MAIN INDEX

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 79 INSTITUTIONALIZING AND IMPLEMENTING REFORMS IN THE PHILIPPINE MINING SECTOR PROVIDING POLICIES AND GUIDELINES TO ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RESPONSIBLE MINING IN THE UTILIZATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Chain Saw Act of 2002 Republic Act No. 9175 Philippine Plant Variety Protection Act of 2002 Republic Act No. 9168 Mt. Kanla-on Natural Park (MKNP) Act of 2001 Republic Act No. 9154 Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act Republic Act No. 9147 National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act Republic Act No. 9072 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 Republic Act No. 9003 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Republic Act No. 8749 Implementing Rules & Regulations of the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 Republic Act No. 8550 Animal Welfare Act of 1998 Republic Act No. 8485

Agriculture & Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 Republic Act No. 8435 The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 Republic Act No. 8371 An Act for Salt Iodization Nationwide (ASIN) Republic Act No. 8172 Coconut Preservation Act of 1995 Republic Act No. 8048 The Water Crisis Act of 1995 Republic Act No. 8041 Philippine Mining Act of 1995 Republic Act No. 7942 Amendment to the Agrarian Reform Code Republic Act No. 7907 High-Value Crops Development Act of 1995 Republic Act No. 7900 Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act Republic Act No. 7611 National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 Republic Act No. 7586 Seed Industry Development Act of 1992 Republic Act No. 7308 Tax Laws Incorporated in the Revised Forestry Code Republic Act No. 7161 People's Small-Scale Mining Act of 1991 Republic Act No. 7076 Toxic Substances & Hazardous & Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 Republic Act No. 6969

An Act Creating the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) Republic Act No. 4850 EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 927 FURTHER DEFINING CERTAIN FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY. LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY RESOLUTION NO. 33 Series of 1996 APPROVING THE RULES AND REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL USER FEE SYSTEM IN THE LAGUNA DE BAY REGION Lanao del Sur National Parks Republic Act No. 4190 National Water & Air Pollution Control Commission Act Republic Act No. 3931 Prohibition Against Cutting of Trees in Public Roads, Plazas, etc. Republic Act No. 3571 An Act Amending Section Thirty-Six of P. D. No. 705, Otherwise Known as "The Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines" Batas Pambansa Bilang 701 An Act Amending R. A. No. 5474, As Amended by R. A. No. 6145 (Re: Prohibiting the Catching, Selling, Offering to Sell, Purchasing any of the Fish Species Called "Gobiidae" or "Ipon"). Batas Pambansa Bilang 58 Withdrawal of Lead in Gasoline Presidential Decree No. 2001 Small-Scale Mining Law Presidential Decree No. 1899 Amendment to the Revised Forestry Code Presidential Decree No. 1775 Environmental Impact Statement System

Presidential Decree No. 1586 Plant Quarantine Law of 1978 Presidential Decree No. 1433 The Coral Resources Development & Conservation Decree Presidential Decree No. 1219 Philippine Environment Code Presidential Decree No. 1152 Philippine Environmental Policy Presidential Decree No. 1151 The Water Code of the Philippines Presidential Decree No. 1067 National Pollution Control Commission Presidential Decree No. 984 Marine Pollution Decree of 1976 Presidential Decree No. 979 Code on Sanitation of the Philippines Presidential Decree No. 856 Penalty for Improper Garbage Disposal Presidential Decree No. 825 Amending Certain Sections of (R.A. 4850), Otherwise Known as the "Laguna Lake Development Authority Act of 1966." Presidential Decree No. 813 Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines Presidential Decree No. 705 Philippine Fisheries Code of 1975 Presidential Decree No. 704 Revised Coast Guard Law Presidential Decree No. 601

Pertaining to the Preservation, Beautification, Improvement and Gainful Utilization of the Pasig River, Providing for the Regulation and Control of Pollution of the River and Its Banks in Order to Enhance Its Development, Thereby Maximizing Its Utilization for Socio-Economic Purposes. Presidential Decree No. 274
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 54 CREATING THE PASIG RIVER REHABILITATION COMMISSION

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 65 AMENDING EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 54, SERIES OF 1999 An Act to Reserve to the Philippine Legislature the Disposition of the Waters of the Public Domain for the Utilization and Development of Hydraulic Power. Act No. 4062 The Fisheries Act Act No. 4003 An Act to Protect Wild Flowers and Plants in the Philippine Islands and to Prescribe Conditions Under Which They May be Collected, Kept, Sold, Exported, and for Other Purposes. Act No. 3983 Prohibition Against Cutting of Tindalo, Akli & Molave Trees Act No. 3572 Guidelines on Biological & Genetic Resources Eexecutive Order No. 247 [1995]) - President Fidel V. Ramos Task Force Pawikan Executive Order No. 542 (President Ferdinand E. Marcos) Environmental Impact Statement System - Areas/Types of Projects Proclamation No. 2146 Subic Watershed Forest Reserve Law Proclamation No. 926 (President Corazon C. Aquino)

Quezon National Park - Proc. No. 740|Proc. No. 594|Proc. No. 2 Preferential Treatment of Small Fisherfolks [15-km.Mun. Water] DENR Administrative Order No. 03 Regulations for the Conservation of Marine Turtles Bureau of Forest Development Circular No. 08

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCES

Reorganization Act of the DENR (E. O. 192 [1987]) Latest Issuances of the DENR DENR-DILG-LGUs Partnership - Manual of Procedures

national environment law regimes worldwide.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT LAWS WORLDWIDE

ENVIRONMENT - IN GENERAL
CEDAR - Central European Environmental Data Request Facility Information Environmental Laws Around the World Worldwide Environment and Natural Resources

GATT
GATT & The World Trade Organization (WTO) 1994 GATT NEWS

NAFTA
Full Text of the NAFTA NAFTA Commission on Environmental Cooperation Border Environment Cooperation Commission

North American Center for Environmental Information and Communication The (U.S.Mexico) Borderlands Environmental Archives

Pacific Region
Asian Development Bank Web Site Australian Centre for Environmental Law ECO ASIA Home Page Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Environmental Law in Asia - IGC GEF/UNDP/IMO Programme on Marine Pollution Haze - Smoke Secretariat of Tokyo MOU on Port State Control in Asia Pacific South China Sea Informal Working Group

Africa
The African Water Page - Len Abrams

Argentina
Argentina

ASEAN Regional
ASEAN Secretariat 1967 ASEAN Declaration - Bangkok Declaration 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia 1985 ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1995 Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon - Free Zone Treaty

Austria
Environmental Data Catalogue

Australia
Australian Environment Australia Subjects Environment Australian Wetland Sites (RAMSAR) ERIN Foundation Law - Environment Planning and Local Government Materials By Topic Environmental Law Queensland's Proposed Environment Protection University of Waikato Law Library Environmental Law

Brazil
Ministrio do Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hdricos e da Amaznia Legal Senado Federal - Atividades Legislativas Senado Federal - Outros Servidores WWW

Brunei
Goverment Homepage Environment Unit, Ministry of Development Environmental Resource Information Centre

Canada
ACJNet Environment Canada Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency Canadian Standards Association Contaminated Land and Directors' Liability (1203 April-June 1992) Environment Canada's Green Lane Environmental Controls, A Changing Climate Environment Canada's Green Lane Environment Canada Environnement Canada University of Toronto's BLLL Environmental Law West Coast Environmental Law's Information Base

Chile
Bases de Datos Chile Information Project Environmental Report

Colombia
Departamento Nacional de Planeacin Medio Ambiente en Colombia

Czech Republic
Czech Environmental Laws

Dominican Republic
Direccin Nacional de Parques de la Repblica Dominicana

European Union General:

CEDAR - Central European Environmental Data Request Facility European Centre for Nature Conservation

European Environmental Law European Department of Standardization European Union nature conservation legislation

Germany
Regulations on the Avoidance of Packaging Waste - 1130 May 1991 Regulations on the Avoidance of Packaging Waste - Supp. No. 8 1991

Hungary
HUDIR- Environment

Indonesia
BAPEDAL - Environmental Impact Mgt Agency Earth Summit + 5 - Country Profile Indonesia

Israel
Israel Ecological & Environmental Information System Israel Environmental Law in English

Italy
Ambiente e territorio - Firenze civica Associazione "Ambiente e Lavoro" ENEA (Frame Home Page) ENEA ambiente di Bologna Informatica e diritto dell'ambiente (IDG-CNR) Italian Society of Ecology Parks in Italy Risorse ambientali

Malaysia
Earth Summit + 5 - Country Profile - Malaysia Federal - Ministries Federal - Department of Environment Federal - Economic Planning Unit Federal - MOSTE Federal - MOSTE's Conservation & Env. Mgt Division Federal - PERHILITAN National Parks Federal - Department of Fisheries Federal - Marine Dept Kuala Lumpur Online Malaysian Environmental Quality Council Peninsular Malaysia - Forestry Sarawak - State Government Organization

Sarawak - State Ministry of Resource Planning Sarawak - Natural Resources and Environment Board Sarawak - State Ministry of Environment Sarawak - Department of Environment

Mexico
Envirotech Online's Mexico Environmental Law Page INE - Instituto Nacional de Ecologa Messico - Informazione ambientale e sviluppo sostenibile OCEAN [Organizacin para la Conservacin, Estudio y Anlisis de la Naturaleza] Secretara de Medio Ambiente Recursos Naturales y Pesca SIRDS [Sistema de Informacion Regional para el Desarrollo Sustentable] Summary of environmental laws

Netherlands
Cabinet Du Ministre Lutgen Statistics Netherlands Sector Environment

Peru
ITDG - Intermediate Technology

Philippines
Babilonia-Wilner Foundation Department of Environment & Natural Resources Earth Summit + 5 - Country Profile - Philippines Environmental Management Bureau Foundation for the Philippine Environment National Mapping & Resource Information Authority Philippine Environment Laws - Chan Robles Virtual Law Library Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau

Singapore
Earth Summit + 5 - Country Profile - Singapore Maritime and Port Authority Ministry of the Environment National Parks Board Primary Production Dept - Services

South Africa
M-Web LAW Environmental Southern Africa Environment Page

Spain
Cientro Informatico Cientifico de Andalucia El Sistema de Informacin Ambiental de Andaluca - Servizio WWW El Sistema de Informacin Ambiental de Andaluca

Sweden
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Thailand
Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Earth Summit + 5 - Country Profile Thailand Environmental Regulations Ministry of Science,Technology and Environment MOSTE - EnvironNet Homepage National Environment Board Office of Environmental Policy & Planning Pollution Control Department Thailand - MOSTE (US site)

United Kingdom
Environmental Law on the Web from Information for Lawyers Limited

United States

United States - A Comprehensive Internet Guide to Environmental Law

Vietnam
Earth Summit + 5 - Country Profile - Vietnam

Alphabetical order[edit]
Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998 Alpine Convention together with its nine protocols ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980.

Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
[2]

[1]

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

[3]

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) (ABMT) Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate Barcelona Convention for Protection against Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea, 1976 Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989. Biological Weapons Convention (Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological [Biological] and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction) (BWC) Bonn Agreement (environment) Carpathian Convention Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety Chemical Weapons Convention China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region, Abidjan, 1981. Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, Cartagena de Indias, 1983. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-east Pacific, Lima, 1981. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-east Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992. Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region, Nouma, 1986. Convention of the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region, Nairobi, 1985. Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992. Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels(CRTD), Geneva, 1989. Convention on Cluster Munitions Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986. Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Vienna, 1963.
[4]

Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, (CMS), Bonn, 1979. Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna, (CITES), Washington DC, 1973. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992. Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992. Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (notably not a Multilateral Environmental Agreement) Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), Paris, 1994. Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution, Bucharest, 1992. Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 1992 Helsinki Convention, Helsinki, 1992. Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme Convention on the ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa, Bamako, 1991. EMEP Protocol Nitrogen Oxide Protocol Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol Sulphur Emissions Reduction Protocols 1985 and 1994 Heavy Metals Protocol POP Air Pollution Protocol Multi-effect Protocol (Gothenburg protocol)
[5]

Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions Energy Community (Energy Community South East Europe Treaty) (ECSEE) Espoo Convention Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 1991. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (AND), Geneva, 2000. European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Geneva, 1957. FAO International Code of Conduct on the distribution and use of Pesticides, Rome, 1985. FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, 1983. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), New York, 1992. Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea Geneva Protocol (Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas(ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, London, 1954, 1962, 1969

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), Washington, 1946. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 (expired) International Tropical Timber Agreement, (ITTA), Geneva, 1994. Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution, Kuwait, 1978. Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Environment, Jeddah, 1982. Kyoto Protocol - greenhouse gas emission reductions Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 Minamata Convention on Mercury, 2013. Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1989. North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Putrajaya Declaration of Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia, Malaysia, 2003. Ramsar Convention Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971. Rotterdam Convention Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, Rotterdam, 1998. Stockholm Convention Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm, 2001. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 1996 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal 1987. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Vienna, 1963. Waigani Convention Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region, Waigani, 1995.

Western Regional Climate Action Initiative

Topic order[edit]
General[edit]
Aarhus Convention Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decisionmaking and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998 Espoo Convention Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 1991

Marine environment regional conventions[edit]

Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-east Atlantic OSPAR Convention, Paris, 1992. Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 1992 Helsinki Convention, Helsinki, 1992.

Atmosphere[edit]

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), Geneva, 1979. Environmental Protection: Aircraft Engine Emissions Annex 16, vol. 2 to the 1944 Chicago Convention on Civil Aviation, Montreal, 1981.

Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution, Bucharest, 1992. Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, Cartagena de Indias, 1983.

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), New York, 1992, including the Kyoto Protocol, 1997.

Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (Nairobi Convention), Nairobi, 1985.

Georgia Basin-Puget Sound International Airshed Strategy, Vancouver, Statement of Intent, 2002.

Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment and Coastal Region of the Mediterranean Sea Barcelona Convention, Barcelona, 1976.

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985, including theMontreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal 1987.

Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region, Nouma, 1986.

Freshwater resources[edit]
Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992.

Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the Southeast Pacific, Lima, 1981.

Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region, Abidjan, 1981.

Hazardous substances[edit]
Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989. Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), Geneva, 1989. Convention on the ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa, Bamako, 1991. Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992. Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, Rotterdam, 1998. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (AND), Geneva, 2000. European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road(ADR), Geneva, 1957. FAO International Code of Conduct on the distribution and use of Pesticides, Rome, 1985. Stockholm Convention Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm, 2001. Waigani Convention Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region, Waigani, 1995. Minamata Convention on Mercury, Minamata 2013.

Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution, Kuwait, 1978. Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Environment, Jeddah, 1982.

Marine living resources[edit]

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980. Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
[2] [3] [1]

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), Washington, 1946.

Nature conservation and terrestrial living resources[edit]

Antarctic Treaty, Washington DC, 1959. World Heritage Convention Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 1972.

Marine environment global conventions[edit]

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter(London Convention), London, 1972. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), London 1973 and 1978. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, London 1954, 1962 and 1969. International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), Brussels, 1969, 1976,1984 and 1992. International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage(FUND)1971 and 1992, Brussels, 1971/1992.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), Bonn, 1979. Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna, (CITES), Washington DC, 1973.

Ramsar Convention Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971.

Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), Paris, 1994. FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, 1983. International Tropical Timber Agreement, (ITTA), Geneva, 1994.

Nuclear safety[edit]
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 1996 Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency(Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986. Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986. Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Vienna, 1963.

International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), London, 1996. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC), London, 1990.

International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties Intervention Convention, Brussels, 1969.

Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances OPRC-HNS Protocol, London, 2000.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea LOS Convention, Montego Bay, 1982.

See also[edit]

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES Bio 425/426/427 (Environmental Issues and Policies)
P.D. 984 Pollution Control Law P.D. 1151 Philippine Environmental Policy - defines the general policies on he pursuit of a better quality of life for the present and future generations and mandates the undertaking the environmental impact assessments for all projects, which may significantly affect the environment. P.D. 1152 Philippine Environmental Policy - defines the policy objectives and the strategies for the various aspects of environmental management, such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land management, and waste management. It launches a comprehensive national program of environmental protection and management, with reference to policies and standards of noise, air quality, water quality, classification of water and waste management. P.D. 1586 defines the framework for the implementation of the environmental impact assessment as the mechanism to reconcile the impacts of development projects on society and the physical environment. P.D. 389 (P.D. 705) The Forestry Reform Code - codifies, updates and raises forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources. P.D. 330 & P.D. 953 laws on penalizing illegal cutting of trees P.D. 953 & 1153 laws on tree planting P.D. 331- laws requiring all public forests be developed on a sustained yield basis. P.D. 704 preservation of optimum productivity of fishery resources through conservation and protection. P.D. 1015 banning the operation of commercial fishing within a distance of 7 kilometers from the shoreline. P.D. 1058 increasing the penalties for illegal forms of fishing. P.D. 1219 providing for the protection of coral ecosystems. P.D. 1067 Water Code of the Philippines - adopts adequate measures to conserve and regulate the use of water in commercial, industrial and residential areas. It also provides other policy guidelines in water quality and management of water resources. P.D. 463 amended the Mining Act of 1936, requires all mining leaseholders to comply with Pollution Control Laws and regulations and provide for penalties for noncompliance.

P.D. 1198 reinforces this provision for restoration of mined-out areas to this original condition to the extent possible. P.D. 1251 imposes fines on tailings and mine wastes and the fund generated is used to pay for the damages to land, agricultural crops, forests products, aquatic resources and infrastructures caused by pollution for mining operations. P.D. 984 The Pollution Control Law P.D. 1181 (supplements the provision of P.D. 984) providing for the abatement, control and prevention of vehicular pollution & establishing the maximum allowance emissions of specific air pollutants from all types of vehicle. P.D. 600 ( amended by P.D. 979) Water Pollution Control - prohibits the discharge of oil, noxious liquid substances, and other harmful substances into the countrys inland and territorial waters. P.D. 825 prohibits the improper disposal of garbage P.D. 856 Sanitation Code - places the responsibility in the local government units for he solid waste management in his area of production. P.D. 1144 Control of Pesticides R.A. 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 - provides for a comprehensive air pollution control policy R.A 3720 Food Additives R.A. 6425 Drugs R.A 280 Cosmetics R.A. 7160 Local Government Code of 1991 -provides that local government should share with the national government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction subject to national policies and other pertinent provisions of the code. R.A. 6969 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act - authorizes the DENR to establish a program to regulate, restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, destruction, use and disposal of chemical substances, and mixture that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the environment. R.A. 8550 The Fisheries Code of the Philippines

- defines the policies of the state in the protection, conservation and effective management of fisheries stock as well as identifying allowable fishing methods in Philippine coastal waters. R.A. 9003 The Solid Waste Management Act of 2001- an act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms

and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes.

R.A. 9275- also known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 an act providing a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes.
R.A. 9729 also known as the Climate Change Act of 2009. - an act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other purposes.

Philippine Constitution (202K) The Philippine Constitution specifically protects the environment. Philippine Constitution (Excerpts) (10K) Summarizes areas specific to environmental protection. Presidential Decree 704. (55K) Covers fishery laws Presidential Decree 705. (48K) Covers forestry laws Executive Order 240. (37)K Covers Integrated Fishery Management Local Goverment Code (Excerpts) (40K) Presidental Decree 1151 (5K) Covers Philippine Environmental Policy Presidential Decree No. 1152 (50K) The Philippine Environment Code

DENR Administrative Order No. 97-38 Covers chemical control order for mercury and mercury compounds. DENR Administrative Order No. 97-05 Procedures in the retention of areas within certain distances along the banks of rivers, streams, and shore of seas, lakes and oceans for environmental protection. Bureau of Forestry Administrative Order No. 1 Regulations Governing the collecting, gathering and/or disposing marine turtles, turtle eggs and its by-products Ministry of Natural Resources Special Order No. 357 Created a council of deputy conservation officers in the province of Tawi-Tawi Ministry of Natural Resources Special Order No. 201 Covers the creation of an implementing organization of the Pawikan Task Force to implement the pawikan conservation program of the Philippines.

JOA Number 3. (4K) Covers Implementing guidelines on the granting of preferential treatment to small Ministry of Natural Resources fisherfolk relative to the 15K Muncipal Memorandum Order No. 06 Water. Declares a total ban on exploitation activities related to marine turtles. Republic Act No. 7586 (NIPAS Act) (29K) Establishment and Management of National Integrated Protected Areas System, Defining its scope and coverage DENR Administrative Order No. 25 (83K) Implementing Rules and Regulations for Republic Act No. 7586 Presidential Decree No. 1586 (7K) Establishing an Environmental Impact Statement System, including other environmental management related measures. Republic Act No. 7942 (Philippine Mining Act of 1995) (99K) An Act instituting a new system of Mineral Resources Exploration, Development, Ministry of Natural Resources Memorandum, September 1, 1982 Management Authority over Marine Turtles.

Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 34 Declare the municipality of Caluya as marine turtle sanctuary. Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 33 Regulations governing the collection of marine turtle eggs in the province of Tawi-Tawi and reiterating the duties and responsibilities of deputy conservation

utilization and conservation DENR Administrative Order No. 96-40 Series of 1996 (429K) Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 7942 Republic Act No. 7907 (33K) An Act Amending Republic Act No. 3844, as amended, otherwise known as the "Code of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines". Republic Act No. 6657 (99K) The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998. Presidential Decree No. 984 (33K) Providing for the Revision of Republic Act No. 3931, commonly known as the Pollution Control Law. Executive Order No. 542 (17K) Covers the creation of the Task Force Pawikan Executive Order No. 263(17K) Adopts Community-Based Forest Management as the National Strategy to ensure the sustainable development of the country's forst lands. City of Manila Ordinance 7695 (2K) Covers proper garbage disposal. City of Manila Ordinance 7849 (3K) Amends Ordinace 7695 to provide stiffer penalties for improper garbage disposal.

officers and deputy game wardens. Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 10 Deputizing the Governor and ViceGovernor of Tawi-Tawi, Municipal Mayor and Barangay Captain of the Municipality of Taganak of the Province of Tawi-Tawi as Deputized Conservation Officers. Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 08 Establishment of Certain Islands in the Province of Tawi-Tawi, Palawan and Antique Marine Turtle Sanctuaries. Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 01 Deputizing the Provincial Governors, ViceGovernors and Municipal Mayors, areas critical for the protection of Marine Turtles in the Philippines, as Conservation Officers

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 68 Amends Section 2 of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 36. Revised Fisheries Administrative Order No. 60 Regulations governing the issuance of fishpond permits and/or leases on public forest lands. Forestry Sector Administrative Order No. 03 Bans use of Highlead Yarding Systems in the Dipterocarp Forests

City of Manila Ordinance 7853 (4K) An Ordinace requiring that all Public Utility Vehicles provide trash receptacles in their DENR Administrative Order No. 20, June vehicles. 1, 1992 Created the Organizational and Fisheries Administrative Order No. 76 Management Structure for the Regulations regarding the collecting and implementation of the ENR Sector gathering of marine turtles Adjustment Loan (SECAL) Program. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 88 DENR Administrative Order No.02, Regulations for the Conservation of Turtle, January 13, 1992 Turtle Eggs and Turtle Shells in the Deals with the Annual Allowable Cut

Philippines Bureau of Forest Development Circular No. 8 Regulations for the Conservation of Marine Turtles in the Philippines DANR General Administrative Order No. 2 Transferring the Administration and Control of Turtles to the Parks and Wildlife Office and for Other Purposes. DENR Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 1995 Procedural and/or Documentary Requirements, Guidelines and/or Criteria to be observed and/or followed in the Selection of Local Government Units (LGUs). Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and People's Organizations (POs) to the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) DENR Administrative Order No. 5, Series of 1995 Guidelines in the selection, awards, monitoring and evaluationof host NonGovernment Organization in the Conservation of Protected Areas Project DENR Administrative Order No. 7, February 17, 1994 Revised Guidelines Governing the Issuance of Certificate of Origin for Logs, Timber, Lumber and Non- timber Forest Products. DENR Administrative Order No. 13, Series of 1992 Regulation governing the establishment of buffer zone within forest lands. DENR Administrative Order No. 142, Series of 1989 Guidelines on the Disposition of Confiscated Wildlife Species. DENR Administrative Order No. 30, September 30, 1994 Implementing Guidelines for NonGovernment Organization Assisted Community-Based Mangrove Forest

Determination to Second Growth Forest. DENR Administrative Order No.12, April 01, 1992 Deals with the annual allowable cut computation and tree marking goal determination in the second growth dipterocarp forests

DENR Administrative Order No.34, July 14, 1992 Covers the rules and regulations to implement Republic Act No. 7076. DENR Administrative Order No.16, April 20, 1992 Addendum to DAO 42 which provides the regulations and guidelines governing the establishment and development of IFPs Presidential Decree 1067 The Water Code of the Philippines Republic Act 8371 The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997, provides for the recognition, protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous cultural communities / indigenous people. Republic Act 8435 Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 DENR Administrative Order No. 04, Series of 1992 Amending DENR Administrative Order No. 14, Series of 1991 "Establishing The El Nido Marine Reserves".

Republic Act 8550 The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 DENR Administrative Order No.96-12 Prescribes organizational and Management Arrangement of the Pasig

Management (NGO- Assisted CBMFM) for the DENR. DENR Memorandum Order No. 95-08 Clarification on the Provisions of the NIPAS Law regarding the modification of boundary of the Protected Area and its Buffer Zone. DENR Administrative Order No. 08, February 17, 1994 Additional Requirements in the Issuance of New Sawmill Permits and Certificates of Registration as Lumber Dealers, Including Renewals Thereof. DENR Administrative Order No. 32, September 07, 1994 Creation of an Office to Coordinate DENR Commitments to Inter-Agency Committees, Commission, Task Force and Special Projects.

River Rehabilitation Program DENR Administrative Order No.92-23 Institutionalizes the Master Plan for Forestry Development within DENR and Defines Functions of Offices for the purpose. DENR Administrative Order No.92-27 Covers the Management of Mossy Forests DENR Administrative Order No.92-30 Guidelines for the Transfer and Implementation of DENR Functions Devolved to the Local Government Units DENR Administrative Order No.92-34 Rules and Regulations to Implement Republic Act No. 7076 Otherwise Known as "Peoples Small Scale Mining Act of 1991".

DENR Administrative Order No.34, September 16, 1994 Amending Section 13 of DAO 58, Series of DENR Administrative Order No.92-35 1983, Providing for the Rules and Prescribes the Guidelines for Community Regulations Governing Narra Resources. Reforestation Contract Under the Low Income Upland Communities Project (LIUCP) DENR Administrative Order No. 35, September 19, 1994 Guidelines Governing the Implementation DENR Administrative Order No.92-36 and Monitoring of the DENR National Covers the Assignment and Supervision of Crime Reporting System. the DENR-Non-Governmental/Peoples' Organization (NG/PO) Desk. DENR Administrative Order No.36, Series of 1991 DENR Administrative Order No.92-37 Guidelines governing the confiscation, Amending certain provisions of DENR seizure, and disposition of wilf flora and Administrative Order No. 30, Series of fauna illegally collected, gathered, 1992 acquired, transported, and imported including paraphernalia. Department of Agriculture Administrative Order No.98-03 DENR Administrative Order No. 37, Series Implementing Rules and Regulations of 1996 Pursuant to Republic Act No. 8550 Revising DENR Administrative Order No. 21, Series of 1992, to further strengthen DENR Administrative Order No.92-50 the implementation of the Environmental Guidelines on the Disposition of Impact Statement System Confiscated Logs, Lumber and Other Forest Products for Public Infrastructure DENR Administrative Order No.55, Series of 1991

Declaring Dugong or sea cow (Dugong dugon) as Protected Marine Mammal of the Philippines DENR Memorandum Circular No. 16, Series of 1993 Guidelines on the Establishment and Management of Buffer Zones for Protected Areas DENR Memorandum Circular No.04, January 26, 1994 Implementing Guidelines for the Selection, Contracting, Monitoring and Evaluation of NGOs Under the ENR-SECAL Program. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 01, January 18, 1994 Guidelines for the Prosecution of Illegal Logging and Related Cases DENR Memorandum Circular No. 20, Series of 1990 Guidelines on the Restoration of Open and Denuded Areas within National Parks and Other Protected Areas within National Parks and Other Protected Areas for the Enhancement of Biological Diversity. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 20, Series of 1995 Implementing Guidelines of DENR Administrative Order No. 95-9, Series of 1995, Regulation on Forest Tree Seed Production, Collection and Disposition. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 21, June 22, 1994 Supplementary Guidelines and Instructions on the Implementation of DAO No. 07, S. 1994. Anent Issuance of Certificates of Origin for Forest Products. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 22, October 7, 1994 Delegation of Authority Regarding the Implementation of Foreign Assisted Integrated Protected Area Projects (IPAS), etc. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 25, July

Projects. DENR Administrative Order No.97-04 Rules and Regulations Governing the Industrial Forest Management Program

DENR Administrative Order No.96-24 Rules and Regulations Governing the Socialized Industrial Forest Management Program DENR Administrative Order No.93-60 Revised Regulations and Guidelines Governing the Establishment and Management of Industrial Forest Plantations (IFPs) and Management of Residual Natural Forests for Production Purposes DENR Administrative Order No.93-68 Amendment to DAO No. 60, Series of 1993 DENR Administrative Order No.93-22 Revised Guidelines for Community Forestry Program DENR Administrative Order No.93-16 Guidelines on the Implementation of the Forestry Sector Project DENR Administrative Order No.92-56 Designation of Pagbilao Mangrove Swamp Experimental Forest as Genetic Resources Area and National Training Site for Mangrove

DENR & DILG Joint Memorandum Circular No. 98-01 Designation of Pagbilao Mangrove Swamp Experimental Forest as Genetic Resources Area and National Training Site for Mangrove Republic Act No. 8041 An Act to Address the National Water

13, 1994 Guidelines on the Partial Turn-over of Contract Reforestation (CREF) Projects Qualified for Forestland Management Agreement (FLMA) Issuance DENR Memorandum Circular No. 26, July 08, 1994 Flagship Program for the Indigenous Cultural Communities under the Social Reform Agenda. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 32, September 06, 1994 DENR Divers Who Could Assist in the Conduct of Coral and Fish Survey and Assessment. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 34, September 22, 1994 General Outline for the Formulation of Initial Protected Area Plan. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 38, October 18, 1994 Amending DENR Memorandum Circular No. 29, Series of 1993. Otherwise Known as"Guidelines and Procedures in the Cancellation of Reforestation Contracts and Recovery Proceedings." DENR Memorandum Circular No. 45, December 22, 1994 Clarifications on Some Provisions of R.A. 7586, DAO No. 25, Series of 1992 and Other Related Guidelines. DENR Memorandum Order No. 01, February 17, 1994 Adoption of Revised Procedures on the Issuance of Certificate of Origin Forms DENR Memorandum Order No. 04, February 02, 1995 Creation and Constitution of the National Federation of Multisectoral Forest Protection Committees (NFMFPC) Executive Order No. 192, June 10, 1987 Providing for the Reorganization of the Department of Environment, Energy and Natural Resources, Renaming it as the

Crisis Republic Act No. 7161 Amends PD 705 by increasing the Forest Charges on Timber and other Forest Products. Republic Act No. 4190 An Act Declaring Certain Places in the Province of Lanao Del Sur as National Parks Republic Act No. 3571 An Act which prohibits destroying growing trees, flowering plants and other plants of scenic value in public areas Quezon Proclamation No. 02, series of 1913 Sets apart a forest reserve in Atimonan, Quezon

Quezon Proclamation No. 740, series of 1934 Covers the establishment of the Quezon National Park Quezon Proclamation No. 594, series of 1940 Modifies the boundaries of Quezon National Park Proclamation No. 2146 Proclaiming Certain Areas and Types of Projects as Environmentally Critical and Within the Scope of the Environmental Impact Statement System Established under Presidential Decree No. 1586. Presidential Decree No. 979 The Marine Pollution Decree of 1976 Presidential Decree No. 856 Code on Sanitation in the Philippines Presidential Decree No. 825 Provides penalties for improper disposal of

Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and for other Purposes

garbage and other forms of uncleanliness.

Executive Order No. 192 Authorizing the Establishment of the Clark Presidential Decree No. 601 International Airport Corporation to The Revised Coast Guard Law of 1974 operate and manage the Clark Aviation Complex Presidential Decree No. 2001 Established a program phasing-out Executive Order No. 446 tetraethyl lead (TEL) in gasoline. Mandating the Phase-out of Leaded Gasoline as one of the means of solving air pollution. Presidential Decree No. 1899 Establishes small-scale mining as a new dimension in mineral development Executive Order No. 708 Reorganizing the Office of the President and Creating the Office of the Prime Presidential Decree No. 1775 Minister pursuant to the 1981 Amends section eighty of the Revised amendments to the Constitution. Philippine Forestry Code (PD 705) Fisheries Administrative Order No. 129 Ban on the taking or catching, selling, possessing, transporting Sabalo (full grown bangus or milkfish) Fisheries Administrative Order No. 125 Rules and regulations governing conversion of ordinary fishpond permits and ten (10) year fishpond lease agreements into twenty-five (25) year fishpond lease agreements and other related matters. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 144 Rules and regulations on commercial fishing. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 149 Adopting all existing rules and regulations on fisheries Fisheries Administrative Order No. 155 Regulating the use of fine meshed nets in fishing Fisheries Administrative Order No. 156 Guidelines and procedure in the effective implementation of LOI No. 1328 Fisheries Administrative Order No. 163 Prohibiting the operation of "Muro-Ami" Presidential Decree No. 1160 Gives authority to Barangay Captains to enforce Pollution and Environmental Control Laws Presidential Decree No. 1121 Covers the creation of the National Environmental Protection Council

DENR Memorandum Circular No. 06, June 4, 1992 Covers the implementation of Project CARE Activities After Species Adoption by Each Barangay, Municipality, City and Province Letter of Instruction No. 549 Instructs the National Environment Protection Council to establish an administrative system for the evaluation of environmental impact of projects. Letter of Instructions No.1179 Instructions authorizing the National Environment Protection Council to issue Environmental Compliance Certificates. Executive Order No. 247 Sets guidelines for the prospecting of

and "Kayakas" in all Philippine waters. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 164 Rules and Regulations governing the operation of "Hulbot-Hulbot" in the Philippine waters. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 173 Banning the exportation of bangus fingerlings (hatirin)

biological and genetic resources Executive Order No. 15 Created the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development DENR Memorandum Order No. 10, series of 1991 Guidelines for the conduct of Resources Basic Inventory (RBI) within Protected Areas.

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 18 Covers the protection and conservation of turtles in the San Miguel Islands, comprising the Manuc-manucan, Bancauan, and Bancoran Islets in the Sulu DENR Memorandum Circular No. 35, November 17, 1993 Sea Criteria and guidelines for the Categorization of the Protected Areas Fisheries Administrative Order No. 184 under the National Integrated Protected Guideline on the experimental collection Areas System (NIPAS) of precious and semi-precious corals of the Philippine waters. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 17, May 13, 1993 Guidelines on the conduct of Protected Area Suitability Assessment (PASA). DENR Memorandum Circular No. 22, Series of 1992 Guidelines on the preparation and submission of maps of areas covered by the National Integrated Protected Areas System. DENR Memorandum Circular No. 17, October 15, 1992 Covers the delineation of functions and implementation of the Integrated Social Forestry Program after the Devolution of Functions to the Local Government Units (LGUs) DENR Memorandum Circular No. 09, August 03, 1992 Requires Timber License Agreement/Timber Production Sharing Agreement holders to prepare and submit a Medium Term Forest Management Plan. Forestry Sector Administrative Order No. 09 Covers the regulation of forest tree seed

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 185 Ban on the taking or catching, selling, purchasing and possessing, transporting and exporting of Dolphins. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 188 Regulations governing the operation of commercial fishing boats in Philippine waters using Tuna Purse Seine Nets. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 23 Regulations establishing a closed season period for the conservation of turtles, turtle eggs, and turtle shells in the Turtle Islands. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 29 Rules and regulations governing the gathering of aquatic turtle eggs. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 29-1 Amending Sections 8 and 9 of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 29 Fisheries Administrative Order No. 36 To establish a closed season period for the gathering or killing of marine turtles,

turtle eggs, or turtle shell. Forestry Sector Administrative Order No. 15, May 10, 1995 Revised General Guidelines in the Implementation of the Sub-classification of Forestlands and Other Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain. Forestry Sector Administrative Order No. 17, May 20, 1995 Institutionalization of the Multi-Sectoral Forest Protection Communities Within The DENR System. DENR Administrative Order No. 97-39 Covers chemical control order for cyanide and cyanide compounds.

production, collection and disposition.

DENR Administrative Order No. 68, December 16, 1993 Amendment to DAO No. 60, Series of 1993, to encourage more investors in the IFP program of the government and to accelerate the establishment of industrial forest plantations. DENR Administrative Order No. 62, October 15, 1993 Institutionalizes community organizing as an approach and atrategy in the planning and pImplementation of programs and projects in theDENR. DENR Administrative Order No. 38, August 11, 1992 Prescribes Conditions for the Operation of Sawmills and Mini-Sawmills. DENR Administrative Order No. 42, August 22, 1991 Revised Regulations and Guidelines Governing the Establishment and Development of Industrial Forest Plantations (IFPs) DENR Administrative Order No. 48, September 13, 1991 Establishment of a national list of rare, endangered, threatened, vulnerable, indeterminate, and iInsufficiently known species of Philippine Wild Birds, Mammals, and Reptiles.

Parks and Wildlife Office Administrative Order No. 1, Series of 1964 Rules and Regulation for the Protection and Conservation of Flora in Public Grounds DENR Memorandum Circular No. 24, July 13, 1994 Implementing Guidelines for the

Conversion of Timber License Agreements (TLAs) to Industrial Forest Management Agreements (IFMAs). Republic Act No. 6239 An Act to Regulate the Practice of Forestry Profession in the Philippines DENR Administrative Order 96-26, September 10, 1996 Revised Guidelines Governing the Harvest and Transport of Planted Trees and NonTimber Products within Social Forestry Areas.

Introduction
Growth of international environmental law as a separate area of public international law began in the 1970s with the Stockholm Conference on the Environment in 1972. Since then interest has steadily increased and it is one of the fastest growing areas of international law. Current issues of international concern covered by environmental law include ozone layer depletion and global warming, desertification, destruction of tropical rain forests, marine plastics pollution from ships, international trade in endangered species (i.e. ivory trade), shipment of hazardous wastes to Third World countries, deforestation of Brazil and the Philippines, protection of wetlands, oil spills, transboundary nuclear air pollution (i.e. Chernobyl), dumping of hazardous wastes, groundwater depletion, international trade in pesticides, and acid rain. Environmental law is also cutting across other areas of international law, such as commercial/business law, trade, and human rights. International cooperation in the form of treaties, agreements and resolutions created by intergovernmental organizations as well as national laws and regulations are being used to protect the environment. The researcher is usually looking for documents from the major organizations concerned with protection of the environment such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the European Union, the OECD, and the Council of Europe. Since ultimate responsibility for the protection of the environment remains at the national and local level, municipal laws and regulations related to the environment are increasingly being sought after. This is an in-depth guide to researching international environmental law.

Getting Started
There are many international environmental treatises and this section only highlights some publications that can provide a good introduction. To search for other books or more specific subject, try keyword searching such as < montreal protocol > or < pre-cautionary principles > in the library catalog (try our new catalog interface).
Documents in International Environmental Law, INTL K3583.D63 2004 This is a representative selection of essential international environmental treaties and documents. European Environmental Law INTL KJE6242.J36 2008 Begins with the development of EU environmental law and the legal basis. Includes brief summaries of dozens of EU legislation. Guide to International Environmental Law K3585.4.K5695 2007 A brief overview of international law with a focus on how international environmental law was formed as well as an analysis of newer topics such as environmental protection as a human right. International Courts and Environmental Protection K3585 .S74 2009 Useful overview of various courts with jurisdiction over international environmental law, including discussion of cases and the ongoing challenges facing the courts. International Environmental law in a Nutshell INTL Reserve K3585.6.G87 2007 A good introductory source that covers all the major areas. International Law & the Environment INTL K3585.4 B57 2009 Examines treaty regimes, arbitration, and international case law along with chapters specifically on climate change, nuclear energy, ecosystems, conservation, trade, and much more. Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law INTLREF K3585.O94 2007 This non-circulating publication provides 40 chapters grouped by general issues, analytical tools, basic issues, normative development, key concepts, institutions, and implementation & enforcement.

Treaties
Treaties govern many aspects of international environmental law. This section lists many of the most common multilateral treaties and indicates sources for locating treaties generally. There is also an online Glossary of Terms for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreementswhich is also in print at the Wolff Library. For more detailed information on researching treaties -- including treaty indexes, status, updating and ratification information -- see our Treaty Researchguide. There is another genre of international environmental agreements called soft law. The Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law INTL REF KZ1161 .P35 2009defines soft law as "A term used to refer to non-binding instruments or documents which have the appearance of law....While not legally binding, soft law can be politically influential in setting down objectives and aspirations." Documents constituting soft law can often be located on the websites of individual organizations. Examples of key soft law documents in international environmental law include Agenda 21: Programme of Action for Sustainable Development, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the Forest Principles. SELECTED ENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS This list highlights some of the most frequently cited multilateral agreements related to the environment as there are many, many environmental treaties. See EISIL's International Environmental Law page for links to additional agreements.
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal Convention of Biological Diversity o Biosafety Protocol (Cartagena Protocol)

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Law of the Sea (LOS) Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAFTA side agreement) Ozone Treaties Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS)

TREATY COLLECTIONS

The following resources offer collections of environmental treaties.

ECOLEX Free database from FAO includes treaties, national legislation and court decisions. Use the advanced search option to search by jurisdiction.

EISIL This website is produced by the American Society of International Law and pulls together international law by topic. The environmental section is a comprehensive collection of treaties and includes bluebook citations under "more information" for each treaty.

Environmental Law Instruments (UNEP) This list includes treaties from 1933 with many in pdf format.

Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) We can't tell if this database is updated, but it does offer useful search capabilities such as by date, number of signatories, year of entry into force and many more. Click on Treaty Locator on the left side to access it.

Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) A draft map divides the world's waters into regions. By clicking on the region, you can see the major international agreements, actors, research, state of the environment and other useful information. Good place to start when you need to know which agreements govern which areas.

International Environmental Law : Multilateral Treaties INTL K3583.A1 I575 1974 This nine volume print looseleaf (updated regularly) is a comprehensive collection of treaties and "soft law."

International Environmental Soft Law: Collection of Relevant Instruments INTL K3583.I58 1993 While this set has ceased updating, it offers a great collection of soft law documents.

International Freshwater Treaties Databases This resource has nearly 450 treaties from 1820-2002. Full text is included and often citation information is provided. There are other databases (water events, water atlas, etc) available from theTransboundary Freshwater Dispute Database home page.

International Protection of the Environment: Conservation in Sustainable Development INTL K3585.4.I58 1995 This multi-volume looseleaf set is updated regularly and offers a huge collection of international environmental documents including treaties, statements, declarations, resolutions from multiple bodies, and much more. Also has "soft law" documents.

The general treaty collections below can be very useful when you need to cite to an official source.
HeinOnline United Nations Law Collection (Georgetown Law Only) This collection includes the United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS) and it is easy to search. You can even search by UNTS citation. United Nations Treaty Collection This database is the electronic version of the United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS). It can be challenging to search, but it includes ratification tables and images from the print series. The Status of Treaties is also available and includes reservations and declarations for many treaties.

Foreign Statutes and Regulations

Locating foreign statutes can be challenging. While many foreign governments provide their legislation on the internet, very few provide English translations. Fortunately, there are many great sources for foreign environmental law. The Wolff Library has several codes in print. Try searching theonline catalog using terms such as < environmental code germany > to get useful results. The sources listed below have good collections of laws and have been useful in the past. For more detailed information on foreign law research, see our Foreign & Comparative Law Research Guide.

Compendium of Environmental Laws of African Countries INTL KQC705.C65 1996(infrequently updated) Some of this information is dated, but still a good resource for African environmental law. Also on Google books with ( Benin-Lesotho & Mali-Tunisia) previews of full text.

ECOLEX Great, free database from FAO includes national legislation (some translations). Use the advanced search option to search by jurisdiction.

Foreign Law Guide database (Georgetown Law Only) The best source for locating the law for many foreign jurisdictions. It provides the researcher with relevant information on sources of foreign law, including complete bibliographic citations to legislation, the existence of English translations whenever possible, and selected references to secondary sources in English. Each jurisdiction also has an Internet Sources section.

International Encyclopedia of Laws : Environmental Law Online This database provides extensive background information on the environmental law of individual countries. Useful for finding citations and summaries of statutes and regulations. It does not have translations of foreign statutes.

International Protection of the Environment : Conservation in Sustainable Development INTL K3585.4.I58 1995 (updated regularly) Library Databases (Georgetown Law Only) We subscribe to legal databases for the following countries: India ( SCC Online Note: you must enter your email when you use this site and register your name the first time), China ( ChinaLawInfo),Vietnam, and Uganda.

World Legal Information Institute (WorldLII) The wealth of information here is maintained by several legal research institutes around the world. We suggest clicking on "All Countries" on the left side and then selecting your jurisdiction. For many countries, there are legislation and case law databases, but also try links listed under subject or legislation. Worldlii has legal information from 86 countries.

Foreign and International Case Law

Access to court decisions varies among jurisdictions. Many courts provide jurisprudence on court websites and they are often searchable. Again, English translations are rarely provided. When available, we have included specialized reports that have only environmental cases. Remember, sometimes periodical literature is a good source for citations or the text of national and international case law.
ELAW (Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide) The Legal and Scientific Resources section includes some court decisions. You will need to select a region and then a country to see a list of available materials. Coverage varies between countries. Canadian Environmental Law Reports INTL KE3612.C37 Features cases from Canada with annotations. Environmental Law Reports INTL KJE6242.A7 E5 Covers annotated cases from the United Kingdom and the European Union. Also available on Westlaw (ENV-RPTS). International Environmental Law Reports INTL K3584.53.I58 1999 This multi volume set (volume 5 published in 2007) includes coverage of international and national tribunals. Volume 1 covers very early decisions and volume 4 covers national courts. ECOLEX This database has some court decisions. We suggest selecting "court decisions" and then entering a country name. Library Databases (Georgetown Law Only) We subscribe to legal databases for the following countries: India ( SCC Online - note: for this database, you must enter your email address and create a user profile), China (ChinaLawInfo), and Uganda that include court decisions.

World Legal Information Institute (WorldLII) We suggest clicking on "All Countries" on the left side and then selecting your jurisdiction. For many countries, there are legislation and case law databases, but also try links listed "Courts & Case-Law".

Periodical Literature
Journal articles are a good way to obtain background information, locate a citation or even the text of a foreign law. Westlaw and Lexis provide excellent coverage of U.S. law reviews, but you should consider expanding your research to include foreign journals and indexes for more comprehensive and global coverage. For detailed information on all our journal databases and how to search them, see our Using Articles for Legal and Non-Legal Research guide. If you already have an article citation, but need to locate it in electronic format, just search thejournal title (not article title) in the online catalog. The results will provide information on both print and electronic availability.
Academic Search Premier (Georgetown Only) International environmental research can be interdisciplinary and this is a great resource for non-legal academic literature. Provides full text for over 4,600 publications on social sciences, humanities, education, and linguistics, arts & literature, medical sciences, and ethnic studies. Coverage: 1975 present. Cambridge University Press (Georgetown Only) Full text access to legal and other journals published by Cambridge University Press. Search by title, abstract, or by full text. Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (Georgetown Law Only) This database is an index and doesn't include the full text. However, it is the best source for locating foreign law journal articles. Search in English, but results will include articles in many languages besides English. You can then locate the full text by searching for the journal title in the library catalog. Oxford University Press (Georgetown Only) Online access to journals covering legal, regional affairs, social sciences, and other subjects. Search by title, abstract, or by full text. Kluwer Law International Journals (Georgetown Only) Also known as KLI Journals Online. Somewhat business-related, but covers EU developments. Note: the Library does not subscribe to all titles that are listed on the Kluwer web site.

Current Awareness
These sources are useful for keeping up to date on recent events in this field and for selecting a paper topic. Some even offer RSS feeds or email notifications.
Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide blog ELAW is a worldwide partnership organization among environmental advocates promoting the environmental movement around the world. This open blog includes information on current issues and policies. Greenwire (Georgetown Law Only) A daily news service reporting on the latest environmental & energy politics and policy at state, national and international levels. Summarizes from various print, broadcast and online sources. IISD Linkages Daily news source for coverage of international environmental meetings . Publishes the current awareness tools, Earth Negotiations Bulletin and Your Meeting Bulletin which promise to be neutral, authoritative records of ongoing meetings of various environmental topics. View the Upcoming Meetings section to monitor international meetings.

International Environment Reporter (Georgetown Law Only) This biweekly BNA publication covers international environmental law and policy in the major industrialized and developing nations. Also in print in the Wolff Library.

Organizations
European Union - Environment The EU has an active environmental program and this link will provide access to legislation, reports, and publications. This is a good place to begin your EU environmental research. Be sure to visit the European Commission Environment Directorate-General site for additional resources. TheEuropean Environment Agency was established by an EU regulation and assists EU institutions and EEA members in making decisions and policies about the environment. Locate useful information under "Environmental Topics" and "Data and Maps." Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) In addition to Ecolex, FAO offers FAOLex, WaterLex and FishLex databases. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change This scientific body reviews and evaluates information produced about climate change. There are meeting documents and publications available. OECD Environment There is useful information here organized under tabs such as Publications, Statistics, and a handy tab of Information by Country. United Nations Environment Programme Main UNEP web page with full text publications. The United Nations Environment Programme in Geneva offers handy links to specific UNEP programs headquartered in Geneva.

Additional Resources
CIEL - The Center for International Environmental Law CIEL is a nonprofit organization working to use international law and institutions to protect the environment, promote human health, and ensure a just and sustainable society. CIEL's publications page links to scholarly papers on the following topics: biodiversity and wildlife, chemicals, climate change, human rights & the environment, trade & sustainable development, and more. Social Science Research Network (Georgetown Law Only) SSRN is a database of working papers and articles accepted for publication (some have since been published) on various subjects including international environmental law. Working papers are available for downloading. Journal articles will need to be accessed from HeinOnline, Westlaw or Lexis.

Other Research Guides

Want more information about international environmental law? These other research guides may help.
A Basic Guide to International Environmental Legal Research This GlobaLex guide has a useful table of sub-topics with treaties and relevant research websites listed. International Environmental Law This research guide is part of the ASIL Guide to Electronic Resources for International Law. Environmental Law Research Guide This Georgetown guide details U.S. environmental law research.

Revised 10/10 (mms) Links 8/08 (ras) Updated 5/08 (mms) Georgetown University Law Library. These guides may be used for educational purposes, as long as proper credit is given. These guides may not be sold. Requests to republish or adapt a guide should be directed to the Head of Reference. Proper credit includes the statement: Written by, or adapted from, Georgetown Law Library (current as of .....).

Chapter Fourteen: Protection of Habitat

I. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance A. Introduction Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR), 1971 - seeks to improve the conservation and management of internationally significant wetlands Ramsar Bureau - includes important links to information regarding the Ramsar Convention Coral Health and Monitoring Program (CHAMP) - establishes an international network of coral reef researchers, provides a data repository for historical data collected from coral reef areas and provides near real-time data products derived from satellite images and monitoring stations at coral reef areas The Global Coral Reef Alliance - aims for the protection and sustainable management of coral reefs Teaching Materials: Coral Reefs - provides supplemental materials on coral reefs B. The List of Wetlands of International Importance Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) - provides an excerpt from Global biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources C. Site Management and Wise Use Best Management Practices for Wetlands - assists managers, landscape architects, resource technicians, engineers, and designers in approaching the wetland resource Boondall Wetlands: MANAGEMENT-Ramsar - forms a significant component of the Moreton Bay Ramsar site The History, Use and Management of Wetlands - describes a project in Lithuania dealing with wetland management D. Administration Wetland Science Institute (WLI) - provides a group of technical experts to develop and apply scientific techniques needed to promote wetland conservation E. The Ramsar Convention in Practice Wetlands International - summarises actions undertaken by Wetlands International in support of the objectives of the Ramsar Convention II. Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in Danger A. Background Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in Danger - defines the world's heritage by creating a list of natural and cultural sites whose irreplaceable value should be preserved for future generations and to ensure the sites' protection through international cooperation EarthWatch Institute - promotes sustainable conservation of natural resources and cultural heritage by encouraging cooperation among scientists, educators and the general public B. The World Heritage List and List of World Heritage in Danger Dangers of the World Heritage List - describes the process of how to put a natural and cultural site on the World Heritage in Danger list

South Africa Nominates Rock Art Park for World Heritage Status - reports the KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service (NCS) seeks to have World Heritage Site status for uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park C. The World Heritage Committee National Heritage Committee Home Page - provides information about the National Heritage Select Committe of the U.K. House of Commons The 22nd Session of the World Heritage Committee, Kyoto, Japan - includes information about the World Heritage Committee from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan D. The World Heritage Fund Financial Regulations for the World Heritage Fund - establishes special financial regulations to govern the operations of the Fund III. The Polar Regions TrackStar: Polar Regions - provides links to information on the polar region Byrd Polar Research Center - excellent site for links and background information The Arctic Cirlce - focusses on the peoples and environment of the Artic and Subarctic region A. Antarctica Live From Antarctica - web site provides interactive communication with researchers and other interesting resources. Designed by NASA and the National Science Foundation British Antarctic Survey- useful scientific information on current research 1. The Ice-Locked Continent Virtual Antarctica Introduction - provides images and dispatches of TerraQuest's voyage to Antarctica Planet Earth Home Page - Antarctica - provides various links to information on Antarctica 2. Territorial Claims and the Antarctic Treaty Antarctic Treaty - guarantees freedom of scientific research and exchange of data, forbids nuclear explosions and the disposal of radioactive waste, prohibits military activities and opens all installations to international inspection The Antarctic Treaty System - Environment - includes links to the Antarctic Treaty as well as other relevant legal instruments USA Antarctic Treaty Information Exchange - reports U.S. activities taking place in Antarctica in accordance to the Antarctic Treaty Antarctic Treaty Exchange of Information - reports Belgian activities taking place in Antarctica in accordance to the Washington Treaty on the Antarctic 3. Common Heritage of Mankind Status Arctic and Antarctica Ecology - provides links to information on Antarctica and the Arctic 4. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty 4 October 1991 - provides links to the full text of relevant documents as well as to the Protocol

The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty - Overview - includes the full text of the Protocol as well as the annexes B. The Arctic Region Draft Arctic Treaty: An Arctic Council - by Donat Pharand, Professor Emeritus of International Law, University of Ottawa, outlines a treaty that would form a commission and secretariat to promote cooperation among member countries for peaceful purposes in the Arctic Barents Euro Arctic Region - a databank providing environmental and economic information on the Russian regions near the Arctic and Scandinavia International Arctic Environment Data Directory - provides the user community with an efficient and up-to-date service fo locating and assessing sources of arctic environmental data and information Nunavut: Canada's newest territyory - provides the framework for the management of wildlife in Canada's newest territory New Study: US Sites Responsible For Dixon Pollution In Arctic - reports that transboundary pollution from North America threatens health of Inuit people and wildlife IV. International Protection of Forests Native Forest Network - works to protect native forests worldwide by working to protect public lands, stop pollution from pulp and paper mills, reduce consumer demand for virgin wood and promote alternative fiber Forest Operations and Environmental Protection - suggests ways to engage in Japanese forestry operations with less damage to the forests through the study of ecology, technology and economics International Nature Conservation Policy and Legislation - includes links to legal instruments on global, pan-European, EU, and European regions bases METLA: Finnish Forest Research Institute - an independent research organization under the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, provides services and research-based information for policy-makers, industry, and the public A. Introduction The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Forestry: Forest Legislation - lists conventions, international agreements, international bodies for negotiations and more WRI Publications and Papers on Forests - includes list of publications with summaries and links to purchasing online Forestry & Research Resources on the Internet - includes links to national forest research centres, research organisations in Ireland, forest research abroad, Irish government and more Forest Frontiers Initiative - provides comprehensive information on logging, mining, and other development activities within and around frontier forests as, or before, it happens Center for International Forestry Research - contributes to the sustained well-being of people in developing countries, particularly in the tropics, through collaborative strategic and applied research and related activities in forest systems and forestry and promotes the transfer of appropriate new technologies and the adoption of new methods of social organization, for national development 1. State of the World's Forests Greenpeace International: Ancient Forests Under Siege - provides a detailed map, news in various regions of the world, and press releases Preserving Ancient/Old-Growth Forests - Green Fire Productions - provides information on how to take action in preserving old-growth forests in the U.S. Tofino: Great Bear Rainforest - provides kayaking expeditions to the Great Bear Rainforest to promote interest in preserving the area's ecosystem Logging Burma's Frontier Forests: Resources and the Regime - provides a description of the publication, how to order it, and additional links relevant to Burma's forests

B. International Negotiations for a Broad Forest Policy 1. The UNCED Forest Principles Agenda 21, Chapter 11: Combating Deforestation - provides full text of Chapter 11 on sustaining forests, forest lands and woodlands and related activities 2. The Intergovernmental Panel on Forest Policy (IPF) Commission on Sustainable Development: Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Panel on Forests - reports on international co-operation in technological transfer for sustainable forest management 3. Sustainable Forest Management Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition - promotes the development of sustainable forest management standards in order to continually strive toward sustainable forest management, secure a sustainable supply of forest products, and ensure support for its practices in Canada and abroad Resource for Tropical Forestry and Agroforestry - includes links to forest management information Guide to Independently Certified Wood Products - includes products that have earned the label of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), which sets the highest standard for environmentally and socially responsible forest management C. Current Issues and Cross-Cutting Themes 1. International Trade and ITTA Request for Information - ITTA 1994 - includes a message on the Forest Mailing list on forest research and studies Yearbook of International Co-operation on Environment and Development: Agreements on Nature Conservation - offers information on various international agreements on nature conservation and terrestrial living resources Yearbook of International Co-operation on Environment and Development: Friends of the Earth International - promotes conservation, retoration and rational use of the environment and natural resources through public education and campaigning at local, national and international levels as well as encourages international citizen action 2. International Financing for Forest Conservation Thread Index of Using Remote Sensing Data in the Negotiation and Implementation of International Environmental Agreements - provides links to related archives Global Forestry Policy - includes links to meetings, workshops and consultations 3. Forest Certification and Ecolabelling Timber Trade Federation- information about certification efforts of forest management and forest products 4. Indigenous Peoples, Community Management and Forests USDA Forest Service - aims to achieve quality land management under the sustainable multiple-use management concept to meet the diverse needs of the people 5. Institutional Coordination

Forest Action Network - campaigns to save the Great Bear rainforest Raincoast Conservation Society - works to protect Canada's Great Bear rainforest by ensuring the long term survival of coastal bears, wild salmon and the interdependent life forms that define the ancient temperate rainforest Rainforest Action Network - works to protect the Earth's rainforests and support the rights of their inhabitants through education, grassroots organizing, and non-violent direct action Rainforest Alliance - develops and promotes economically viable and socially desirable alternatives to the destruction of tropical forests Trees for the Future - promotes and supports reforestation and environmentally sustainable land use, in cooperation with local groups and individuals in their own communities around the world Agroforestry E-Mail Newsletter - Send a message to overstory@agroforester.com and include your name, E-mail address, organization (or project name or description) and your location (country, state) to obtain a newsletter V. Desertification A. The Problem of Desertification Towards Solving the Global Desertification Problem (2) - Research on the Evaluation of Interaction between Desertification and Human Activities - provides a summary of the Desertification Research Project of the Japan Environment Agency Desertification - Environment - Net Links - provides links to information on desertification around the world and the Convention to Combat Desertification B. The Causes of Desertification Land Use - The Nature and Causes of Land Degradation and Desertification - provides links to various articles on desertification Basic Facts on Desertification - includes a list of basic facts provided by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification C. 1977 Plan of Action to Combat Desertification Agenda 21, Chapter 12: Managing Fragile Ecosystems: Combating Desertification And Drought - provides the complete text to Chapter 12 D. The Convention to Combat Desertification United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification- aims to combat desertification in countries experience serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa United Nations Secretariat of the Convention to Combat Desertification - includes Contracting Parties information and general information