MCQ RESPIRATORY 1. Pulmonary vascular resistance is increased in a. Increase in pulmonary arterial pressure . !ypocar ia c. Al"alosis d.

Increased le#t atrial pressure e. elevated C$P

%. T&e 'reatest increase in dead space (ould e e)pected (it& a. Pulmonary em olism . Atelectasis c. Pneumot&ora) d. *ronc&oconstriction e. O esity

+. t&e di##erence et(een t&e apical and asal alveoli in an erect lun' a. Apical PaO% , asal PaO% . Apical PaCO% - *asal PaCO% c. $.Q mismatc& Apical , *asal d. Compliance *asal - Apical e. Per#usion increases as 'o up t&e lun'

/. Perip&eral c&emoreceptors a. 0ocated in in t&e carotid sinus . !ave 'lomus cells c. Innervated y 'lossop&aryn'eal nerve

d. *lood #lo( o# %11mls.'.min e. !ave a nonlinear response to paO% c&an'es

2. Sur#actant a. Is produced y type 1 pneumocytes . Reduces t&e amount o# ne'ative intrapleural pressure c. Increases pulmonary compliance d. Increases sur#ace tension in smaller alveoli to promote sta ility e. Causes &ysteresis

3. T&e lun' a. Removes.inactivates serotonin 42!T5 . Activates rady"inin c. Converts an'iotensin II to I d. Inactivates aldosterone e. Ta"es up noradrenaline

6. 7&ic& o# t&e #ollo(in' is inactivated in t&e lun' a. $asopressin . An'iotensin I c. Serotonin

d. An'iotensin II e. !istamine

8. P&ysiolo'ical dead space increases (it& a. Anaest&esia . Supine position c. PEEP d. !ypotension e. Pleural e##usion

9. S&unt can e calculated y "no(in' a. Cardiac output . Arterial o)y'en content c. Mi)ed venous o)y'en content d. End pulm. capillary o)y'en content e. Partial pressure o# O%

11.Alveolar pressure a. Is ne'ative t&rou'&out normal :uiet reat&in' . Is less t&an 2;3 cms !%O durin' :uiet inspiration c. Is <ero 4atmosp&eric pr5 durin' pause et(een inspiration and e)piration d. =ollo(s intrapleural pressure closely e. 2 cms!%O positive at e)piration

11.Carotid ody receptors a. !ave a &i'&er lood #lo( 'm #or 'm t&an t&e rain

. !ave aroreceptors activity c. Respond to c&an'es in o)y'en content o# t&e lood d. Respond to c&an'es in p! e. Are not a##ected y carotid endarterectomy

1%.Concernin' compliance a. 0un' compliance is les t&an total compliance . >ynamic compliance is less in a paralysed patient c. In IPP$ tidal volume depends only on compliance d. Compliance is directly proportional to $.Q ratio e. Compliance in a 2 year old is dou le t&an t&at o# a %1 year old.

1+.T&e #ollo(in' can e determined #rom t&e volume pressure curve a. 7or" o# reat&in' . =RC

c. S&unt d. Static Compliance e. >ynamic Compliance

1/.*reat&in' in t&e lateral position a. $entilation is 'reater in t&e upper lun' . PO% is 'reater in t&e lo(er lun' c. $.Q ratio in t&e lo(er lun' is increased d. Per#usion is 'reater in t&e upper lo e e. $.Q is a out 1 near ri'&t pulmonary artery

12.Closin' volume a. Is 11? o# a #it youn' persons vital capacity . $aries (it& e)tremes o# a'e c. Increases (it& supine position d. Increases (it& o esity e. *y la( is more t&an closin' capacity

SAQ Respiratory 1. 0ist t&e p&ysiolo'ical #actors (&ic& increase respiratory rate. Include a rie# e)planation o# t&e mec&anism y (&ic& eac& ac&ieves t&is increase.

%. >escri e t&e #actors t&at a##ect lun' compliance +. >ra( an e)piratory #lo( volume curve #or a #orced e)piration #rom total lun' capacity. >escri e its c&aracteristics in people (it& normal lun's@ as (ell as t&ose (it& o structive and restrictive lun' disease.