criterion: Number of Errors < 5
100%
ISDB-T
Percentage of Sites
90%
DVB-T
Better
80%
70%
ATSC
60% 0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Distance (km)
ATSC DVB-2k
ISDB-T
52
ISDB-T showed the best results in Brazils comparison tests, and other countries such as Chile, Peru, Philippine, etc.
55
56
Interactive service
One-Seg service
Mobile reception
HDTV
High
The high quality images on a 169 wide screen and CD-quality sound make you feel as if you were at the theater. European broadcasters have opted for multichannel strategy, but Japanese broadcasters have chosen to take advantages of high definition pictures. HDTV is a killer application.
58
SD-1
SD-2
-----
SD-8
59
EPG
EPG (Electronic Program Guide)
An Electronic Program Guide (EPG) is an interactive schedule of current and upcoming programs that a viewer can display on-screen simply by pressing a button on a remote control unit.
63
Display Image
On-air program
Example parameter Transmission Mode 3 Guard Interval 1/8 Modulation QPSK Code Ratio 2/3 Bit Rate 416 Kbps
Video (H.264)
180-256kbps
Audio (AAC-SBR)
32-64kbps
Data-cast (BML)
20-80kbps
Data service
64
Image
Emergency evacuation areas
Start signal
On-air waves
Screen
TV station
Tuner power ON
Screen display
65
PC
Laptop / handheld PC
Car TV
Handheld TV
71
Panasonic
SONY
Toshiba
Hitachi
SANYO
Victor
Pioneer
Sharp
Mitsubishi
NANAO
EPSON
72
(LCD type)
(CRT type)
(Rear Projection type)
73
74
SONY DST-TX1
PANASONIC TU-MHD500
SHARP TU-HD200
75
Panasonic
SONY
Pioneer
TOSHIBA
SANYO
Victor
76
77
Tune r
78
79
80
Portable Navigator
Portable TV
81
SANYO NVP-DTA10
Mitsubishi TU-100D
Pioneer GEX-P7DTV
Alpine TUE-T300
82
6. Summary
83
Summary
ISDB-T is the most robust transmission system
Adopting OFDM and time-interleaving Brazil, Chile, Peru, Philippine, etc. confirmed ISDB-T performance is the best.
HDTV (or SDTV multi-channel) and One-Seg (handheld TV service) can be transmitted simultaneously in a channel
ISDB-T enables both digital TV service for fixed and mobile (handheld) by just one transmission facility
Muchas Gracias!
Thank You for Your Attention!
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