Basic Matrix Manipulation with a TI89/TI92/Voyage 200

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH Page1of5
Often,amatrixmaybetoolargeortoocomplextomanipulatebyhand.Forthesetypesofmatrices,we
canemploythehelpofgraphingcalculatorstosolvethem.
Throughoutthedirections,calculatorbuttonswitharrowsindicatetheoperationorder.Tolearnmore
aboutyourTI89,TI92,orVoyage200,consultthemanufacturersproductmanual.
IwillbeusingtheTI89graphingcalculatorforthesedirections.TheTI92andVoyage200arevirtuallythe
same,yetthemenusmaybeslightlydifferentduetotheirwiderdisplays.Also,thekeyboardsaredifferent
betweenthesecalculators,soyouwillneedtoadjustthedirectionsaccordingly.IwillbeutilizingtheApps
Desktopavailableinthelatestfirmwareforthesethreecalculators.Ifitisnotturnedonbydefault,press
3andscrollallthewaydowntothelastsetting.TurnontheAppsDesktopandpresstosave
thechange.
Inputting/Editing Matrices:
Beforewecanworkwithmatrices,wemustfirstinputthemintothe
calculator.ToentertheMatrixEditor,scrollovertotheData/Matrix
EditoriconontheAppsDesktopandpress.
Sincewewanttoenteranewmatrix,scrolldowntoNewandpress
.
TheData/MatrixEditorallowsustoinputintotheTI89morethanjust
matrices.Wecanalsoenterlistsanddata(essentiallyamatrixwithout
fixeddimensions).
Letssaywewanta3x2matrix.WefirstneedtotelltheEditorthatwe
wanttoinputamatrix.AttheTypeoption,presstheBarrowkey,select
Matrixandpress.PresstheDarrowkeytwicetoVariableand
presstotypeana.PresstheDarrowkeytoRowdimension.Since,
thecalculatorisstillinalphalockfromtheVariablebox,pressjonce
toexitthatlock.NowpressDtoenterthematrixdimensions.
Pressoncetoconfirmthecolumndimension,thenagaintocreate
thematrix.

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH Page2of5
Youshouldnowhavethisscreen.Asyoucansee,wehavea3x2matrix
filledwithzeros.Toinputyourownmatrix,typeineachelementofthe
matrixrowbyrow.Thatis,toenterthematrix_
4 2
1 S
8 7
_,type:y
nm
.

Andthisiswhatyoushouldhave.Beforewecanusethismatrix,weneed
tofirstexittheData/MatrixEditor.Todothis,donotpressM!
PressingMwillremovetheselectednumber.Instead,pressthe"
buttontoexittotheHomescreen,ortheObuttontoreturntothe
AppsDesktop.
Toeditthematrix,returntotheData/MatrixEditor,butthistimeselect
Open.ChangethetypetoMatrix,makesureaistheselected
variable,andpress.Thematrixawillnowbedisplayedforediting.
Remembertoalwayspress"orOtoexittheEditor!
Whatifweneedtochangethematrixdimensions?Afteropeningthe
matrix,press2todisplaytheUtilitiesmenuandscrolldownto
ResizeMatrix;press.Typeinthenewdimensionsandpress
toapplythem.

Adding and Subtracting Matrices:

Entertwomatricesintothecalculatorasshownabove,oneasaandthe
otherasb.Forthisexample,a=_
4 2
1 S
8 7
_andb=_
1 2
S 4
S 6
_.Makesureyou
areattheHomescreenwhileusingmatricesincomputations.
Toaddthesetwomatricestogether,dothefollowing:
j(fora)jc(forb)

Ifdonecorrectly,youshouldseethisscreen.
DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH Page3of5
Subtractingmatricesissimilar,excepttypeasubtractionsigninsteadofan
additionsign.

(Remember,matricesmustbethesamedimensioninordertoaddor
subtractthem.Thecalculatorwillreturnanerrorifthedimensionsarenot
thesame.)

Multiplying Matrices:
MatrixmultiplicationiseasyontheTI89.Forscalarmultiplication,multiply
thenumbertimesthematrixjustlikemultiplyingtwonumberstogether.
Forexample,tomultiply3timesthematrixa,type:pj
A.
Multiplyingtwomatricestogetherisjustaseasy.However,rememberto
havethecorrectmatrixdimensions,otherwisethecalculatorwillgivea
Dimensionerror.Forthisexample,a=_
4 2
1 S
8 7
_andb=j
1 2 S
S 4 S
[.Try
duplicatingmyscreenbymultiplyingaandbtogether.
Noticethatifthescalarisafraction,theTI89willreturnfractionsinthe
answer.Ifdecimalsaredesired,pressaftertheinitial
multiplication.

UnlikesomeotherTIgraphingcalculatorswithmatrices,theTI89
understandsb/2tobethesameas(1/2)b.

Calculating the Inverse:

Tocalculateamatrixinverse,firstinputj
S 1
S 8
[asmatrixcintotheTI89.
(Ofcoursethematrixmustbesquare,otherwisethecalculatorwillreturna
Dimensionerror).Press"toexittotheHomescreen.
PressjCZ.

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH Page4of5
Gaussian and GaussJordan Elimination:
Letsusethesetwomethodstosolvethefollowingsystemofequations:

4x + 8y +z = 2
x +7y - Sz = -14
2x - Sy +2z = S
_ _
4 8 1 2
1 7 -S -14
2 -S 2 S
_

Inputtheaugmentedmatrixasmatrixa.

Press"toexittheEditor.Letsfirsttrysolvingthesystemusingthe
GaussianEliminationmethod.Press2ztoenterthecalculators
Mathmenu.ScrolldowntoMatrix,presstheBarrowkey,andselectthe
ref(command(RowEchelonForm).Presstopastethe
commandtotheHomescreen.
TypejAdtorunthecommandonmatrixa.Ifa
appearsintheanswer,thismeansthatthematrixextendsbeyondthe
calculatorsscreen;selecttheanswerandusetheAandBarrowkeysto
scrollthematrix.

Notethatifyouswaprows,thematrixgivenbytheref(commandmay
notmatchthematrixobtainedbyperformingtheGaussianeliminationby
hand.Thatisfine;thefinalsolutionwillstillbethesame.

NowletstrytheGaussJordaneliminationmethod.Ifyouhavecalculated
thismethodbyhand,thenyouknowthattheanswerwillbeobtainedat
theend.ThesameappliestotheTI89.

Press2ztoreturntotheMathmenu,butthistimescrolldownto
therref(command(ReducedRowEchelonForm),directlybelowref(.
PresstopastethecommandtotheHomescreen.
TypejAdtorunthecommandonmatrixa.
Therewego!Thesolutiontooursystemofequationsis(3,1,6).
Nowwhatifwehaveadependentorinconsistentsystem?Therref(
commandwillstillworkontheaugmentedmatricesofthesesystems,but
withdifferentresultsthanabove.Foradependentsystem,amatrixwith
thelastrowallzeroswouldbereturned(firstpictureontheright).Foran
inconsistentsystem,amatrixwouldbereturnedwherethelastrow
containsallzerosexceptforafinalelementof1(secondpictureonthe
right).

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH Page5of5
Determinants:
Inputthismatrixasmatrixainthecalculator:_
4 2 1
S 7 2
1 -S S
_
Tocalculatethedeterminantofa,press2ztoenterthe
calculatorsMathmenu,scrolldowntoMatrix,presstheBarrowkeyand
selectthedet(command.Presstopastethecommandtothe
Homescreen.TypejAdtorunthecommandon
matrixa.Thatsit!Thedeterminantofthismatrixis96.

Transpose:
Letscalculatethetransposeof_
4 2 1
S 7 2
1 -S S
_.Ifitisnottherealready,input
thismatrixasainthecalculator.Pressjtotypeaonthe
Homescreen,thengobacktotheMathmenu,entertheMatrixsubmenu
andselectthefirstcommand.Presstopastethecommandtothe
screen,andthenagaintorunthecommand.

Deleting Matrices from the Calculator:

DeletingmatricesfromtheTI89isnottoohard,butwemustbecareful.
Wewillbeenteringanareaofthecalculatorwherewecouldpossibly
deletesomethingthatwedidnotintendto.First,press2
(abovethe|key).UsetheCandDarrowkeystoselectthematrixyou
wanttodelete,andthenpressthe0key.PresstoconfirmorN
tocancel.Makesuretopress"toreturntotheHomescreen.